Knowledge points of Chinese sick sentences and answers to ancient poems.
1, modify the class of sick sentences
(1) Improper use of words
① Improper emotional color. His earnest and hard-working learning spirit is worth learning from each of our classmates. "Youyou" means "not learning well" and is derogatory. It's not appropriate to use it here. It should be changed to "learning". )
② Incorrect use of related words. Only by insisting on verification can the Iraq issue be resolved peacefully. When only and only are used together, the word just should be changed to only. )
(2) Improper collocation
① Improper collocation of subject and predicate. His lofty revolutionary qualities often appear in my mind. ("quality" can't be "budding", but it can be changed to "his great revolutionary image". )
② Improper collocation of verbs and objects. For example, Shanghai Science and Technology Development Center has gathered a group of professional teams who are enthusiastic about serving the development of science and technology and are good at management. ("Gathering" should be "specialized talents". )
8 Improper collocation of subject and object. This last day's work is the most stressful, enjoyable and meaningful day for students. ("labor" and "one day" are not properly matched, so "labor" should be deleted. )
④ Rhetorical words and head words are not collocated properly. He has made great efforts in cultivating improved varieties. ("great" and "painstaking" are not properly matched and should be changed to "many". )
(3) Incomplete ingredients
(1) The subject is missing. By studying Lei Feng's touching deeds, I learned a lot about being a man. The word "yes" makes "I" lose its subject.
Therefore, the role should be deleted. )
(2) lack of objects. Seeing his photo reminds me of the time when we played together and read books at the same table. This sentence lacks an object head word. "Scene" should be added. )
(4) improper word order
① Improper logical word order. The school has adopted and studied new rules and regulations. The order of "passing" and "learning" is reversed. It should be "learning" before "passing". )
② The related words are in the wrong order. I trust not only him, but also his friends. B: Not only I trust him, but also those who opposed him before trust him now. When two clauses are the same subject, the related word comes after the subject. For example, in A, the subject of both clauses is "I", and "not only" should be behind the subject "I": when the subjects of the two clauses are different, the related words are in front of the subject. For example, B, the subjects of the two clauses are "I" and "person" respectively, and the related word "not only" should be placed before "I". )
(5) Inconsistent
① Inconsistency. Whether you can study hard is the key to improve your academic performance. "Yes" and "No" express two completely different situations, so "Yes" should be deleted. )
② Negative redundancy. For example, individual doctors don't talk about medical ethics and want red envelopes. Hospital leaders are not without responsibility for this. ("not without responsibility" means responsibility, and adding "not" is the opposite, so "not" or "no" should be removed. )
The scope is not clear. As soon as people enter the teaching building, they will see all the pictures and posters about Macao's history hanging on the walls of the corridor. ("Pictures" include "posters" and should not be juxtaposed, but should be called "posters and other pictures". )
(6) Repetition, for example, the heavy schoolwork burden of primary and secondary school students is a chronic disease that plagues our basic education. ("Chronic disease" and "disease" are duplicated, and one of them should be deleted)
(7) Ambiguity: For example, a shepherd boy is eating grass with a cow. Is it a "grazing shepherd boy" or a "grazing cow"? It should be changed to "the shepherd boy leads the cow, and the cow is eating grass." )
2. Knowing these basic types of sick sentences, we must master the basic methods of modifying sick sentences.
(1) Check the sick sentences and find out the reasons. Look at the original sentence first and see what is wrong. Grammar, rhetoric and logic have different requirements for review. Finding out the reason is the premise of modifying the sick sentence.
(2) Take the initiative first, and then prescribe the right medicine. If it is a sentence caused by grammatical errors, when modifying it, we should first find out the trunk (subject, predicate and object) of the sentence to see if it is incomplete, if it is properly collocated, if it is disordered, and correct the mistakes found; Then, we should check the additional components (definite, adverbial and complement) and correct them one by one.
(3) On the basis of not changing the original meaning of the sentence, we should add (add words), delete (delete redundant words and phrases), adjust the tone (adjust the word order) and change (replace other words) to the sick sentence. You can't make new sentences.
Poetry appreciation problem-solving skills (:
* The first mode analyzes image and artistic conception.
Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer steps:
(1) describe the picture in the poem. It also accurately summarizes that candidates should grasp the main scenery in poetry and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.
Example of answer:
Two quatrains (I) Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Notes? This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts, the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (the first step). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after his wandering life (the third step).
* The second pattern analysis skill type
How to ask questions: What expressive techniques are used in this poem?
Title change: Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
Answer steps:
(1) Accurately point out the technology used.
(2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry.
(3) How can this technique effectively convey the poet's feelings?
Example of answer:
I went to Chen long ago.
Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects singing in the depths of rice fields.
What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?
A: Mainly use the method of comparison (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).
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To answer this question well, we must first understand various technologies and their functions:
Several common rhetorical devices and their functions;
1. Metaphor: used for narration, explanation and description, which can make things vivid, vivid and concrete and give people a vivid impression; Turn intangible into tangible, make abstract things more vivid and concrete, and make abstruse truths easy to understand.
2. personification: it can make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, produce strong feelings and cause * * *.
3. Metonymy: It can highlight the image and make it concrete and vivid.
4. exaggeration: it can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things, and cause a strong buzz among readers.
5. Duality: Formally, syllables are neat and symmetrical, with strong sense of rhythm and beautiful melody; The content is concise and concentrated, with strong generality.
6. parallelism: parallelism consists of three or more sentences with the same sentence pattern, which increases language throwing, plays an emphasis role and strongly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. Argumentative writing often increases language potential and plays a role in emphasizing arguments. Can enhance the momentum of language. Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly; Used to express feelings, can express feelings to the fullest.
7. Question: The form is self-question and self-answer. Function: Arouse readers' interest and make them think. Structurally, it also plays a leading role, connecting the preceding with the following and making it clear. ; Used at the beginning or end of a paragraph, it can not only arouse thinking, but also play a transitional role in connecting the preceding with the following; When used in argumentative writing, the argument can be deepened and the context is clear.
8. rhetorical question: express affirmation in the form of negation, with the purpose of strengthening tone and playing an important role.
..... Common expression skills:
Common description techniques are: the combination of static and dynamic painting and the combination of virtual and real painting.
The common lyric techniques are: expressing one's feelings directly and expressing feelings by borrowing scenery.
In addition, there are contrasts and contrasts.
8. rhetorical question: express affirmation in the form of negation, with the purpose of strengthening tone and playing an important role.
* Features of the third pattern analysis language
Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.
Answer steps:
(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out language features.
(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
(3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
Example of answer:
Heartbroken in spring
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
A: The language characteristics of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a child's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).
* The fourth mode of font refining
Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?
Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps:
(1) Explain the meaning of this word in the sentence.
(2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene.
(3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Example of answer:
Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak.
Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). The word "look" alone vividly shows the sadness of parting (step 3).
* The word "the fifth mode" is poetic.
Q: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.
Answer steps:
The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea.
(2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry.
Example of answer:
One spring night, Li Bai heard the flute in Los Angeles.
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why?
A: "Folding willow" means "parting", and the theme of poetry is homesickness (the first step). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of the song "Broken Willow" (the second step). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.
* The sixth mode is emotional and thematic.
Q: What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed? What is the theme of this poem?
Question variant: What kind of social reality does this poem reflect? What kind of interest does this poem show? Or ask questions in combination with artistic conception, or ask questions for a sentence or a couplet.
Answer steps:
(1) What is written in each sentence (or related sentence) of the poem?
(2) What expression skills are used?
(3) What emotions are expressed?
For example, read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question. (8 points) (2006 National Volume II)
Nankezi Rebecca
The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind. The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.
(Note) ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refer to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.
(2) Try to analyze the content of Xiaque and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the poem.
A: It describes the life of peasants' hard struggle, and gives a sigh that "hard work on earth is three rural issues". (Step 1) (Skip step 2 because there is no special expression skill) It expresses farmers' desire for good weather and abundant crops. (Step 3)
Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question. (8 points) (2005 National Volume II)
Bai Juyi is homesick from winter to day in Handan.
Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
[Note] Winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.
(2) How did the author write Homesickness?
A: Late at night from the winter solstice, my family is still sitting around the lamp, talking about themselves as long-distance travelers. (Step 1) The author mainly expresses his homesickness through this imaginary picture. (Step 2). (The topic in the third step has explained emotions) (Imagine 1, and the picture is described as 2)
:: The seventh model assessment problem.
