High school geography. Seek all the knowledge about Qinling, Huaihe River, Hexi Corridor and China climate! ! ! The more detailed, the better! ! !
1. Climate in China: Characteristics and Causes of Temperature Distribution in Winter and Summer;
2. The distribution characteristics and causes of annual precipitation, and the influence of monsoon activity on precipitation;
3. Monsoon area and non-monsoon area;
4, the main characteristics of the climate, the main meteorological disasters and their impact on production and life;
Important and difficult
1 Characteristics and causes of temperature distribution in winter and summer; (emphasis+difficulty)
2. The causes and distribution of climate in China; (emphasis+difficulty)
3. Hydrological characteristics of important rivers in China; (key)
4. Classification and characteristics of lakes in China. (key)
A little Linxi
Based on the floods in the Yangtze River basin, the characteristics and countermeasures of rivers and lakes in China are discussed.
Course arrangement 2 class hours
Knowledge interpretation
Section 1 Weather and Climate in China
I. Satellite images
Blue ocean; Green space; Baiyun rainy area. The thicker the white, the thicker the clouds and the heavier the rain.
Second, the temperature distribution and temperature zone
(1) function
There is a great temperature difference between north and south in winter. Reasons: ① the height of the north and south sun; ② The daytime is long; (3) The terrain prevents the winter wind from going south, and the temperature drop in the south is small (the low temperature in the northeast is related to the flat terrain in the northwest Daxinganling Mountains and the strong winter wind); ④ Distance from winter wind source.
In summer, the temperature in the north and south is generally high (except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tianshan Mountains and Daxing 'anling Mountains).
△ Look at the isotherm chart in January. note:
①0℃ isotherm-Qinling-Huaihe River
② Isotope density (compared with July isotherm)
③ Several isotherm bends: at the intersection of Hengduan mountains and rivers, the valley isotherm is convex in the north and the mountain isotherm is convex in the south; Yarlung Zangbo river basin: the isotherm rises upstream; The valley near Lanzhou.
④ Influence of topography on winter wind: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Province are hardly affected by winter wind.
⑤ Minimum temperature-Mohe River
△ Look at the isotherm chart in July. note:
① The causes of isotherm bending in Fenhe River, Weihe River, Yellow River Basin and Yarlung Zangbo River Basin.
② Genesis and sealing of high temperature in Turpan Basin.
③ The reason of isotherm closure in Taiwan Province Island and Hainan Island.
(2) Compare the differences between winter monsoon and summer monsoon in China:
classify
content
Winter wind
summer monsoon
Yuan Di
Mongolia, Siberia
Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean
wind direction
north wind
Southwestern monsoon
gender
Cold and dry
Warm and humid
sphere of influence
Besides Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Taiwan Province Province and Hainan Island.
Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Bayankala-East of Gangdise Mountain
Law of activity
From September 10 every year to April and May of the following year, there are explosive activities and they move southward rapidly.
Push from south to north. May to the south coast, June to the Yangtze River valley, July and August to North China and Northeast China, September to the south, 10 from the mainland.
Impact on climate
Make the temperature drop in most areas.
The precipitation in the arrival area increased.
(3) Accumulated temperature and crop maturity in each temperature zone.
temperature band
range
Accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃
Crop maturity
Low temperature zone
Northern Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Inner Mongolia
& lt 1600℃
Once a year. Early-maturing spring wheat, barley, potatoes, etc.
Middle temperate zone
Northeast China and most of Inner Mongolia, northern Xinjiang.
1600—3400℃
Once a year. Spring wheat, soybean, corn, millet, sorghum, etc.
warm temperate zone
The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and most of southern Xinjiang.
3400—4500℃
Triple cropping in two years or double cropping in one year. Multiple cropping buckwheat in winter wheat, or multiple cropping corn, millet and sweet potato in winter wheat.
Subtropical region
South of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
4500—8000℃
Two or three seasons a year. Double cropping system of rice and wheat. Double cropping rice with winter rape or winter wheat
tropical zone
Southern Yunnan, Guangdong, Taiwan Province and Hainan provinces.
& gt8000℃
Rice is cooked three times a year. sugarcane
Note: Gansu is the largest province in the trans-temperature zone.
