Qingliang Temple, the head of the Ma family and twelve well-known Qingliang Temples in China

Ma Yiying/Article

Introduction

I was curious and searched "Qingliang Temple" on Baidu. It turns out that there are many temples called "Qingliang Temple" in China. Currently, there are twelve well-known ones that we know of.

Huayan Temple, the ancestral home of Huayan Sect, one of the "Eight Buddhist Schools", Dazhu Pure Land Temple, the first pure land monastery in eastern Sichuan, Dazhu Yunwu Temple, known as "Little Emei in eastern Sichuan", the Sixth Patriarch The Tianlu Temple on the "Holy Mountain of the Sixth Patriarch" in my hometown once invited Monk Daozhen, the fifth-generation abbot of Changjuan Qingliang Temple, as its professor. These four ancient temples are all famous Buddhist holy places in the country. Being able to invite him to teach Buddhism shows that at that time The status and influence of Changjuan Qingliang Temple and Monk Daozhen in the Buddhist world.

From Qingliang Temple to Changjuan during the Republic of China, in addition to Qingliang Temple, there were also Lingguang Temple, Wutong Temple, Nanmushan Temple, Elilijie Baima Xianniang Temple, Huayan Temple, Chaoyang Temple Nunnery, Xiying Nunnery, Mao'an Hall, Lei Wang Temple and many other places; many famous domestic monks travel here, and the incense continues all year round.

Overview

Part One, Twelve Well-known Qingliang Temples in China:

N O.1

Liangyuan District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province The Qingliang Temple on Qingliang Terrace in Wanglou Township was built in the Warring States Period (476 BC - 221 BC) and is a royal temple. Qingliang Terrace was called Qingling Terrace in ancient times, and there was a pool under the terrace named Qingling Pool. It was the palace of King Xiao of Liang in the Western Han Dynasty, and was one of the seven terraces and eight scenic spots in Liang Garden in the past.

N O.2

Qingliang Temple, five kilometers northwest of Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, was first built in the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC - 8 AD) and expanded in the Tang Dynasty Dynasty, reaching its peak stage in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Emperors such as Kangxi, Qianlong and Xianfeng came to the temple to offer incense and worship Buddha. It also attracted many literati from past dynasties to visit the temple and left more than 60 original inscriptions and poems. It is of extremely precious value for the study of history and calligraphy.

N O.3

The Qingliang Temple at the top of Kangjia Mountain outside Beiguan, the old city of Wugong County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, was first built in the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) . It was originally the summer resort of the patriotic hero Su Wu's family, and was later donated to the Buddhist family to build a Buddhist temple.

N O.4

The Qingliang Temple in Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province was built in the Southern Dynasties (420-589). The eminent monk Wenyi Zen Master lives in the temple and founded the Fayan Sect, one of the five Zen schools of Chinese Buddhism. Li Min, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, once came here to escape the summer heat. The idiom "To untie the bell, you must tie the bell" comes from this temple.

N O.5

The Qingliang Temple in Mount Wutai, Shanxi, was built between the second year of Yanxing and the seventeenth year of Taihe (472-493), the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Qingliang Stone is the symbol of Qingliang Temple. Manjusri Bodhisattva once preached on Qingliang Stone, so it is also called "Manjusri Bed".

N O.6

The Qingliang Temple in Shangtapo Village, Chang'an District, Xi'an was built in the first year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (581); it is the fourth ancestor of the Huayan Sect, Qingliang Guoshi It is one of the fundamental Taoist temples that promotes Huayan Sect and is also a provincial cultural relic protection unit. The cemetery of the grandmother of former Chinese Kuomintang Chairman Lien Chan is located south of Qingliang Temple.

N O.7

The Qingliang Temple in Badachu Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing, was formerly the "Lushi Temple" founded by Master Lu in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties; it is a Chinese Buddhist temple temple. It is now a cultural relic registered in the census of Shijingshan District, classified as an ancient site.

