Ask the original name and pen name of modern writers and the origin of pen names.

Many writers in China use pen names instead of original names when publishing their works. There are many reasons for using pseudonyms. Some writers started writing as early as the new democratic revolution. Under the conditions of white terror at that time, in order not to expose his identity and avoid being persecuted by the enemy, he could only publish articles under a pseudonym. Some writers use pen names to express their feelings or wishes; Some writers like to use their own pseudonyms to study famous books; Other writers use their original homonyms to publish articles, and so on. Because these writers' articles have long been crowned with pen names. Over time, readers can only remember pen names, but don't know their original names.

■ The origin of the pen name "Lu Xun"

Before using the name "Lu Xun", our great writers had names such as Zhang, Zhou Zhangshou, Yu Shan and so on.

Zhang was shot by his grandfather Zhou Fuqing. Lu Xun 188 1 September was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His grandfather Zhou Fuqing was an official in Beijing at that time. The good news of having a grandson reached him. It happened that Zhang Zhidong was visiting, and his grandfather named his grandson "Zhang" after what happened to him. Later, it was named "Zhang Shou" and "Yushan" by homophonic. Lu Xun entered a private school at the age of seven, which was named after it.

Shaoxing dialect is similar to "Yushan" and "Umbrella", so when Lu Xun was at school, his classmates often made fun of him, so he asked his grandfather to change his name, then changed it to "Yuting" and then changed it to "Yucai".

1898, 17-year-old Lu Xun left his hometown and came to Nanjing. He defected to an uncle named Jiao Sheng and entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy.

Zhou Jiaosheng himself was an official in the Navy Academy, but he was extremely contemptuous of this westernization school. He thinks that it is really "noble" for his descendants to come here to be a flag-waving sailor instead of paying homage to their ancestors. In order not to embarrass the ancestors in the grave, he felt that Lu Xun should not use the name in the genealogy, so he changed the real name of "Zhang Shou" to "Shu Ren", which means "it takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes a hundred years to plant trees".

19 18 In May, with the encouragement and introduction of money, Lu Xun published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in the history of modern literature in China, and used the pseudonym "Lu Xun" for the first time. Before "Lu Xun", he also used the pseudonym "Lu Xun".

Lu Xun used more than 140 pen names in his life, and Wenda became famous under the pen name of "Lu Xun". Xu Shoushang once explained this:

(1) mother surnamed lu,

(2) Zhou Lu is a country with the same surname.

(3) take the meaning of being stupid and quick.

But it is not clear whether this is Lu Xun's original intention.

■ The origin of the pen name "Ai Qing"

Ai Qing was originally named Jiang Haicheng. 193 1 year, when the September 18th Incident broke out, Ai Qing was studying in France. He and many French youths who stayed in China were discriminated against and insulted in Paris. One day, when Ai Qing went to a hotel to check in, the hotel staff asked his name. Ai Qing said that his name was Jiang Haicheng, but the other party mistakenly thought it was "Chiang Kai-shek" and immediately shouted. In a rage, Ai Qing put an "X" under the cursive prefix of "Jiang", took the hometown homonym of "Cheng" as "Qing" and filled in "Ai Qing" when registering. Since then, this name has been used.

References:

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■ The origin of the pen name "Ba Jin"

Ba Jin is a famous modern writer and an outstanding language master. The most influential novel Home is his early masterpiece. Through the inside story of a big bureaucratic landlord family, the novel profoundly exposes the darkness and decay of feudal society, accuses the old ethics and the evils of the old forces, and praises the awakening of intellectual youth in the early May 4th Movement and their struggle with the feudal forces. With its profound ideological content and exquisite and unique artistic style, it has won readers' love and inspired young intellectuals to resist feudal ethics and pursue bright happiness, and it still has anti-feudal significance.

Ba Jin was born in a big bureaucratic landlord family in Chengdu, Sichuan. Li's original name is Shang Xiang. They are the generation of Yao, Ba Jin's eldest brother is, and his third brother is Lin Yao. There are three Gan Tang poems in The Book of Songs South of Zhao Guofeng, which consists of three chapters. The first sentence of each chapter is covered with the sentence of "Gai Gan Tang", and the last words of Ba Jin's original name are "Tang" and "Bi Gan". "Bi Gan" and "Li Yigan" are the pen names of Ba Jin's early published articles and translations, so they have long been mistaken for his original names.

1927, when he was living in France, he made some friends, one of whom was Barnbo. Soon, I heard that Barnes drowned himself in hot water. Although I don't know this friend very well, I am deeply distressed. Later, I chose the pseudonym "Ba Jin", which is the name of my friend who committed suicide. As for the word "gold" in the pen name, it was thought of by an Anhui friend of his. At that time, he had just translated the first half of Kropotkin's Ethics, and the English version of the book was still on the table. When my friend heard that he was looking for a memorable word as his pen name (surname "Ba"), he jokingly said the word "Jin". He took the advice of his friends, and from then on, the pen name "Ba Jin" had a rare surname and an ordinary word.

