Qin Jun shot Zhao Kuo, Zhao Kuo's army was defeated, hundreds of thousands of troops surrendered, and Qin Jun buried them alive. What campaign?
The battle of Changping was a large-scale field battle during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period in China, which took three years before and after (in recent years, it has been said that the previous period was deadlocked for two years and six months, and the later period was heated for six months). The war ended in victory, Zhao's defeat and Zhao's rape and murder of 400,000 people.
The battle of Changping was a turning point in the Warring States period. After this war, the six countries no longer have the power to fight against Qin Jun alone. Qin unified China's war, so it was only a matter of time.
In 262 BC (forty-five years of Qin Zhaoxiang), the State of Qin sent troops to attack the King of Nan Man (now Qinyang, Henan). Barbarian king surrendered to the State of Qin. Shangdang County in South Korea is isolated from the motherland. Han Huanhui was afraid of soldiers in Qin Jun, so he decided to dedicate Shangdang County to the State of Qin to avoid war. Shangdang county kept gold and refused to surrender Qin. Han Huanhui sent Feng Ting to take over Shangdang County to defend and surrender the State of Qin. Do not want to surrender to Qin. In order to avoid strengthening the State of Qin and at the same time use the power of Zhao to fight against the State of Qin, he gave all 70 cities in Shangdang County to Zhao. Zhao Haoqi asked for advice, but Zhao Bao, the monarch of Pingyang, thought it was impossible, which would offend Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin. But, Zhao Sheng insisted, the prince of Zhao accepted, appointed as Huayang County, Shangdang County, and sent Zhao Shengling to join the Party with 50,000 Zhao soldiers.
26 1 years ago, the state of Qin attacked Gui and Lun in South Korea, further deterring Han Huanhui and isolating Zhao from joining the Party.
In the first stage, in April of 26 1 year BC, Wang Bi, commander-in-chief of the Qin Dynasty, attacked Shangdang with the intention of annexing Shangdang in one fell swoop. Lian Po led two hundred thousand troops to rescue Shangdang. Lian Po takes Baili Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot, the line from Danzhuling to Ma 'an River, as its main defensive position. Before we split up, we set up a border defense 32 kilometers away from Kongcangling, and sent a general named Che (surname unknown) to search for them. At that time, Gou, Lun and Shangdang had been captured by Qin Jun, and led the remnants to join the Lian Po Army.
Qin Jun (Wang Bi) and Zhao Jun (Lian Po) first met in Yuxi Valley, west of Kongcangling. In the melee, the Qin Jun striker chopped Zhao Bijiang into eggplant. After the first battle was unfavorable, Zhao Jun defended the Kongcangling defence. Attacked and broke through the defense line and occupied Zhao's strong fortress. Zhao was forced to retreat to Changping, and built a long-base defense on the Dan River west of Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot. Storm Zhao's position again. Zhao was defeated, and moved eastward to the pass, sticking to the site of Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot. Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Science Popularization Point is built on the watershed from Danzhuling to Maan River, and the south slope facing Qin Jun is steep. The bottom of the Stone Great Wall scientific scenic spot is 4 meters wide, and forts are built at regular intervals, extending hundreds of miles along the mountain. There is only one natural pass in the middle section called Guguan, which is the only way for north-south traffic. The city gate and the Great Wall are integrated.
Zhao's troops were deployed all over the Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Science Point, with the focus on the old pass. Fighting with Qin Jun, defeat, Zhao out of the Great Wall decisive battle. Zhao Jun refused to take part in the war. Under the command of Lian Po, Zhao successfully contained the attack by fighting.
In the second stage, there was no progress in the diplomatic attack on Qin Jun for several months, because the supply line was too long and the logistical pressure was too great. In order to reverse the situation, the State of Qin took advantage of the opportunity of Zhao's sending envoys to Xianyang for peace talks, and showed kindness to Zhao. Other vassal states were afraid that Qin and Zhao would make peace against themselves and did not dare to support Zhao's [source request].
At the same time, he used counter-measures to spread rumors in Handan: "Although Qin is evil, I am afraid that Zhao Kuo will obey the horse and Lian Po will be easy to surrender." Young Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao was angry at the heavy casualties suffered by Lian Po's army. Repeated battles and defeats, stick to the camp and dare not fight. Rumors spread everywhere, adding fuel to the fire. So the prince of Zhao pushed his way through the crowd, changed his position, and replaced Lian Po as the commander-in-chief of Changping front line with his favorite young general Zhao Kuo (the son of Zhao She, a famous Zhao star).
In the third stage, in the summer of 260 BC, Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po and took over the 450,000 Zhao troops on the Changping front. After Zhao Kuo arrived at the front, he immediately changed the original military deployment and defense strategy, replaced a large number of junior officers, contracted his troops, and prepared to take the initiative to attack, in an attempt to annihilate Qin Jun in World War I and recapture Shangdang.
