Can Ma bamboo be grown in Shaanxi?
Yes
D. latiflorus Munro
Chinese name of species: D. latiflorus Munro
Latin name of species: Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro
Species aliases: sweet bamboo, big-headed bamboo, big-headed bamboo, sweet bamboo, hanging silk sweet bamboo, green sweet bamboo, big-leaf black bamboo, horse bamboo, etc.
Chinese name of the family : Poaceae
Family Latin name: Gramineae
Genus Chinese name: Dendrocalamus
Genus Latin name: Dendrocalamus
The underground stem is Shaft type. The trunk is 20-50 meters high, 10-30 centimeters thick, and the internodes are 45 centimeters long. The texture of the stems is crisp and crisp, with sparse and easy-to-fall dark brown thorns on the back; the leaves are egg-shaped and lanceolate, 6-15 cm long and 3-5 cm wide, with small light brown thorns on them; branches It often grows on the upper part of the main stem. Each branch has 7-10 leaves. The upper part of the leaf sheath is attached with yellow-brown fine hairs. The leaves are broadly lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, oblong, 15-35 cm long. It is 4-7 cm wide, has 11-15 pairs of secondary veins, and has prominent small transverse veins. The spikelets are 12-15 mm long, 7-13 mm wide and long, containing 6-8 flowers, red or dark purple. The stalk is nearly upright, 25m high, 8-25cm in diameter, and 30-50cm long internode. The surface of the young stalk is covered with white powder, and the nodes are slightly raised. The basal nodes of the stalk have yellow-brown carpet-like hair rings under the nodes, and there are rings on the stalk rings. root point. The sheath is in the shape of a shovel with a round mouth, the top and shoulders are broad, the sheath mouth is very narrow, and the back is covered with sparse brown thorns that easily fall off; the ears of the sheath are weak, linearly everted, and the sheath mouth has sparse hairs; the tongue of the sheath is 2-4mm high, The edges are serrated; the leaves are turned over and ovate-lanceolate. The leaves are large, 18-30cm long and 4-8cm wide. The bamboo shoot period is from July to September. The bamboo shoots are delicious and are an excellent species for bamboo shoots. The bamboo stalks can be tied into rows and used as water pipes and construction materials.
Distribution: Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Taiwan and other places. It has been introduced and cultivated in southern Zhejiang and southern Jiangxi.
Morphological characteristics: The height of the pole is 20-25 meters, the diameter is 15-30 centimeters, the tip is long and drooping or curved in an arc; the internodes are 45-60 centimeters long, white powdered when young, but hairless, with only There is a ring of brown hairs in the nodes; the wall thickness is 1-3 cm; the stem has a high branching habit, with multiple branches at each node, and the main branch is often single. The sheath is easy to fall off early. It is thick leathery and has a wide and round shovel shape. The back is slightly covered with small stinging hairs, but it falls off easily and becomes hairless. The sheath mouth at the top is very narrow (about 3 cm wide); the sheath is small. , 5 mm long and 1 mm wide; the tongue is only 1-3 mm high, with slightly toothed edges; the blades are everted, ovate to lanceolate, 6-15 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, ventrally covered with pale Small brown bristles. The final branch has 7-13 leaves, the leaf sheath is 19 cm long, with small yellow-brown stinging hairs when young, and later becomes hairless; the leaves have no ears; the ligule is protruding, 1-2 mm high, truncated, with slightly toothed edges; the leaves Oblong lanceolate, 15-35H (50) cm long, 2.5-7 (13) cm wide, with a round base and a tapered apex to form a small tip. The upper surface is hairless and the midrib on the lower surface is very raised. And it is serrated with small teeth. When young, there are fine hairs on the secondary veins, with 7-15 pairs of secondary veins, and the small transverse veins are still obvious; the petiole is hairless, 5-8 mm long.