Question: the evaluation question is to list one or several poems first, and then quote the comments of ancient poetry critics or later generations on the characteristics of poems, asking you to judge whether this comment is correct or reasonable first, and then explain the reasons. This kind of question is similar to the judgment and reasoning question in the political history exam. In fact, this type of question is only a variation of the first six types of questions, and there is no direct question. Students need to analyze their own questions, whether they are content, theme or expression skills, and then combine the questions with poems to make appropriate statements.
Answer the idea:
(1) Examine the questions carefully.
(2) Read and understand poetry deeply.
(3) Answer questions in combination with poems and comments.
Attention to answering questions: closely follow the content of the poem and analyze it from point to surface; When explaining the reasons, you should stick to the key words of the comments.
Example of answer:
Chibi Du Mu
A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.
Someone once quoted "a grain of sand to see the world, half a flower to talk about human feelings" to summarize the artistic characteristics of this poem. Do you agree with this view? Please briefly explain.
Analysis: This is a typical poem evaluation question. The original intention of the poem is very clear, but the proposer borrows a western poem to summarize its artistic characteristics, so he should change his mind when answering. The so-called "a grain of sand sees the world, and half a flower talks about human feelings" means seeing the whole leopard from a small perspective. In this paper, Er Qiao, two daughters of Wu State, an unearthed cultural relic, is used to show the political changes during the Three Kingdoms period.
This is an epic poem, which expresses feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said that the content is big and the theme is big, but the poet expresses it through "small things" and "small things". This poem is a small cultural relic, "Broken halberd", which is associated with the turbulent years before the division of the Han Dynasty. Thinking of the heroes in the Chibi War can be said to be "seeing the world in a grain of sand". The last two sentences relate the fact that "Er Qiao" has not been caught to the big theme of Wu Dong's hegemony and tripartite confrontation, which is tangible and affectionate, and can be described as "half-petal talk about human feelings".
:: Comparative evaluation of the eighth mode.
Question: Give two or more poems for students to compare and read, and then analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences.
Answer the idea:
(1) Read through these poems and master their ideological content and main writing methods, including the background knowledge of the writers' works.
(2) It is necessary to combine the perspectives of comparison (ideological content, feelings, artistic techniques, writing methods, rhetorical methods, etc. ) Seek the difference of poetry in the stem.
(3) pay attention to the combination of point and surface, both overall analysis and specific analysis. Pay attention to clarity and hierarchy when expressing.
For example: 16. Read the following two ancient poems and then answer this question. (6 points) (2005 Zhejiang Volume)
Du Mu, a title of Qi 'an County, China.
On the bridge of Erji Sunset Creek, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow. How many violets depend on each other and hate each other, looking back at the west wind for a while.
Yang Wanli on the lotus pond at dusk
The grass shook its head and suddenly reported Nong, and the shawl stopped a westerly wind. The lotus is still hot at dusk, and its lower face is hidden in a blue umbrella.
(2) What expressions are used in these two poems to depict the image of "He"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics of "Lian" in the two poems and make a brief analysis. (4 points)
Analysis: There are two problems in the topic. The first question is about the similarities in expression, so we don't need to analyze them, just write them out. Of course, if you specify them, that's right. The second question needs to analyze the emotional differences expressed in these two poems, so we should answer these two aspects according to the emotional theme mode when answering questions.
A: The first question: They all use personified expressions.
The second question: the "violet" in the previous song has a "hate" and a "return to the west wind". (Step 1) It contains the poet's hatred, showing the feeling of sadness and injustice, with a sad tone. (Step 2)
The "Lotus" of the latter song was blown by the west wind and hid in the lotus leaf, which seemed to be "hot" but actually shy. (Step 1) Reveal the author's love and joy, with a lively and interesting tone. (Step 2)
-Special tips.
No matter what kind of questions you answer, you should try your best to cover the relevant content, expression skills and theme of the poem. For example, in the example of the fifth mode, the answer already contains the content and the main idea. If you add "the pun rhetoric of' folding willow' refers to both the music of folding willow heard and the life scene of folding willow in real life", it will be foolproof.
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