After learning the news, the State of Qin secretly sent Wu to Changping to take over from Wang Bi to command Qin Jun. In view of the dynamic situation of Zhao, a main position with a length of18km was built along the natural ridge on the east bank of Danhe River. Relying on Changping on the east bank of Danhe River, the right wing extended to the north bank of Xiaodongcang River to resist the attack of Zhao's main force. After the decisive battle began, another 25,000 people were arranged to cut off Zhao Congshi's retreat from the Great Wall. Another 5,000 cavalry blocked the connection between Zhao, who stayed at Stone Great Wall Scienc Spot Scientific Point, and Zhao's main attacking force.
Qin Jun pretended to fail, Zhao Zhongfu and Zhao Kuo knew little about Qin Jun, and ordered the main force to attack the Qin Jun army stationed in front of the old customs. According to the order, he was cheated and lost soon after the battle, and fled along the avenue leading to Changping, luring the chasing Zhao main force to the preset battlefield.
Zhao Kuo didn't know the recruit, and commanded the whole army to storm the position, causing great damage, but he resisted stubbornly and Zhao could not break it. At this time, Zhao's main force has been away from Jiuguan 12 km. He said that he led twenty-five thousand troops and fell on the north bank of Xiaodongcang River. Suddenly, he fought out of Hanwang Mountain and broke Zhao's retreat. Five thousand cavalry also arrived at the old customs, which made Zhao who stayed at the old customs dare not support. Zhao Jun was completely divided into two sections. Zhao's main offensive force lost its logistical support, and the left-behind troops dared not reinforce without food and grass. Qin Jun took advantage of the situation to attack Zhao from both wings. Zhao fenbing can't win. Zhao's main force was compressed in a valley between Jiangjun Mountain and Hanwang Mountain, which was a defensive barrier.
The fourth stage is to mobilize the national strength. Facing the dangerous war, Zhao Kuo ordered the troops to set up a base on the spot and wait for reinforcements. Take the opportunity to surround Zhao in the valley. The news that Zhao Jun was besieged reached Handan. Zhao Haoqi wanted to unite against the State of Qin and sent an envoy to help neighboring countries, such as Chu and Wei. However, because Zhao's emissary had previously entered Xianyang and talked about Qin's meeting with princes, the country was unwilling to save Zhao. Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao had to send his own troops to Changping for rescue.
On the Qin side, knowing that the main force of the Zhao army had been encircled, Xiang personally rushed to Hanoi County to give titles to all the county people, and ordered all men over the age of 15 in the county to go out to support the Changping front and stop Zhao reinforcements. The besieged Zhao army received no assistance. In September, after being trapped for 46 days, Zhao Kuo was shot and killed by Qin Jun when he broke through. Zhao was sick and hungry, so he couldn't fight any more and had to surrender. He captured nearly 400,000 Zhao troops and suffered more than half of his own casualties.
Those who killed Zhao's pawn have a lingering fear of nearly 400,000 soldiers. Make a false promise, he will bring strong soldiers back to Qin, and the old, the weak, the sick and the young will be released to Zhao. Zhao people don't doubt. He comforted the soldiers with wine and meat, and later ordered the Qin soldiers to wrap their heads in white cloth, saying, "Whoever is wearing white cloth should be killed." Zhao gave up when he surrendered without preparation or equipment. "Four hundred thousand Zhao soldiers, all in one night", "rivers of blood, boiling like thunder". At that time, Shi Zi said, "There was a lot of blood, and the water in Yanggu became Dan, so it was called Dan water from now on." Only 240 young Zhao Shibing were released to Zhao to spread panic and deter the six countries. It is said that the news of raping Zhao pawn reached Zhao. Throughout the country, "children cry for their fathers, fathers cry for their sons, brothers cry for their brothers, fathers cry for their grandchildren, wives cry for their husbands, and there are people all over the street, and the pain is endless."
Many people expressed doubts about killing 400,000 Zhao and surrendering. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu proposed that "Changping killed 400,000 people, and the historical story is not credible. If you lose, you will have it. If it is called a pit of 400,000 people, how much will it cost! Besides, Zhao's soldiers are battle-hardened soldiers. How can 400 thousand people be willing to die? Never credible. " . [4] In the note of Zi Jian, it is also said: "This remark was delayed in defeating Lian Po and Zhao Kuo, and was beheaded before and after. The soldiers are invincible, and 400,000 people give up on themselves! "
As a result, Zhao was badly weakened in World War I, and he was no longer able to fight against Qin alone in all directions. Although Qin suffered huge losses in the subsequent battle of Handan, "more than half of the dead people's homes were empty", it established its strategic advantage over Zhao.
Zhao Kuo also became the laughingstock of the ages because World War I ruined the lives of 400,000 soldiers and Zhao's future, and his deeds became the idiom "an armchair strategist".
In recent years, many articles for Zhao Kuo's conviction quoted historical records: "Most of the Qin people died, and the country was empty". "The Warring States Policy" also said that the battle of Changping made the state of Qin "empty, and the people were hungry", and that while Zhao Kuo broke through, it also hit Qin Jun, who was brave and good at fighting. But before and after the battle of Changping, it was composed of a series of military conflicts and battles. Qin Jun confronted Lian Po, and after the tomb was breached, Qin Jun lost five generals. Until the king of Qin talked to Bai Qi, Bai Qi said that "more than half of Qin people died and the country was empty" was the result of accumulated casualties in Qin's expansion war over the years.