1In August, 928, he wrote the novel Death for the first time under the pseudonym "Ba Jin" and sent it to his friend Sophie, who is the sales manager of Ming Kai Bookstore. Sophie, after receiving the manuscript, immediately handed it over to Mr. Ye Shengtao, because Zheng Zhenduo had gone abroad at that time and Ye Shengtao was editing the Novel Monthly. Ye Shengtao saw Death and thought it was very good, so he published it. As a result, the name "Ba Jin" began to radiate brilliant brilliance in the literary world.

■ The origin of the pen name "Lao She"

Lao She, formerly named, divided the word "book" into "house" and "language" and named it "book house language". Later, he simply called it "Lao She". The reason is that I am used to the relatives' names when my friends meet in the north, such as "Lao Wang, Ma Lao" and so on. In addition, there are the meanings of self-sacrifice and self-motivation, and "who is it?"

■ The origin of the pen name "Bing Xin"

Since Bing Xin published her works under a pseudonym, she has won numerous honors, and even her real name, Xie Wanying, has been eclipsed by her pseudonym. What is the origin of the pen name "Bing Xin"?

19 19, when Bing Xin published his first novel Two Families, he used "Bing Xin" as his pen name for the first time. According to Bing Xin, "At that time, I didn't want my classmates to know that I wrote the article. Bing Xin's strokes were simple and easy to write, which was consistent with my real name. After I was born, my grandfather asked a fortune teller to tell my fortune. The fortune teller said I should be a man, and I was hit by satellites. He also said that I was short of fire. So my second uncle named me' Wan Ying', and there are two words' fire' on the prefix' English'. "

■ The origin of the pen name "Cao Yu"

Cao Yu is taken from the traditional "Wan", and his surname is Wan. Looking apart, it is Cao Yu, who took Cao Yu instead of Cao Zi, hence the name Cao Yu.

■ Appendix 1: the origin of the writer's pen name

1. Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren)

In April of 19 18, he published Diary of a Madman, in which he used the name of Lu Xun. He explained his pen name like this: first, his mother's surname is Lu; Second, Zhou Lu is a country with the same surname; Third, take the meaning of being stupid and quick.

2. Ba Jin (Li Yaotang)

When Ba Jin was studying in France, a classmate named Ba committed suicide. In memory of him, he took Ba as his surname. One of his friends also gave him an easy-to-remember name "Jin", so the name "Ba Jin" was born, and he used it in the book "Death".

3. Cao Yu (Wan Jiabao)

Cao Yu is taken from the traditional "Wan", and his surname is Wan. Looking apart, it is Cao Yu, who took Cao Yu instead of Cao Zi, hence the name Cao Yu.

4. Bing Xin (Xie Wanying)

Bing Xin was exposed to China's classical writing when he was a child, and especially liked Tang poetry. She especially appreciates the poem "Lotus Inn and Xin Jian Parting" written by Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and especially likes the poem "There is a piece of ice in the jade pot". In order to show that she didn't go along with the underworld, she took Bing Xin as her pen name.

5. Gorky (Alexei Bi Shikov)

Gorky means "pain" in Russian, so why did he take this name? It turned out that his parents died when he was a child, and after studying for two years, he began to make a living in society and suffered a lot from human suffering. In order to commemorate his experience, he took the pen name "Gorky".

6. Zhang Henshui (Zhang Xinyuan)

The name "Hate Water" was a pseudonym he 17 took when he first contributed in Suzhou. From the word "Meet You Huan" written by Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. When is it heavy? People naturally grow up and hate water flowing east. "Zhang Henshui childhood love words. After reading the word Li Houzhu, he thought that life was limited and time could not pass in vain like running water, so he took this pen name.

7. Zhu Ziqing (Zhu Zihua)

19 17, 20-year-old Zhu Ziqing "felt that his family's economic situation was not good, and in order to encourage himself not to become a layman, he changed his name to Ziqing. The word "self-purification" comes from Chu Ci Bu Ju: "You would rather be honest and clean than self-purification? "This means being honest and keeping your innocence.

8. Dai Wangshu (Dai Chaozong)

The pen name "Wang Shu" is taken from Qu Yuan's Li Sao: "Wang Shu was a pioneer before, and Fei Lian was a subordinate after." The mythical God Wang Shu, who drives the moon, later became the name of the moon. The moon can be used as a symbol of love in ancient poems. The obscurity of moonlight is consistent with the obscurity of Dai Wangshu's poems. The pen name implies the poet's poetic content and style.

