Ma Chao's anecdotes and allusions
After Luo Guanzhong wrote the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chao's reputation spread widely. There are three descriptions of Ma Chao's image in the original work: 1. The young general has a face like a crown jade, eyes like a shooting star, a tiger body with an ape arm, a tiger belly and a wolf waist. Fufeng Maoling is also the son of Marten, whose name is Chao and the word Meng Qi. He is seventeen years old. Holding a pike, he sat down and ran out of the front. 2. A man with a pike looks rich in powder, with red ink on his lips, a thin waist and wide arms, and a fierce voice. He is also from Maoling, Fufeng, and his surname is Ma, and his name is Chao. No.1 player Pound and No.1 player Ma Dai lined up behind the eight masters. 3. Ma Chao rode out with a gun, wearing a lion's helmet and a beast belt, and wearing a white robe with silver armor: once extraordinary, two talents are outstanding. Liu Bei sighed and said, "People say Ma Chao is clever, and it really deserves its reputation!" Later, a large number of novels of later generations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties quoted Ma Chao's metaphor, such as "Qing Ping Shan Tang Huaben": "The eyebrows are sparse and beautiful, and the spirits are refreshing, such as Ma Chao in the Three Kingdoms, such as the words of Guan Suo, such as the living Guanyin in Xichuan, and the ice palace bell in Yuesi." The Story of Zen Truth: The golden crown shines and the saddle is carved with clouds. Brocade and fine armor are shining, halberd, snake and spear are painted and reflected. Ma Chao on the left was reincarnated, and Lu Bu on the right was reincarnated. The Romance of the Founding of the Tang Dynasty: a silver helmet with a brocade robe and a silk embroidered bear waist. King Jing, ten thousand enemies, is used to overtaking in bronze Marseille. Ma Chao has become a "handsome man" in classical masterpieces, novels, storytelling and operas.
① Emperor Ma Sheng and Marshal Ma Chao: Badehui Tibetan Hall in Taoyuan, Taiwan Province, with their brothers Matthew and Ma Tie as guardians. (2) General Zheng: In the Ming Dynasty, the official compilation of the Taoist classic "Orthodox Taoist Collection" recorded that Lei Chao was one of the 72 generals. 3 gatekeeper: After the late Qing Dynasty, Ma Chao was said to be the gatekeeper in Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi. ④ Others: In terms of folk arts and crafts, in Mianzhu, Fufeng, Xingping, Zhao Hua and other areas, there are also customs of making New Year pictures and paper-cutting with Ma Chao as the god on holidays. Ma Chao itself has a temple dedicated to Ma Chao, and there are also many places dedicated to Ma Chao's statues in Ma Chao's tomb, such as Wanrong Houtu Temple and Sanyi Palace in Zhuozhou (see the collection of Ma Chao's statues in various tombs). Some people call it "the patron saint of Qiang people".
Showing the Virtue and Punishing the Overlord: According to "Ear Talk" included in the volume of Sikuquanshu, Yang Tingyi, a native of Xindu County, Sichuan Province in the Ming Dynasty, was the third brother of Zaifu Yang Tinghe and an official. After his father died, Yang Tingyi bought a tomb for him. After excavation, he found a tall tombstone, which read: "Tomb of Ma Chao, General of Han Zuo". Yang Tingyi thought that this land of geomantic omen had been verified, so he buried his father there. Soon, Yang Tingyi dreamed of a man wearing a robe and jade belt and said to him, "I am General Han, don't invade my cemetery." Yang Tingting woke up and didn't take it to heart. Later, I dreamed that Ma Chao was holding a bow, and one arrow hit his left eye and the other hit his right eye. Yang Tingyi is blind in both eyes. But he decided that the burial place was a treasure trove of feng shui, so he was uncompromising and more determined. Later, I dreamed that Ma Chao was furious and said, "I will definitely bring you disaster." Soon after, several members of the Yang family, together with several businessmen, killed them all because they were greedy for their money. After the story was revealed, she was convicted of a felony in that year, and Yang Tingting was even sitting ducks and sentenced to abandon the market.
