Ryukyu kingdom of Japan. When were they called? Whose territory is the largest? Where are they in Japan now?
The Ryukyu Kingdom between China and China is a tribute to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in and the Satsuma shogunate in Japan. 1609, Ryukyu was invaded by Satsuma of Japan and took control of the northern part of Ryukyu. Once, Ryukyu China was still a tribute. 1879 On March 30th, Japan perished and merged into Japan. Most of the land is set as the South Kuril Islands in Okinawa Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture.
Ryukyu country, because of its special geographical position, is a trade transit point in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and its trade is developed, so it is called "China" as a bridge of history.
The early history of Ryukyu is exempt from examination. According to the relevant records of Ryukyu, not later than 12 century, the residents of the island have changed from the primitive society to the early clan society. According to the press secretary of Time, the country that started the Sanshan Age of Ryukyu in the12nd century was the unified Ryukyu Kingdom in the15th century. /kloc-merged into Japan in the 0/9th century.
Ryukyu has maintained close cultural exchanges and overseas trade with China, Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian countries since ancient times.
Sanshan times
The three forces in the Sanshan era, Shannan, Zhongshan and Shanbei,12nd century, and Shannan, Zhongshan and Shanbei in Okinawa were distributed in parts of Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa Prefecture) in the south, middle and north respectively. This period is called "Three Mountains Age". Third, the weakest Zhongshan is the strongest, and the mountain is north.
According to the genealogy of Sun Yat-sen, Records of Ming Dynasty and Records of Korea's Li Dynasty, the ministries of Shannan are centered on Dali, including Dali, Zuo Seding, Hiroshi Tamaki, Zhidong Pingtou, Daoqi Dali, Muyamu, Ren, Zhenbi and the city, which is roughly equivalent to the country at the southern end of Tian, and the area south of Okinawa today-the original line. The press secretaries with Juri as the center, including Putian, Juri, Naha, Gu Bei, Dugu and other places, are becoming more and more prosperous, and they are sure to win, even breathing with the city. As for the southern part of the territory, the countryside and fields spread-the original first line, ending in the isthmus in the north. Shanbei Kingdom now belongs to PeopleSoft Center, including Jinmujin, Yuming Lake, Guotou and Jinwu, that is to say, Iraq's houses (Iraq is the name) and cities, probably the territory of Okinawa, Beizhongyuan Gorge, and nearby Izhima and Yipin Island.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the three forces of Shannan, Zhongshan and Shanbei were mainly concentrated in the headquarters of Ryukyu Island (Okinawa), but they had not yet developed into the legendary "Zhongshan Gold, the director and the Ryukyu Islands, according to the director relationship before landing on the island." According to records, in the first year of Wang Xian's ancestor Yingzu, Amami City, Kumejima and Liang Qing paid tribute to North Korea from the outside in Zhongshan (equivalent to the reign of Wang Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty in China), but the relationship between the secretary of this tribute relationship and the fourth generation of the King City Alliance made the Ryukyu Islands enter the Sanshan era and gradually faded.
1372, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, sent letters to the three countries between Yang Zai, and Wang Zhongshan Observation sent his brother, the Thai ambassador, to the Ming Dynasty. The following year, the king of Shanbei was also afraid of Nizhi, and the king of Shannan ordered the praise of the Ming Dynasty. At this point, northern Shaanxi, Zhongshan and Shannan began to become vassal countries of the Ming Dynasty. In order to acquire technology, build large ships, and prevent messengers from hitting the ships, Ryukyu accepted the good shipbuilding and navigation technology sent by the emperor. exist
Ryukyu kingdom era
Dynasties in the world
Ryukyu Village Palace was built in the first dynasty of Shang Dynasty 1350 (Yuan Dynasty 10). Putian City replaced the sixth generation prince of Yingzu with scientific observation and was elected as the King of Zhongshan. 1406, Palestinian intellectual Wang Shizi Wuning Zuo Fu's press secretary Ba Zhi overthrew the self-proclaimed King Zhongshan. 14 16 Pakistani intelligence conquered northern Shaanxi. 1429 Tanchi conquered Shannan, forming a unified Ryukyu Kingdom, and Ryukyu Village became the king city. Xuande 1430 (five years), Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty gave Ryukyu the surname Wang Shang, which was known as the "first alliance leader" in history. According to the clan-vassal relationship of Ryukyu in the Ming Dynasty, every generation of Ryukyu kings needed to accept the knighthood of the Ming Dynasty. The seventh king of this country has conquered the power of Kikai and Kumima.
During about 1400-1550, the highly developed commercial trade between Ryukyu Kingdom and China, South Korea, Southeast Asia and Japan entered a golden age. -16th century,15th century, a large number of pirates harassed the Ryukyu Islands, which caused huge losses to Ryukyu countries and hindered maritime trade.
The second is allies.
1469 (Chenghua 5 years, Ming Xianzong, Ren Ying, Japan 3 years), Ryukyu civil strife, Wuxi Sho Toku was killed, in the early Shang dynasty. 1470 The "eldest son status" of Jin Yuan, a royal border guard (the court staff manages finance) in the palace, was elected as the king in 147 1 Ming Dynasty's Father's Funeral, 1472, and the name of the envoy of the Ming Dynasty was Wang Jinhuan (renamed mellow), which was called "the eldest son".