9. Lao She (Shu Qingchun)

Lao She took "Shu" as his surname, and his "Sheyu" was also taken from his surname.

10. Jin Yong (Cha Liang Yong)

Jin Yong comes from the last arrow.

1 1. Liu (Liu Yuzan)

The pen name "White" comes from Lu Lun's "Xia Sai Qu" in the Tang Dynasty: "There is darkness in the forest, and the general tries to shoot at night. The next morning, he found his white arrow deeply stuck in the hard rock. " This poem describes the legend of Li Guang's killing tigers recorded in Historical Records and Biography of General Li. "When you went hunting, you saw a stone in the grass, and you tried to beat it with the idea of playing tiger, but the stone didn't succeed. See it, Shi Ye. " The "white feather" in the poem is not a soft goose feather, but an arrow feather. This pen name embodies the writer's ambition to take famous historical figures as models, fight in the battlefield and serve the motherland. Later, Liu also published essays under the pseudonym of "Stone Ridge", which also originated from this.

12. Qiong Yao (Chen Zhe)

Qiong Yao is from The Book of Songs Feng Wei Papaya: "Give me a peach and report it to Qiong Yao." This is a sweet love poem, and its pen name perfectly reflects Qiong Yao's position as a romantic writer.

■ Appendix II: The source of pen names of eleven famous writers.

1. Xu Shoushang, a good friend of Lu Xun, once asked Lu Xun what the pen name "Lu Xun" at the end of 1920 meant? Lu Xun's answer is: first, the mother's surname is Lu; Second, Zhou Lu is a country with the same surname; Third, take the meaning of being stupid and quick.

2.1In August, 927, Mao Dun was wanted by Chiang Kai-shek's government and could not publish his works under his real name. After completing the writing of Disillusionment, he signed "Contradiction" and published it in Novel Monthly. I chose the name "contradiction" because I saw many contradictions in my life and thoughts. At first glance, Mr. Ye Shengtao, editor-in-chief of Novel Monthly, thought that the word "contradiction" was a pseudonym, so he added a grass head to the word "spear" for fear of attracting the attention of the government and causing trouble.

Third, the pseudonym "Ba Jin" has nothing to do with anarchism. Ba Lao once introduced the origin of this pen name in the article "Talking about Death": "Ba" came from a classmate named "Ba", and Ba Lao committed suicide because of drowning, which was very painful; "Gold" was taken by an Anhui friend who studied philosophy. Ba Lao wanted to find a memorable word, so this classmate said the word "gold" half jokingly.

Fourth, the word "Cao Yu" comes from "Wan". The traditional Chinese character of "Wan" is "Wan", with "Mi" above and "Yu" below. Because the word "rice" is not like a surname, the author chose the word "Cao" according to the homonym.

The name "Xu Zhimo" was chosen by his father. It turned out that when the poet was "grasping Zhou", an ambitious monk came home and touched the poet's head and said, "This son will become a great musical instrument in the future." This is exactly what Xu Fu wanted, so he asked his son to be called "Zhimo"-wisdom and a monk to wipe his head.

6. In the name of "Qin Mother", it is intended to attack the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang: overthrow "Qin", that is, the Kuomintang regime, and establish an idyllic and peaceful life.

7. Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun are lovers. At that time, they had corresponded with Lu Xun and took Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun as pen names respectively. Together, the two pen names mean "Little Red Army", which shows their yearning for the revolution.

Eight, Zhang Henshui used this pen name from 19 14, which was taken from Li Houzhu's poem "People hate water when they grow up", meaning to encourage themselves to seize the time and cherish their lives.

9. 1930 Gao Shi returned from the United States and the country was devastated. He felt sorry for it. I changed my name to Gao Shiqi to express my ambition: "If you lose someone, you don't want to be an official. If you lose gold, you don't want money!" "Gao Shiqi" later became his official name.

10. Yang Mo grew up in Amore. She once discussed with her third sister, Yang Shulin, and they were named Mo and Yang respectively according to their ranking. Later, according to the homonym, it was written as "Yang" instead of "Jun" and "Yang at the end". However, she always felt that the word "silence" was incompatible with her cheerful personality, so she changed it to "Yang Mo" according to the homonym, meaning that she would like to be a fine drop of water in the revolutionary ocean.

Xi。 Yan Wenjing is from Hubei. There is no difference between the "Jin" of the front nasal sound and the "Jing" of the back nasal sound in Mandarin, and "Jin" is often pronounced as "Yan Wenjing", so a group of his literary friends simply delete the compound word and write it as "Yan Wenjing". Later, he himself accepted this name with hometown color.