Liu Cai, a political participant in Sichuan at that time, saw this with his own eyes. Liu Shoufu, the magistrate of Changbao County, said: "The land is expensive because of Ma Chao, not because of Ma Chao. More than 200 people in Ma Chao's family were killed by Cao Cao. Only Ma Qiu, the son of Ma Chao, escaped and went to Zhang Lu. Later Ma Qiu was killed by Zhang Lu. " There is no mention of Ma Chao's descendants in Shu Zhi, so the extinction of Ma Jia can be imagined. Yang Tingyi is willing to commit suicide and seek uncertain feng shui for her children and grandchildren. It can be said that it is over-planned. "At first, Guan Yu heard that Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, because Ma Chao was not an old friend, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and asked Ma Chao who could compete with him. Zhuge Liang knew that Guan Yu was not willing to be inferior, and worried that Ma Chao's reputation for bravery would surpass him. So he wrote back to Guan Yu and said, "Ma Chao is a rare outstanding talent in this world, with both martial arts and skills. He is a man of peace. He can only stand side by side with Zhang Fei, but he can't reach your unique superior ability. " Guan Yu was very happy after reading the letter and showed it to all the guests.
"Yang Shan Gong Zi Ji" records that Liu Bei was very kind to Ma Chao when he just fell. Ma Chao spent half his life in improper manners and often called Liu Bei. Guan Yu was very angry and asked to kill Ma Chao. Liu Bei advised, "Ma Chao was at the end of his rope and joined me, so he killed him because he scolded me. How will he face the world in the future? " Zhang Fei also advised: "In this case, show him manners and he will understand." The next morning, when Ma Chao came to the meeting, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stood upright on both sides of Liu Bei with knives. Ma Chao looked around at the seats and didn't see Zhang Guan. He only saw Zhang Guan standing upright on both sides of Liu Bei with a knife. Since then, I have never called Liu Bei's name. The next day, I sighed, "I don't know why I failed." I called my master's name and was almost killed by Zhang Guan. " "The credibility of this matter is defined by Pei Songzhi as unreliable, because Guan Yu is not in Yizhou, and Ma Chao thought of a first-name basis. However, some scholars believe that Ma Chao is a warlord Lin Ju (Lin Ju belongs to Jingzhou), and Ma Chao was a warlord before he entered Shu, and Liu Bei was subordinate to his colleagues, so there is still some credibility.
Although there were many anecdotes between Guan Yu and Ma Chao, they were still called "Guan Ma" by Zhuge Liang. When Liu Bei was promoted to the king of Hanzhong, he made Huang Zhong a post-general. Zhuge Liang was worried about Huang Zhong's fame and didn't have time to let Guan Yu and Ma Chao put Huang Zhong and Guan Yu together. I'm afraid Guan Yu won't like it ① Story of the Three Kingdoms: Ma Chao was the grandson of Ma Yuan X, a cloud general in the hands of Guangwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Make good use of the ape arm to shoot, and have improper courage. In the battle of Tongguan, Xia Houdun, the leading soldier of Cao Cao, was shot by an arrow in front of the front line, which almost killed him and defeated Cao Jun. Later, Cao Cao got the credit from Lou Zibo of Huashan Mountain, alienated Han Sui, and Ma Chao retreated to Jianguan to vote for Zhang Lu, then attacked Yangpingguan, defeated Wei Yan with one arrow and voted for Liu Bei, and was named the third "Tiger General".
② Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Ma Chao is one of the five generals of Liu Bei. He is good at using pike, fencing, archery and defending arrows. He is also good at forging bronze in hidden weapons (Meteor Hammer), and is called "General Shenweitian" by Qiang people. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Lu Bu's LiGuo Department expelled Wang Fang and Mona Lee before they were killed in Chang 'an.
Later, Cao Cao lured and killed Marten, and Ma Chao joined forces with Han Sui to fight Cao Cao to avenge his father's death, and defeated Cao Cao's Tongguan generals in a row, including three rounds (revised and revised to twenty rounds in the late Qing Dynasty), and defeated the general Zhang He, and picked a few shots at Li Tong, so that Cao Cao had to abandon his robe and almost died. Chasing Cao Cao in Weishui, Cao Cao almost died again. To make matters worse, Chu Xu, a tiger idiot who is known as "Why can't help Lu", played more than 200 rounds, and Chu Xu went shirtless to abandon his sword and clip his gun. Under the attack of Xia, Cao Hong and Liu, he was still killed by Ma Chao to the ditch. Due to Jia Xu's deviance and internal division, Ma Chao defeated the five great masters of Liangzhou with his sword, but the tide was gone and Liangzhou was defeated.