▲ Compare the natural conditions and agricultural differences between the north and south of the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River.
South of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains
North of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains
temperature band
Tropical and subtropical regions
Warm temperate zone, middle temperate zone
Monthly average temperature in a month
Greater than 0℃
lower than 0 ℃
Dry and humid conditions
Wet area
Semi-humid and semi-arid areas
annual precipitation
Over 800 mm
Less than 800 mm
Is the river frozen?
Rivers don't freeze in winter.
Rivers freeze in winter.
plant
Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest
Cultivated land type
paddy field
land
grain crops
paddy field
Wheat, corn, sorghum
commercial crop
Sugarcane, rape, cotton
Beets, soybeans, cotton
Third, precipitation
(1) Regional distribution law: decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. 800 mm isoprecipitation line.
Please note when reading the precipitation distribution map:
(1) the northeast-east of Changbai mountain annual precipitation is 800 mm.
② windward slope in western Xinjiang
③ Yarlung Zangbo River Basin.
④ Huangshui River Basin
⑤ Mountain windward slope in southeast humid area
⑥ Difference of precipitation between Taiwan Province Island and Hainan Island.
⑦ The rainfall is the most-the average annual rainfall in Huoshaoliao, Taiwan Province Province is 6558 mm ... Reason: topography, summer monsoon.
The rainfall is the least-Toksun in Turpan has an average annual rainfall of 5.9mm.. The reasons are: topography and inland.
⑧ sedimentation and architecture
(2) The boundary between monsoon area and non-monsoon area: Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Bayankala-Gangdise Mountain.
(3) Time distribution law: precipitation is concentrated in summer and autumn, mostly in May-September. Generally speaking, the rainy season in the south starts early and ends late, and the rainy season is long; The rainy season in the north starts late and ends early, and the rainy season is short.
▲ Passing law of rain belt:
Mid-May: South China. Pay attention to the influence of Nanling on rain belt
Mid-June: the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Meiyu season. Pay attention to Huangshui Valley. Jianghuai quasi-static front: the cold and warm air masses are evenly matched.
Mid-July and August: North China and Northeast China. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River-summer drought (subtropical high control). Pay attention to Huangshui River Basin and Yarlung Zangbo River Basin.
September: retreat to Jiangnan.
65438+ 10 month: the continental summer monsoon disappears.
(4) Inter-annual change: South Small University and North University.
(5) Dry and wet areas-according to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation.
Read the division map of dry and wet areas in China;
① The reason why the wet area in Northeast China is greater than 800mm precipitation range is that the evaporation is small.
② The 400mm precipitation area in Huangshui River Basin and Yarlung Zangbo River Basin is large, but the semi-humid area is small and the semi-arid area is large. The reason why the 400mm and 800mm precipitation areas in northwest Xinjiang are semi-arid areas is because of the large evaporation.
③ The reason of semi-humid area on the west side of Hainan Island: less precipitation and large evaporation.
④ Provinces with the most dry and wet areas: Gansu, Tibet, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia.
Four. Climatic characteristics
(1) The continental monsoon climate is remarkable. There are many desert reasons at the same latitude.
(2) The rain and heat are in the same period. Summer heat is a major advantage of climate resources in China. The planting boundary of rice and cotton is in the north.
(3) The climate is complex and diverse: it is suitable for the growth of various crops, animals and plants.
Section 2 Rivers and Lakes in China
I. Internal flow area and external flow area
Outflow river: a river that finally flows into the ocean (mainly into the Pacific Ocean, Nujiang River, Yarlung Zangbo River, etc.). , into the Indian Ocean. The only river that flows into the Arctic Ocean is the Irtysh River.
Inland River: A river that does not finally flow into the ocean, Tarim River, the largest inland river in China.
The dividing line between inner and outer flow areas: Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-the eastern end of Qilian Mountain, and the southern section is close to 200mm isohyet.
region
range
Occupy national territory
It accounts for the total water volume of the country.
inland area
Inland river basin
1/3
Less than 5%
Outer black area
Outflow river basin
2/3
Over 95%
Note: the inner flow area of the Yellow River Ziwan; The inner flow area between Songhua River and Heilongjiang in Heilongjiang Province; South outflow area of Altai Mountain.