N O.8

The Qingliang Temple in Qingliang Village (Qingliangchuan), ten miles north of Yangxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, was first built in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) , an important "official road" (Tangluo Road) in history leads from the south entrance of the Qinling Mountains, with beautiful environment and beautiful mountains and clear waters.

N O.9

The Qingliang Temple in Wudao Village, Hejiabao Township, Huairen County, Suzhou City, Shanxi Province is said to be the first ashram of Manjushri Bodhisattva on his way to Mount Wutai. There is a brick pagoda on the main peak of Qingliang Mountain called Huayan Temple Brick Pagoda. The brick pagoda is about ten meters high, with seven eaves and eight corners. It was built in the Liao Dynasty (907-1125).

N O.10

The Qingliang Temple at No. 22 Qingliang Road, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province was built in the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty (1064). It was first named Baoenganci Temple and was destroyed in Late Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1403), the current site was moved and called Qingliang Temple. Later it was renamed Duanming Temple and was destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. From Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Zen Master Jingbo and his former abbot rebuilt more than 300 rooms including the Main Hall, the Heavenly King Hall, the Sutra Library, the Dharma Hall, and the Zen Hall.

N O.11

Qingliang Temple in Jiufeng Mountain Scenic Area, Dabao Township, Pengzhou City, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, has a long history and profound cultural heritage; the number one warrior in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties Zhang Dingbian, the god of war, escaped into Buddhism and practiced here, becoming the first ancestor of the Jiufeng sect and founded the Linji authentic Jiufeng sect; eminent monks of all generations practiced here, making Qingliang Temple a well-known Buddhist mountain in Western Sichuan. After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, it was relocated and rebuilt.

N O.12

The Qingliang Temple in Yingshang County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province is related to Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that before Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he passed by this temple in midsummer one year and took a rest in the side hall. He felt that the heat was unbearable and the mosquitoes and flies were disturbing, so he asked himself, "Can it be cool?" After saying this, he suddenly felt the breeze blowing, and the mosquitoes and flies were gone. , I was so happy that I praised it casually: "It's really a Qingliang Temple!" The temple got its name from this. When Taizu came to the throne, he immediately ordered the Qingliang Temple to be rebuilt. Emperor Xianzong also ordered Liao Fu to go to Qingliang Temple to rebuild it and inscribe an inscription to remember it.

Part 2, Changjuan Qingliang Temple:

1. Overview of Qingliang Temple:

"" edited by Longhui County Civil Affairs Bureau and executive editor by Huang Yuanlong It is recorded in "Longhui Place Name Culture Collection":

The area of ​​Changjuan is like a blue and white porcelain bowl on the table, surrounded by mountains on all sides, with "Zhaiba Nao" to the east, "Triangle Village" to the north, The average temperature in "Yuangu Village" to the west and "Gounao Village" to the south is 3 degrees Celsius lower than that of surrounding towns; here, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, with pine trees, fir trees, and bamboos all over the mountains and plains. The flat fields are nourished by mountain springs, and there are rarely bad harvests. worries.

Changjuan at the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was during the period of the Cai, Zhi, and Gao generations (eighth, ninth, and tenth generations); Wang Jincai, a general of Li Zicheng and a native of Liping, bloodbathed Changjuan and Ma Caicheng was killed. Ma Caidong's second son Ma Zhikui was killed, and the son and daughter-in-law of Ma Caidong's fourth son Ma Zhichao were kidnapped.

Ma Zhichao was desperate. In order to spend his miserable old age, he used all his savings to build a Buddhist temple on Qingliang Mountain and named it Xinglong Temple.

Later, the descendants of Ma Caidong expanded the original site of Xinglong Temple and renamed it Qingliang Temple. It was large in scale and Buddhist services were prosperous. The newly named Qingliang Temple had six abbots.

The first-generation abbot, surnamed Liu, whose real name is unknown, taught private school in the Huangpiling area in his early years. Because he saw through the world of mortals, he converted to Buddhism. In the early days, he went to Qingliang Temple in Sichuan to study Buddhism. The stone pagoda tomb is located to the right of Podocarpus pine, 5 meters away from the gate of Qingliang Temple. The tower is 2 meters high and the bottom diameter is 1 meter. It is built of granite, with many cracks in the tower body and weathered inscriptions. It is the oldest and shortest among the tombs. .