The flower branches are large, leafless or with leaves above. The internodes of the branches are hard and densely covered with yellowish-brown fine hairs. Each node bears 1-7 or more false spikelets, forming a semi-whorled state; the spikelets are Oval, very flat, 1.2-1.5 cm long, 7-13 mm wide, reddish purple or dark purple when mature, with a blunt tip, containing 6-8 florets, the florets at the top are often larger, and the florets are small when mature. It can be widely opened; there are 2 to several glomes, broadly ovate to broadly elliptical, about 5 mm long and 4 mm wide. The upper parts of both surfaces are microhairy and ciliated on the edges; the lemma is similar to the globules and is yellow. Green, but the upper half of the edge is purple, 12-13 mm long, 7-16 mm wide, with multiple veins (29-33), small transverse veins are obvious; the palea is oblong-lanceolate, 7-11 long mm, 3-4 mm wide, the upper part is lavender, with 2 or 3 veins between the ridges, and 2 veins from the outside of the two ridges to the edge. The ridges and edges are densely covered with long and thin cilia; the scales are absent; the anthers are yellow Green, can extend out of the floret when mature, 5-6 mm long, the tip of the septum stretches out to become a small tip, and there are microhairs on it; the ovary is flat spherical or broadly oval, with scattered white microhairs on the upper part. The lower part is hairless, with an ovary stalk and an ventral groove. It is about 7 mm long. The style is densely covered with white microhairs. The stigma is single and there is no obvious boundary between it and the style. Occasionally there are 2 stigmas. The fruit is capsule-shaped, ovoid, 8-12 mm long, 4-6 mm thick, with thin, light brown skin.
Uses: This species is the most widely cultivated bamboo species in southern my country. The bamboo shoots have a sweet taste. A large number of dried and canned bamboo shoots are on the market every year, and are even exported to Japan, Europe and the United States. The poles are also used for construction and bamboo poles, as well as for garden planting and have high ornamental value.
Origin distribution: Produced in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc. A small amount of cultivation is also seen in southern Zhejiang and southern Jiangxi. Distributed in Vietnam and Myanmar. Type specimens were collected from Taiwan and Hong Kong.
1. How to plant Ma Bamboo
1. Select land. Ma bamboo is a natural crop that grows easily and quickly. It is suitable for planting in a wide range of places, including hillsides, flat land, in front of and behind houses, at the edge of dams, on roadsides and rivers. As long as the temperature is suitable, it can be planted anywhere there is soil. However, from the perspective of land utilization and economic benefits, it is generally better to plant in mountainous areas with a slope of more than 25 degrees.
2. Practice mountain and land preparation. Planting Ma bamboo is usually practiced in the winter and planted in the following spring. There are two methods of soil preparation. ① A method of comprehensively reclaiming mountainous areas. This method involves burning or clearing the mountainous areas and then plowing the entire mountainous area. This method can also be used to interplant other crops such as wood musk, peanuts, ginger, etc. in the year and the following year when Ma bamboo is planted, so that short crops can grow and improve land utilization; ② Method of spot planting to reclaim land. This method is used when the mountainous land is burned or cleared and it is too late to fully cultivate the mountain. According to the planting specifications, the area with a diameter of 1 meter can be deeply plowed and loosened at the planned planting point, usually to a depth of 40 centimeters. That's it, then break the soil into pieces (be careful not to dig up the soil to make holes). After the bamboo shoots are planted, weed them as they grow and wilt, and loosen and turn the soil around them. This method can rush time and grab the season.
3. Planting specifications. Planting specifications can be determined based on the fatness of the land and the slope of the mountain. Generally, 60 to 70 trees are planted per acre. The good places can be a little more green, and the thin places can be a little denser. Because the harvest period of Ma bamboo is peak after three years, from the perspective of managing weeding, improving land utilization, and increasing economic income, the initial planting of Ma bamboo can be a little denser, and planting can be done after the Ma bamboo trees have grown into large ones. You can drop one vegetable at a time.
4. Planting season. The planting time of Ma bamboo is generally from late January to early April of the lunar calendar. The best planting time is from the spring equinox around Qingming to Grain Rain. Planting in rainy weather has the highest survival rate.
5. Planting practices. After determining the distance according to the requirements of the planting specifications, dig holes in the loosened ground while planting. The planting should not be too deep or too shallow. The holes can be dug according to the size of the seedlings. If you are planting bamboo seedlings, it is generally appropriate to have a depth of 15 centimeters; if you are planting bamboo shoots, it is appropriate to cover the bamboo seed heads with soil. No matter what kind of seedlings are planted, the bamboo heads must be pressed firmly with crushed mud.
2. Management methods of Ma bamboo
1. Management of new Ma bamboo species. Management of Ma bamboo is most important in the year of new planting.
If the soil can be kept moist, newly planted Ma bamboo will usually sprout new roots in a week. Generally, there is no need to pour water on Ma bamboo. But the most important thing is not to loosen the compacted bamboo heads. The leaves grown from new bamboo species must not be eaten by livestock. Eat leftovers.