It is still the correct position of the second king of the second generation in Shang Dynasty (1478-1525). In the golden age of Ryukyu, Yaeyama, Okinawa and Nagano Island were all conquered. 1522 (the first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty and the second year of Dai Rong in Japan), it was still the Zhenjun Pavilion, and it was a "ghost and tiger chaos" with Nagano Island. The final power of Ryukyu Kingdom extends to the whole Ryukyu Islands, thus determining the boundaries of Amami Island in the north, Miyakojima in the south and Yaeyama Islands, which are called "three provinces and 36 islands" in Ryukyu history books.
Wang Jian of Ryukyu Kingdom established a team of officials with systematic documents, neurotic system, taxation system and administrative divisions, expanded Ryukyu Village, abolished the custom of martyrdom, and prohibited private possession of weapons in the first residence of the church, thus establishing the political and economic system of Ryukyu Kingdom, which is still correct. Since then, Ryukyu has entered a period of stable development.
Samoyed invasion
Japanese Tokugawa Ieyasu inherited Toyotomi Hideyoshi's foreign expansion policy, and the neighboring Ryukyu Kingdom Kagoshima Satsuma feudal Lord Shimazu occupied Ryukyu for a long time. Lunar calendar 1609 (Ming Shenzong Wanli 37th year, 14) On March 4th, during the Japanese celebration period, more than 200 unique ships invaded Ryukyu with 3,000 troops, set out from Shanxiang Island in Kyushu on April 1 year, and occupied Shimadzu family and Ryukyu Village, the largest island in Ryukyu, on April 5th. 100 in June, more than100 soldiers were taken back to China, including Wang Shangning and officials from the Ryukyu kingdom. Samoyed claimed that the reason was the invasion of Ryukyu Kingdom, because soldiers charged ahead of time, but Samoyed Francisco invaded North Korea on the pretext that Ryukyu had no burden, and Ryukyu could not repay it. Realistic reasons, in order to seize the trade interests between Ryukyu islands and the income of Samoans invading Ryukyu, to make up for the military expenditure of invading Korea and Japan (the battle of official gardens).
Qiuyang, the national history of Ryukyu, records that Japanese officials invaded and occupied Samoan, Ryukyu, Japan, surveyed and mapped the border, distributed land, developed taxes, blackmailed the Ryukyu government of Samoan Samoan, but gave Samoan officials an official position. However, in the eleventh year of Ninghe (1632), the Satsuma of Ryukyu shared islands and dormitories, and the two countries also sent officials to manage, trade and tax. This forced Japan to establish formal relations. However, due to Samoan officials stationed in Ryukyu to monitor the growth of the relocated Ryukyu, King Shang Zhen was in power for 25 years (1693), and the Ryukyu of the two islands "is a group of two people, regardless of square meters, with large dents, crossing the grade of raw ore and guarding between tribute ships." Samak forcibly occupied five islands in the north of Ryukyu.
1654, the Ryukyu king sent envoys to the Qing dynasty to request knighthood. Qing Shunzhi made Ryukyu king or hostage, and Ryukyu became a vassal of Qing Dynasty. Maritime trade has begun to decline.
1847 (27 years of Daoguang in Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty and 4 years of tolerance in Japan), Liu Wang was the last one to ascend the throne. 1853 in may, Matthew C. Perry's first fleet arrived in Okinawa. 1854 In March, during the signing of the Kanagawa Treaty, Perry asked Japan to open the Naha port in Okinawa. The Japanese side said that Ryukyu is a distant country and Japan has no right to decide to open its ports. 1854,1/kloc-0 In July, Perry signed a treaty with the Ryukyu Islands Government to open the port of Naha in Britain and China. The influence of Ryukyu maritime trade.
Autumn in abandoned San Francisco county, Japan
187 1 year165438+1October 30th (Mu Zong Tongzhi 10 year, Japanese Meiji 4th year), the ancient islanders in Ryukyu Palace left Naha Port for China. Unfortunately, half of time storms drifted at sea, and a lucky one drifted to the Peony Club in Paiwan, Taiwan Province and Bayuan Bay (now Peony Township, Pingtung County) on the southwest coast. There were 69 crew members on board, three of whom were flooded ashore. Landing crew, 54 people died, 12 Paiwan aborigines were escaped from Fengshan County (now Fengshan City, Kaohsiung County) by the Qing government.
On June 5438+February 1 1 day of the same year, two tribute boats of Yaeyama islanders in Ryukyu left Naha Port for China and drifted at sea in the storm. One person was missing, and the other drifted to Taiwan Province Province on February 28th, 10, and 45 crew members were also protected by Fengshan county government. 1872 In February, there were two groups of Ryukyu refugees, and the authorities sent 57 people to Naha City, Ryukyu Pavilion in Fuzhou, which was safe as early as July. In April of the same year, Ota Prefecture was also drifted to Taiwan Province Province, and the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province were killed. The punishment of the Japanese National People's Congress, the Qing Dynasty and Okinawa was called the Peony Society Incident.