The second generation abbot, whose Buddhist name is Maoqing. The stone pagoda tomb is located to the left of the podocarpus and directly in front of the gate of Qingliang Temple. The pagoda is about 3 meters tall and has several cracks, and the inscriptions are vaguely visible.

The third generation abbot, a descendant of Ma Changxun, his mother is Ouyang, the descendant of "Rong"; his common name is Ma Jiyuan, and his Buddhist name is Yulan. He was born in Miaowan, Zengjiayuan, Changzhou, in the fifty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1717) in the Qing Dynasty. Its stone tower tomb is 3.24 meters high and has 5 floors. It ranks first among the other four in terms of height, number of floors and the integrity of the inscriptions.

Anecdote 1:

He was frail and sick since childhood, and was sent to Qingliang Temple by his parents to receive instruction from Patriarch Mao Hong. He concentrated on worshiping the Buddha and did not go home for many years. His parents blamed him for missing him; So he planted a white magnolia tree (called the white flower tree by the locals because of its white flowers) every other section of the road, from the front of the house to Qingliang Temple, and said to his parents: "When you see the magnolia tree, it's like seeing your own." son". Later, most of these trees were destroyed, and now there are only two left in Miaowan, Group 2, Changjia Village; the trunk of one of them rotted, leaving only half of the trunk with bark, but it is still full of vitality and blooms white flowers every year; Another tree is located next to the Shuikou Stone Arch Bridge a hundred meters away from this tree. It has lush branches and leaves. It produces flower buds every autumn and blooms in the first month of the following year. It is fragrant and white as pure jade. It is very beautiful.

Anecdote 2:

Patriarch Maoqing wanted to test his progress in Dharma practice and asked: "How about visiting Nanyue?" The answer: "Traveling all over Zhurong Qiandie Peak." Question : "What's the point of saying another sentence?" Answer: "If you want to see a thousand miles away, go to a higher level." Question: "How can you get the fragrance of plum blossoms without going through a bone-chilling cold?" Answer: "Taking the power of a monk in your mouth. "Ask: "Drinking sticks directly reveals the mystery, and you must fully understand the causes and conditions."

Anecdote 3:

The words of Monk Yulan are very effective. One time, a mountain master deliberately teased him and stepped over his back while he was bowing his head to worship the Buddha. He got up and disappeared from the mountain master, and said casually: "Maybe he saw a ghost." A few days later, the mountain master suddenly fell ill and died.

From then on, Monk Yulan stopped talking nonsense and avoided seeing guests. He dug a dirt hole on the hillside behind the temple and lived in it for three years until his death.

The fourth generation abbot, whose Dharma name is "Zixue". Its stone pagoda tomb was built in Chopping Bandan, two miles away from Qingliang Temple.

The inscription on the pagoda of the fifth-generation abbot, Monk Daozhen (Taozheng), is still there; according to the inscription on the pagoda, he was "born in the Zeng family in Gutang on September 25, the eighth year of Qianlong's reign. Young Chang The disease was transmitted to the Buddha, so he entered the Brahma Palace at the age of eight and served his master, Monk Yulan, and practiced the Dharma. Huayan Temple in Datong City, Shanxi Province, Pure Land and Yunwu Temples in Dazhu County, Sichuan Province, and Tianlu Temple in Xinxing County, Guangdong Province are invited to be professors. "

Supplement:

Huayan Temple, the ancestral home of "Huayan Sect", one of the "Eight Buddhist Schools", Dazhu Pure Land Temple, the first pure land temple in eastern Sichuan, and "Little Emei in eastern Sichuan" The Dazhu Yunwu Temple, known as the "Sixth Patriarch's Holy Mountain", and the Tianlu Temple on the "Sixth Patriarch's Holy Mountain", the hometown of the Sixth Patriarch, are all famous Buddhist holy places throughout the country. Being able to ask him to teach Buddhism shows the status of Qingliang Temple and Monk Daozhen in the Buddhist world. and influence.

