Harvest time of sweet potato and problems needing attention (when is the best harvest of sweet potato)
The sweet potato will be harvested soon. The key to planting well and growing well is a good harvest. If the harvest is good, the yield and quality can be maintained, which is convenient for processing and storage. So, when should sweet potatoes be harvested? What should I pay attention to when harvesting?
The most important thing is to grasp the timing of sweet potato harvest, which determines the yield and quality of sweet potato and affects the processing and storage of sweet potato. Therefore, strict harvesting of sweet potatoes is the most important issue.
Because of its strong adaptability, sweet potatoes are planted all over China, north and south of the great river, inside and outside the Great Wall. Due to the great differences in climatic conditions, the sweet potato harvest time in different planting areas is also different.
The harvest time of sweet potato is determined according to the growth and development characteristics of sweet potato, the demand for natural environmental conditions, the growth and development status and its use.
Sweet potato is a kind of crop that likes temperature and fears freezing. This growth characteristic determines that sweet potato should be harvested before and after the first frost solar term.
The solar terms will not necessarily drop during the first frost. Even in the light frost after the first frost, sweet potatoes can be harvested, but the harvest of sweet potatoes should be completed before the first frost at the latest. Which month has the best harvest?
Sweet potato usually ripens between August and 165438+ 10. Sweet potatoes that ripen in August are usually sown in March and will ripen in 4 or 5 months.
Sweet potatoes that are ripe from September to 10 are usually sown in June, with sufficient sunshine and good quality and taste.
The late-maturing time of sweet potato is generally around 1 1 month. The sweet potato that is mature in this season is planted in June and July, which belongs to late-maturing varieties.
Generally, the peak of sweet potato harvest is 5438+ 10 in June, but due to the different planting time of sweet potato in different regions, the harvest time will be different.
According to the planting time of sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes planted in May-June are generally harvested in the middle and late June of 10, and then harvested from the first ten days of1kloc-0/65438 to before frost. The harvest time of sweet potato can refer to the following signs:
When the temperature is 1 and the average temperature drops to about 15℃, harvest is carried out.
Sweet potato has stopped growing at this temperature. When the temperature drops below 10℃, sweet potato will suffer from chilling injury and freezing injury in the field, which will affect the quality and storage of sweet potato.
Therefore, when the average temperature is 15℃, sweet potatoes can be harvested when they basically stop growing.
If the harvest is too late, the starch in sweet potato tuber will be more converted into water and sugar at low temperature.
The decrease of starch content and the increase of sugar content will make sweet potato suffer from cold injury and freezing injury, become intolerant of storage, easy to rot, breed bacteria and deteriorate, and even more unfavorable to storage, transportation and processing.
2. Harvest the sweet potato stems and vines in time from the stop of growth to the first frost.
Sweet potato likes warm and cold, so it should be harvested in time to avoid freezing. From the appearance, the vines stop growing, which means that the sweet potato blocks stop developing.
When the photosynthesis of stems and leaves stops, it means that the potato blocks no longer synthesize and accumulate starch, so the potato blocks no longer expand and develop, and harvest is carried out at this time.
In addition, when the stems and leaves stop growing, they will gradually wither and turn yellow. Once beaten by frost, the stems and leaves will turn black and die.
After the first frost comes, the weather will gradually turn cold and cold. The effect of the first frost on the untapped sweet potato is obvious. Frosted stems and leaves will wither, turn black and die quickly, so they should be harvested as early as possible in the first frost period and planed into the cellar.
It is best to harvest sweet potatoes before the first frost. In frost, sweet potato will suffer from freezing injury and freezing injury, which will affect storage and processing.
Therefore, when the first frost comes and the sweet potato vines stop growing, it is the best time to harvest sweet potatoes.
3. Determine the harvest time according to the use and price of sweet potato.
Because the spring potato grows for a long time, it should be harvested earlier than the summer potato, so as to plant the stubble in time and plant winter wheat. Sweet potato for starch processing should be harvested sooner rather than later, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are generally harvested before the middle of 10.
Edible sweet potatoes can be harvested early or late, and the harvest time should be flexibly grasped according to the price market. Early market can be harvested in advance, and late harvest can increase sugar and quality.
However, if the sweet potato is harvested too early, it will shorten the final expansion period and reduce the yield, so it is necessary to fully consider the harvesting opportunity and achieve high efficiency.
Therefore, sweet potato harvest should not be too early or too late. In order to ensure the yield, quality and planting benefit, it is necessary to grasp the harvest opportunity flexibly.
4. Other environmental factors, such as weather conditions and soil moisture, should be considered when determining the harvest time of sweet potato.
If the soil is too wet or too dry, it is not conducive to harvest. If the soil is too dry, the temperature of potato chips will be greatly affected by the temperature. Once the temperature drops suddenly, potato chips will suffer from freezing damage.
If it is too wet, the harvested sweet potato will be unfavorable for storage because of its high water content. one
Generally, sweet potatoes should be harvested in time when the air is dry and the soil is dry. This weather is the best time to harvest sweet potatoes. At this time, harvesting sweet potatoes to obtain starch is beneficial to slicing, drying and storage.
For edible sweet potatoes, it is beneficial to reduce the water content of potato pieces and prolong the storage period. When the soil is too wet, the seedlings and vines should be cut off in time to increase the light transmittance, so as to dry the potato ridge and disperse the water, and then harvest it when the humidity is suitable. So harvesting sweet potatoes depends on the weather.