Physical Geography of Yellow Bud in Huoshan Mountain
Fresh leaves with yellow buds in Huoshan Mountain are delicate. Due to the high altitude and cold in mountainous areas, the excavation period is usually 3-5 days before Grain Rain, and the standard of picking one bud, one leaf and one bud and two leaves is displayed first. Yellow buds require good freshness of fresh leaves, and the collected fresh leaves should be thinned to lose surface moisture. Generally, it is prepared in the morning and afternoon and completed in the evening. Huoshan Mountain Range is located in the west of Anhui Province, which is connected with Dabie Mountain at the border of Henan, Hubei and Anhui. The elevation of the main peak of Baimajian1774m. The county seat is famous for its mountains. The Dabie Mountains and Huoshan Mountains in the southwest of Huoshan County run through the whole territory from southwest to northeast, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. Huoshan Mountain from southwest to northeast and Dabie Mountain from northwest to southeast have a sharp turn, commonly known as "Huoshan Arc". The upper reaches of the "Huoshan Arc" above the Foziling Reservoir are the main producing areas of Huoshan yellow buds at present.
The "Huoshan Arc" along the northwest, west, south and southeast borders of Huoshan County constitutes a series of barriers connected by mountains, forming a periphery higher than the central hinterland, and only the dam area of Foziling Reservoir is a long and narrow canyon mouth. The "Huoshan Arc" is 800 meters above sea level in Zhongshan District, with high mountains, steep slopes, deep valleys, cold winters and few tea trees. The branches and shoulders at an altitude of 400-800 meters are suitable for growing tea, and high-grade Huoshan yellow buds are mostly produced in this area. The low mountain valley basin in the upper reaches of the Dongpi River is an important producing area of Huoshan yellow bud (also known as Huoshan tea), with thick slope and fertile land, and there are Foziling and Mozitan reservoirs to regulate the climate. Huoshan County's land span is 3 1 degree -3 1 degree-3/minute east longitude 1 15 degree 55 minute-1 16 degree 43 minute. It belongs to the north subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, moderate heat and cold, great regional differences and great vertical changes.
Annual average temperature 15. 1℃, July average temperature 27.87℃,1October average temperature 2℃. There are few hot summers and winters, and the duration is not long. ⊙0℃ lasts for 336 days, and the annual accumulated temperature is 4700℃. The drop rate of maximum temperature with altitude is larger than usual, especially in summer, which can reach 0.7-0.8℃/ 100 m, and it is cool in summer in mountainous areas. There is often obvious inversion below 800 meters in mountainous areas. The high temperature weather at ≧35℃ in Chengguan lasts for 23 days, but the vertical decline rate is large, and there is almost no high temperature weather in mountainous areas above 500 meters.
The annual average radiation is 488. 18 kJ/cm2, the annual sunshine hours are 2 000-2 200 hours, and the annual sunshine rate is 47% (53% at most and 40% at least in history).
Precipitation Annual precipitation 1, 1, 000- 1, 600 mm, general altitude1000 m, average precipitation 60-70 mm, precipitation in the mountain is more than that outside the mountain. The precipitation in spring and summer accounts for about 70% of the whole year, and it is less in autumn and winter.
The relative humidity is 80% all the year round, and ≧80% of the days in the whole year are around 200 days, with less low humidity and dry weather.
The total number of foggy days in the whole year is about 24-33 days, and there are more in the mountains than outside. According to the observation of the county meteorological bureau, the annual precipitation of Baijiashan (the origin of genuine yellow buds) in Dahuaping Town, which is 500 meters above sea level, is 1.8 1.8 mm, and the average annual foggy days are 1.8 1 day.
Yellow brown soil is widely distributed in middle and low mountainous areas and hilly areas, mostly acidic and weakly acidic (pH5-6.5), with coarse yellow brown soil accounting for 96.84%. The soil-forming parent material is the residual slope deposit of weathering of various rocks, and the soil is in the early stage of development, with the characteristics of "coarse bone" and "thin layer" (it belongs to large gravel soil, and the soil layer is mostly less than 30 cm), with good permeability, poor fertility preservation and wide adaptability. According to 1984 soil survey, the average contents of various nutrients are: organic matter 2.5%, total nitrogen 0. 12%, available phosphorus 1 1 mg/kg, and available potassium 86 mg/kg.
Huoshan yellow buds are mainly produced in mountainous areas above 600 meters above sea level, such as Dahuaping, Jinzhuping, Jinjishan, Huoshaoling, Jinjiawan, Wumijian, Mozitan and Yangsanzhai. Here, the mountains are high and the clouds are light, the rain is abundant, the relative humidity of the air is high, there is much diffused light, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the soil is loose, the soil is fertile, the forest and tea are flourishing, and the ecological conditions are good.