Soon, Ma Chao set out to establish a separatist regime, but was repelled by Xia, yangfu and others. On the battlefield, when Yang Fuling sent seven brothers to besiege Ma Chao, Ma Chao was a pair of eight. All seven brothers of yangfu were killed by Ma Chao, and yangfu was shot several times. Ma Chao went to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong and was ordered to rescue Liu Zhang who was attacked by Liu Beijun. He fought with Zhang Fei for more than 200 rounds, and then he passed the critical stage, regardless of the outcome. Finally, he joined forces with Liu Bei to surrender to Liu Zhang, and was active in the battle of Hanzhong. Ma Chao guarded Xipingguan and ordered Qiang, one of the five soldiers who attacked Shu, to retreat without a fight, and died after attacking Yangpingguan.
(3) Romance of the Three Kingdoms: a classic novel of the Republic of China featuring Ma Chao. In the book, Ma Chao helped Liu Bei to fight in the north, eventually destroying Wei, unifying the world and returning to the west. Lian Liru described Ma Chao's gun as a "five-hook flying silver gun" with a white mount. In Yuan Kuocheng's version of the ballad, Ma Chao's mount is a "Jade Dragon Pony at Fendian", and he also tells the story of the vest "36-way broken gun". Before Guan, Ma Chao almost picked Zhang Fei out with three shots. In Dan Tianfang's storytelling, Ma Chao's weapon is a "golden gun with a tiger's head" and his mount is a "thousand-mile dragon". In addition, Ma Chao is similar in many storytelling, which shows that Ma Chao is as brave as Lu Bu.
In Zhang Helu's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ma Chao used a tiger's head to show a golden gun, and his trick was to return the horse with three hammers. Jin, known as the flying general, can't be defeated by ten thousand people. On the Tongguan wheel, Cao Cao's twelve valiant soldiers won in a row, and Lien Chan's Zhang Fei, Zhang Bao, Huang Zhong and Yan Yan were unstoppable. Lien Chan and Han General Cao Zhang, but Ma Chao is the best. There is even such a sentence in the storytelling: "Among the Three Kingdoms, Lu Bu is not as good as Ma Chao." In classical operas and dramas, Ma Chao is mostly a martial artist, and Su, Xia and Liang Huichao are known as the "living Ma Chao" in Peking Opera. Six-year-old Yu Rongguang and Cai Kangyong both played Ma Chao in War Horse Super.
Drama stories featuring Ma Chao mainly include Returning to a Land Without Food, Anti-Western Cool, Fighting Jizhou, Guan, Two Commanders, Taking Chengdu, etc. The image of Ma Chao in Beijing Opera is described as "the courage of tigers and leopards". Among many Peking operas related to Cao Cao, the biggest disaster in Cao Cao's life was "Tongguan meets Ma Chao", and Zhuge Liang even said that "Ma Chao is rare in the world". Bai Yukun played Ma Chao in Meng Jiaguan, and changed from an old soldier to a handsome martial artist, thus becoming today's Guan. Wu, the son who helped Bai Yukun, learned his style of play and passed it on to his son and apprentice Lan Yuechun. He renamed War Horse Super Two Generals, which became Li Wanchun's famous work. Xia, a southern martial artist, combined his own housekeeping dramas, Anti-Western Cool, Fighting Weinan, Fighting Jizhou and Deceiving Licheng into one or four, making him famous in the south of the Yangtze River.
Due to the prevalence of folk operas, there is a saying that "Ma Bei's saddle will hang his robe, and the heroes of the Three Kingdoms will belong to Ma Chao". Tv series/movie player 1994 romance of the three kingdoms an Yaping 2008 romance of the three kingdoms Meng and Wu 20 10 romance of the three kingdoms 20 15 Edward Zhang.