The sixth-generation abbot, named Rongkai, was a Buddhist monk who came to Qingliang Temple from afar. His martial arts was so strong that someone drove an iron rake tooth nearly two feet long into the ground. , with only an inch high on the ground, he just swept it with his foot, and the rake teeth came out. It was the end of the Qing Dynasty when the monk melted away. He felt that it was time to determine the next generation of abbot, so he gathered the disciples on the empty terrace. He said: "Whoever catches the wooden fish I threw out will be the next generation abbot... After saying that, he threw the wooden fish into the air, and all the disciples rushed to catch it, but no one caught it. Everyone present was sighing, and everyone knew that it was an ominous omen, and Qingliang Temple would go downhill. A few years later, when Monk Rongkai passed away, no one built a stone pagoda tomb for him. He was buried next to the pagoda tomb of Monk Daozhen on the roadside.

From Qingliang Temple to Changjuan during the Republic of China, in addition to Qingliang Temple, there were also Lingguang Temple, Nanmushan Temple, Ellijie Baima Xianniang Temple, Huayan Temple, Chaoyang Temple, Xiying Temple Nunnery, Mao'an Hall, Lei Wang Temple and many other places; many eminent monks and Taoists from China travel here, and the incense is constantly flowing here all year round.

During the Republic of China, Qingliang Temple, which was famous in the Buddhist world, gradually became deserted. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, its property was taken over by Changjuan School. After the demolition, only the stone Buddhist altar remained in the main hall, and crops were planted on the rest of the ground. Qingliang Temple became a deserted place. In 1999, Changjuan people raised funds to restore Qingliang Temple. The restored Qingliang Temple covers a total area of ​​3 acres. It has a brick and wood structure and a small green tile roof. It has three entrances and two entrances, namely the mountain gate, the front hall, the patio, and the back hall. There is a wing building on the right side, with the upper floor for pilgrims to rest, and the lower floor. It is a restaurant that can accommodate hundreds of people. Although the entire temple is not as prosperous as during the Qing Dynasty, it is still decorated in a simple way and fully equipped. Today, Qingliang Temple has no monks and abbots, and is only looked after by an old man nearby. The old man sincerely worships Buddha, performs his duties, is hospitable, and manages well. In addition, the glorious history of the temple leaves a good impression on people. The temple's The incense is getting more and more prosperous; people seeking wealth and children, praying for blessings and longevity, keep coming.

2. The legend of the Podocarpus in Qingliang Temple:

The Podocarpus is located among the monks’ pagoda tombs, four meters away from the gate of Qingliang Temple. The tree is 5 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters thick, gray-yellow and spiral-shaped; the top branches and leaves are green and shaped like the palm of a hand.

This tree was transplanted from Qingliang Temple in Sichuan by the first abbot of Qingliang Temple in the early Qing Dynasty, nearly four hundred years ago.

When the podocarpus grows to 5 meters high and more than 1 meter thick, it no longer grows taller or thicker, and it survives wind, frost, rain and snow without falling.

One March in the early 1970s, the lush Podocarpus tree trunks were scorched and the leaves were withering. It was said that the Podocarpus tree was dead. A local villager wanted to take it for himself. The first reason is that the podocarpus tree is hard and suitable for making tables, and the board surface is like a steel plate and will never rot. The second reason is that he can make a small fortune by sawing it into boards and selling them. So he invited the most experienced sawmillers from Changjiang, Nianshuxia, and Gaoping at double wages, but all of them turned around and left without saying a word, and no one mentioned cutting Podocarpus pine again.

In February 1977, the yellow leaves of the Podocarpus turned green, and then became greener and greener; there was a rumor in Manchangjuan that the Podocarpus was resurrected.