2. Fertilize. Generally, Ma Bamboo does not need to be fertilized in fertile places, but in order to make it grow quickly and take effect early, fertilization can be done depending on the growth situation. Where conditions permit, it is best to apply soil fertilizers and garbage fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers can also be applied. Newly planted bamboos are generally fertilized from June to July, and 2 taels of urea are applied to each tree. In the second year and above, Ma bamboo can be fertilized in April to May every year, with 4 to 5 taels of urea applied to each tree. When applying fertilizer, be careful not to damage the bamboo roots. You can dig a small hole 50 cm away from the bamboo head, put the fertilizer down and compact it with soil.
3. Weeding and loosening the soil. When planting new bamboo, be sure not to let weeds cover the bamboo head and block the sun. For newly planted bamboo shoots that are one or two years old, it is best to weed and loosen the soil twice a year. The first time is combined with fertilization in April to May; the second time is in October to December. Ma bamboos that are more than three years old should be weeded at least once a year, usually between September and December. In order to save labor, you can also use herbicides to kill weeds. When spraying herbicides, be careful not to spray the herbicides on the leaves of the bamboo shoots.
4. How to keep the mother bamboo. Generally, 2 to 4 small bamboo shoots will grow out of a newly planted Ma bamboo in that year. Except for retaining a strong mother bamboo, all the bamboo shoots grown in the first year should be cut down. There is no need to keep the mother bamboo in the next four years. Lima bamboo sprouts and grows.
3. Harvesting methods of Ma Bamboo
1. When chopping bamboo shoots, the best harvesting efficiency is when the bamboo shoots grow until 2 to 3 green tubes are exposed.
2. The position to cut the bamboo shoots is 2 centimeters above the first node of the bamboo shoots above the ground. Do not damage the bamboo shoots.
3. A special thin bamboo shoot knife should be used when chopping bamboo shoots. Cut off the bamboo shoots, peel off the shells one by one, and cut off the tender meat to become fresh bamboo shoots.
IV. How to make dried bamboo shoots
According to how much bamboo shoots are harvested, first make a cylindrical hollow wooden house with a height of 1 to 1.5 meters and a diameter slightly smaller than the bamboo shoots boiling pot. The room is placed on top of the bamboo shoots pot, and a bamboo sieve with vegetable eyes is placed on the bottom of the pot to prevent the bamboo shoots from sticking to the bottom of the pot and being burnt. Put the harvested fresh and tender bamboo shoots into the pot, first put the bamboo tubes, then the tails (300 to 500 kilograms of fresh bamboo shoots can be placed in each pot), put it on the top of the wooden house, add ten kilograms of water, and then use nylon film to cover it. The top of the wooden house is sealed and cooked with dry firewood (usually 2 to 2.5 hours per pot). Then take out the cooked bamboo shoot meat and cool it down or use cold water to cool it, then put it on the bamboo raft to dry in the sun. When drying, the bamboo shoot tube and the tail of the bamboo shoot are dried separately. After drying for a day, peel the tube of the bamboo shoot by hand, flatten it, and peel the tail of the bamboo shoot. You can also separate the bamboo shoots by opening them. After being collected at night, they should be packed layer by layer in wooden houses, earthen jars or film bags, compacted and sealed, and then turned out to dry in the sun the next day. Generally, they can be dried in 4 to 5 days. When the bamboo shoots are 70 to 80% dry, the bamboo shoots should be pressed flat. At that time, there is no need to stack and seal. After drying, the bamboo shoot slices, bamboo shoot tails and bamboo shoot coats should be sealed in film bags for sale. If there are cloudy and rainy days, the bamboo shoots stacked in wooden houses, earthen jars or thin bags will not be damaged for a month or two as long as they are sealed and compacted with stones. They can be taken out to dry in sunny weather. If you want to make fermented dried bamboo shoots, put the cooked bamboo shoot tubes and bamboo shoot tails directly into a wooden house, a clay jar, a thin bag or a prepared fermentation tank, stack them, seal them, and compact them with stones and other objects (no need to add any materials) ), store them intact for 8 to 10 days before taking them out, and dry them in the sun according to the above method to make fermented dried bamboo shoots.