What should be paid attention to in the management and protection of edible fungi in high temperature weather?
I. Precautions for Safe Use
Buying and transporting strains during high temperature should be done sooner or later. It is suggested to transport strains by refrigerated trucks. It is necessary to prevent the strain from being exposed to the truck. The purchased strains should be stored in a cool and clean place for early use. Strains should be purchased from qualified strain farms, and tickets and cultivation materials should be obtained. The introduction of new varieties should be tested and demonstrated first, and blind introduction and large-scale promotion should not be allowed.
Second, the cultivation and management measures in high temperature period
Mushroom mycelium is very sensitive to external temperature. When the temperature is higher than 35℃, mycelium may die, commonly known as "burning bacteria", resulting in rotten sticks. Don't turn the rod at high temperature, so as to avoid the rod heating up due to the vibration and breathing of mycelium. Special attention should be paid to the summer management of "135" varieties with weak stress resistance in low altitude areas and mushroom sticks cultivated in double bags.
During high temperature, measures such as bag cutting, puncture and ventilation are prohibited. Prevent air from entering the inside of the fungus stick, enhance the respiration of mycelium and increase the temperature of the fungus pile. Perforation ventilation should be carried out before high temperature or after the weather turns cold. The punching amount can be increased or decreased according to the dry and wet conditions of materials, and the punching amount of bacteria sticks with high water content should be increased in batches in the same room. Ventilation and heat dissipation should be strengthened within 2-3 days after perforation to prevent hyphae from dying due to high temperature.
Third, postpone the inoculation period appropriately, and bag and rest after inoculation.
The inoculation period of Auricularia auricula can be arranged after beginning of autumn, and it should be inoculated in the morning and evening, strictly disinfected and inoculated in an inoculation box or a clean inoculation room. The roof height of auricularia auricula cultivation shed should be above 3.5 meters, and the cooling effect of black and white film is better. It can be bagged and rested, and the stacking height should be less than 5 layers to reduce the self-heating of the fungus sticks. During high temperature, spray cooling measures can be taken at the roof of the shed to strengthen the air circulation in the shed.
Fourth, strengthen ventilation and cooling, and prevent stuffy piles from burning bacteria.
Advocate outdoor sunshade to produce bacteria. The outdoor shade shed has good ventilation and rapid cooling, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of "stuffy pile" and "mushroom burning". Fast-growing trees such as poplar can be planted in the mushroom farm for shade, and vines such as pumpkin and loofah can be planted around the mushroom shed. Shading net or reflective film is used to shade the roof and its surroundings, and should be set higher and thicker to improve the shading effect. In the case of continuous high temperature, sprinklers can be installed on the roof of the shed before 10: 00 and after 4: 00 pm to cool down, and communication ditches can be dug around the shed and on both sides of the sidewalk in the shed to introduce "horse racing water" to cool down. Those that don't need furrow irrigation to cool down should be discharged to the lower shelf as far as possible.
Indoor ventilation management should be strengthened in summer. In case of indoor summer, bacteria should be produced in the ground floor room with good ventilation and cool summer. In addition to evacuation and stacking density, attention should also be paid to adding sunshade facilities around the training room, such as building a arbor and hanging a sunshade net. Close the doors and windows near noon and ventilate at night. In hot weather, you can put several water basins indoors and use fans to ventilate and dissipate heat, and the relative humidity of the air can be controlled at about 70%. If possible, you can also spray water on the floor tiles to cool down, so as to avoid the room temperature being higher than 33℃ for a long time.
Five, do a good job in the treatment of contaminated bacteria sticks
Early local rotten sticks can be dug up to form healthy hyphae, and then wrapped with slightly higher concentration of quicklime solution or bactericide to control the further spread of germs. For the mushroom sticks that have been completely "burnt", they can be broken and dried as soon as possible and reused. Mushroom sticks can be made in plain areas before the end of September, but varieties with short fungus age, such as L868, should be selected.
6. Actively respond to possible typhoons and rainstorms.
July and August are typhoon seasons in our province. Typhoon transit areas should publicize and mobilize edible fungi parks and production bases, evacuate residents living in mushroom sheds, repair and strengthen edible fungi greenhouses and covering materials to prevent mushroom sticks from being flooded by rain. The main body of edible fungi and the mushroom stick field in the factory that is still organizing production should arrange special personnel to be on duty, focusing on ensuring the safety of electricity consumption.