Nowadays, the Podocarpus pine grows more and more luxuriantly. The emerald-like crown and the colorful front door of Qingliang Temple complement each other, forming a unique scenery that attracts the attention of tourists and pilgrims. In recent years, the Longhui County Forestry Bureau has allocated funds to protect Podocarpus as a rare and ancient tree.

3. Qingliang Temple has become a county-level cultural relic protection unit:

Qingliang Temple (including the Qingliang Mountain monks’ tombs) is located in a group of Qingliang Mountains in Changjuan Village, Hetian Township, Longhui County. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and completely destroyed in the early years of the Republic of China. The reconstructed temple now covers an area of ​​about 530 square meters. It is located from northwest to southeast. On the central axis from southeast to northwest are the mountain gate, front hall, and back hall, with a wing building built on the east side. The apse is a brick and wood structure with small green tiles hanging from the top of the mountain. There are four relic-shaped stone pagoda tombs in front of the temple, all of which house the deceased bones and robes of several influential monks in the temple. The tower is hexagonal, with three, four or five floors, and a gourd top. The tallest one has five floors and is 3.24 meters high. On the bottom of the tower is embedded a tombstone from the ninth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1859). The inscription records the life of the tomb owner, Master Dazheng and others, and the origin of Qingliang Temple. In September 2011, it was announced as a county-level cultural relic protection unit in Longhui County. Protection scope: The temple starts from the base of the outer wall and reaches 50 meters in all directions; the tomb group starts from the outer edge of the tomb and reaches 50 meters in all directions. Construction control zone: 100 meters outside the protection range in all directions. ——The above content comes from "Introduction to Cultural Relics Protection Units at All Levels in Longhui"

4. Poems about Qingliang Temple:

N O.1

On the Qingliang Pagoda of Changjuan Qingliang Temple, there is a rhyme poem by Ma Zhuo'an, who was awarded the tribute (equivalent to the deputy list of candidates) in the late Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty:

The futon breaks through the gold-engraving man, and the mantle is not followed by the leaves groaning;

p>

If the fate is understood, the truth will be understood.

The mirror of wisdom hanging in the heart is originally clean, and the tower is swept away by the breeze;

Prajna calmly stores the relics, and this blessed land is comparable to it

N O.2

Thoughts on reading Mr. Ma Shaoqiao's couplet at Qingliang Temple

Xiao Weiqun

The ancient temple in the famous mountain suddenly opened, and a group of tourists came to visit it.

The old trees are gently protected by the clouds, and the little dragons prefer to cuddle up at the beginning of the day.

Stop doubting and shun the secular world, and finally believe in praying to gods and worshiping Buddha.

I am ashamed that I came late but not early.

Note: There is a snake on the little dragon tree

N O.3

Qilu · Return to Changjuan Qingliang Temple

Wei Haibo

There are temple buildings in the greenery, and the Brahma Palace is extremely quiet.

Pour the fragrant tea and drink it happily, sit down on the futon and leave it for now.

The Buddha traveled here many times, and his mind meditated under the pagoda.

There are still dead trees and their fragrance flows far away, and the drums at dusk and bells in the morning are enough to relieve worries.

N O.4

This is an ancient jungle, which proves that the five aggregates are empty and spotless;

Renovate the new Buddhist temple, see the jade flowing from the nine streams, and the triangle Flying clouds.

——Title on Qingliang Temple

N O.5

The dead tree is still alive, I realize that God has eyes when I am pious;

Bodhisattva is like a blessing, and when luck comes, stones turn into gold.

——Inscribed on Qingliang Temple

The Ma family ancestral hall was founded in the 53rd year of Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1714); This picture was taken in the 1980s.

Supplementary information

[1]

Yu Youren: Born in Sanyuan, Shaanxi in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879) in the Qing Dynasty. Modern politician, educator and calligrapher. The founding father of the Republic of China, a backbone of the Tongmenghui, and an important member of Nanshe. He served as the President of the Supervisory Yuan of the Nanjing National Government for 34 years; at the same time, he was also one of the founders of Fudan University and Shanghai University, and served as a trustee of Fudan University.