The Stolen Qing Tomb of the Queen's Tomb

In 1928, the warlord Sun Dianying used explosives to blow up Cixi's underground palace and robbed the treasures buried inside. This underground palace is the first underground palace of a queen's mausoleum excavated in my country. Its stones are all made of white marble, which is crystal clear and white. The carvings are exquisite, and the patterns are composed of natural patterns, which is unique. Looking up, it looks like auspicious clouds are floating,

It is lingering and ethereal, which is fascinating. The Dingdong Tombs of Empress Dowager Ci'an and Empress Dowager Cixi are the last two empress tombs built by the Qing Dynasty. Their regulations are basically based on the Xiaodong Tombs, but there are some differences. First, the Xiama Pavilion and the Shinto stele pavilion were built in the Shenlu area, and flat bridges were built symmetrically on both sides of the three-hole arch bridge; second, concubines were no longer buried in the mausoleum, and the regulations were expanded compared to the Xiaodong Mausoleum. The Zhaoxi Mausoleum, where Empress Xiaozhuang Wen is buried, was rebuilt from the Temporary Anfeng Hall, so it has very special regulations. First, in the Shenlu area, there are only horse signs and Shinto stele pavilions, but no bridges or culverts; second, in the palace area, a two-layer wall is built, with a Longen Gate on the front of the outer wall and three glazed flower doors on the front of the inner wall; Third, the mausoleum doors are set on the clip walls on the left and right of Long'en Hall; fourth, Long'en Hall is the highest-grade double-eaves veranda in the Qing Dynasty. Its regulations are very different from other queen's tombs, so it should be regarded as a special case. Aerial view of Zhaoxi Mausoleum In Zunhua Qingdong Tomb, there is a mausoleum that looks like a lone wild goose. It was built outside the Fengshui Wall, the boundary wall of the mausoleum area, and next to the Dahongmen, the main gate of the mausoleum area. This is Zhaoxiling, the tomb of Queen Xiaozhuangwen. The owner of this mausoleum is Queen Xiaozhuangwen, the queen of Emperor Taizong Huangtaiji of the Qing Dynasty. The mausoleum faces south from the north, and the architectural layout from south to north is: Xiamapai, Shinto Stele Pavilion, East-West Room, East-West Watch Room, Longen Gate, Three Glazed Flower Doors, East-West Burning Furnace, East-West Side Hall, and Longen Hall , the mausoleum gate, the five stone offerings on the platform, the square city, the bright tower, the treasure city, and the treasure top. Under the treasure top is the underground palace. On the east side in front of the mausoleum is a divine kitchen for making sacrifices. Zhaoxi Mausoleum

Compared with other empress mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty, the architectural regulations of Zhaoxi Mausoleum are very unique: 1. The Long'en Hall in other cemeteries is on the top of the hilltop, while the Long'en Hall in Zhaoxi Mausoleum is on the top of the veranda. 2. Other mausoleums have only one portal in front of Long'en Hall, but Zhaoxi Mausoleum has two gates. Correspondingly, the cemetery also has two inner and outer walls. 3. No mancao ditch was excavated in front of the mausoleum, and no three-hole arch bridge was built. "Xiaozhuang" is the abbreviation of Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, and is also the "posthumous title" of Queen Borjigit of Emperor Taizong Huangtaiji of the Qing Dynasty. She is a Mongolian, with a surname of Borjijit and a name of Bumbutai. She was born in the Horqin tribe of Mongolia in the 41st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1613). Her father is Beile Zhaisang. When she was 13 years old (1625), she married Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Emperor Taizu Nurhaci of the Qing Dynasty (Manchu, translated as "wife" in Chinese); she was later named "Concubine Zhuang" of Yongfu Palace. Accompanying her to Shengjing (today's Shenyang, Liaoning) were her brother Wu Keshan Taiji and her maid Su Ma Lagu (also known as "Su Mo'er"). It is worth mentioning that her aunt Borjigit (the daughter of Beile Manggusi of the Horqin tribe in Mongolia) was married to Huang Taiji, Queen Xiaoduanwen, long before her; her aunt and niece were married to the same person, Before the Qing army entered the Pass, it was a common thing among the Manchus, so it is not surprising. Empress Xiaozhuangwen gave birth to three daughters (Princess Gulun Yongmu, Princess Gulun Shuhui, and Princess Gulun Shuzhe) and one son (Princess Fulin, Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty) for Huang Taiji throughout her life. And because her son and grandson (i.e., the Qing sage Xuanye and the Kangxi Emperor) both became emperors, she was revered as the "Empress Dowager" and "The Empress Dowager" successively. Empress Xiaozhuangwen was the famous Zhuang Concubine in the history of the Qing Dynasty. She was the beloved concubine of Huang Taiji, the biological mother of the young emperor Shunzhi Emperor Fulin, and the grandmother of Emperor Kangxi Xuan Ye. She had a close relationship with the three emperors of the early Qing Dynasty. relation. Made in the Qing Dynasty, the Queen's Tomb

The Queen's Tomb

does not have its own independent name, but is named after the name of her husband's tomb. The first character of the mausoleum name is the first character of the name of her husband's mausoleum, and the second character is determined according to the relative position of the queen's mausoleum to her husband's mausoleum. The mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty all faced south, and the queen's mausoleum could only be built to the east or west of the emperor's mausoleum. The mausoleum of Empress Xiaozhuang Wen is called Zhaoxi Mausoleum, indicating that it is in the same system as the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Shengjing (today's Shenyang). Zhaoling is the tomb of Huang Taiji, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty. Because the mausoleum of Queen Xiaozhuang Wen is located to the west of Zhaoling, it is called "Zhaoxiling". The mausoleum of Empress Xiaozhuangwen is called Zhaoxiling, which shows that it is still in the same system as Zhaoling. In other words, she, the queen, is still subordinate to Emperor Taizong. So why is this mausoleum not buried in the Qingdong Mausoleum area, but left outside the gate? This is not difficult to explain. The Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty are dominated by the Xiaoling Tomb of Emperor Shunzhi Fulin. Xiaoling Mausoleum is located at the southern foot of the main peak of Changrui Mountain. It is the most noble place in the mausoleum area.

The Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty and the Zhaoling Tombs outside the Pass are different systems and must not be confused. If the Zhaoxi Mausoleum is built within the feng shui wall of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty, it will not only disrupt the two systems, but also building the Zhaoxi Mausoleum anywhere will be inferior to its son Xiaoling Mausoleum, which is contrary to law. In this way, the Zhaoxi Mausoleum was built outside the mausoleum area, which not only clarified the boundaries between the two systems, but also satisfied the last wish of Empress Xiaozhuangwen to be with her descendants after her death. There is a reason why the Zhaoxiling Mausoleum was built on the left side of Dahongmen. The system of visiting mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty started with the mausoleum of the highest generation. Empress Xiaozhuangwen's seniority is higher than that of the descendants who were buried in the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty. When the younger generations visit the mausoleum, they naturally start from the Zhaoxi Tomb.