1872, Japan declared the Ryukyu Islands as Japanese territory and did not recognize the suzerainty of China. 1372, Ryukyu announced the abolition of Ryukyu Kingdom, established Ryukyu vassal, awarded the title of King of Ryukyu Kingdom, and officially occupied Ryukyu Islands. The Qing government's negotiations with Japan were unstable, which delayed the signing of a treaty with Japan to solve the Ryukyu issue.
1875 the meiji government of Japan sent members of parliament to Song Tian road and Ryukyu, forcing the Ryukyu king to stop and sever diplomatic relations, which was a tribute ceremony in the Qing dynasty. The Japanese government's orders include: Song Tian Road.
Rule, canceled Ryukyu's practice of sending envoys to the Qing Dynasty to pay tribute, and celebrated his Di Qing throne, which also canceled this change. The practice accepted by the Ryukyu king in the Qing Dynasty was later conferred on Ryukyu. The Qing Dynasty said that Ryukyu Hotel was sanctioned by Japan in Fuzhou, and its trade business was under the jurisdiction of the Japanese consulate. The Japanese government also ordered Ryukyu "captaincy" South Korea to study political reform and construction law.
Forcing Ryukyu to be Japanese territory and forcing Ryukyu to sever relations.
The Japanese government sent Song Tian Road to Okinawa because the Meiji Ryukyu Government once managed the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This order of 1875 is directly related to the Meiji government's suggestion to Ryukyu in Kubo Min Yi. 1874 in Beijing, Kubo Junichi signed the "Beijing Special Article", and Japan proposed to the Meiji government that "the Qing government will negotiate through this matter." He also admitted that my vassal owed a silver pension to the victims and refugees. Although it seems that the Meiji government has taken enough, Ryukyu belongs to our territory, but it is still difficult to say that the border between the two countries has been quite cut off Ryukyu. ".
Ryukyu was forced to terminate its diplomatic relations with the Qing Dynasty. 1876? The compilation of Zhongshan Genealogy, which records the history of Ryukyu Kingdom, was also forced to stop.
1879 (the Qing dynasty corrected Guangxu for 5 years; Meiji 12), Japan, the last king of Ryukyu Kingdom came to power, and his son was still a typical exile in Tokyo, a set of Ryukyu Okinawa Prefecture. The Ryukyu Kingdom perished. On April 4th, Japan announced the establishment of the National Okinawa Prefecture.
Qing government negotiation
At that time, the Qing government invaded Russia in the northwest and northeast, and had no time to take care of Ryukyu. The ambassador to Japan proposed to give up Ryukyu and hurt feelings, and not to give up Ryukyu to anger Japan and make enemies. Putting it off is a better problem. The Qing government adopted this proposal.
On the 30th, Prince Imaki, the agent of Ryukyu Kingdom who surrendered in Ryukyu Village, Japan on 1879, issued an order and brazenly announced that "Okinawa Prefecture was abolished, and Ryukyu Kingdom officially perished."
1879, former us president ulysses S Grant, his entourage JR Young and the vice consul of the us embassy in China completed the Tianjin meeting of wn Pesik. Li hongzhang, a representative of the China government, intervened in the Ryukyu issue, and grant generously agreed. Through his mediation, China and Japan started negotiations on the Ryukyu issue, and the King of Ryukyu Kingdom of Japan and the King of Ryukyu discussed the restoration of Nanshan in the Qing Dynasty. The king said: the barren land of Nanshan cannot survive. 1880, the Qing government rejected this proposal.
On behalf of the Japanese government's plan to increase the number of Ryukyu Islands by one third, the returned Ryukyu Islands, including Central Ryukyu, Restoration of Ryukyu Kingdom, Miyako, Five Islands and Yaeyama Island, were handed over to China, and Amami Island was handed over to Japan. Li Hongzhang said it was a secret production. He Zhang's visit to China was negotiated and decided by the Japanese ambassador. On July 30 (June 24), Gong also said: "How did the minister commemorate the Japanese minister of the Zhang era? He usually said: According to the way planned by Grant, Ryukyu Island and South Island belong to North Island. Like this, they all belong to China, but the light of the two countries, also known as Grant, is an overall situation that is hard to give up, and then go home."
Because the Qing government and the Japanese government failed to reach all the proposals for an agreement, and it has become a fact that Ryukyu was occupied by Japan. The Qing dynasty did not negotiate and sign a treaty, and the Ryukyu issue with Japan was put on hold indefinitely. The Ryukyu Kingdom finally perished. politics
Symbol of Ryukyu 1875-1879 The political structure of Ryukyu is divided into three levels: the king and members of the royal family, the national stage and the village community.
& gt Under the royal family, it is divided into princess, prince, princess, additional guest (the son of a low rank, China and France) and regent (the death of Wang, and the national policy of China's ancient central government line in the age when the eldest son was not officially determined).
Compared with a country, the king appointed by the head of the national stage was executed. The history of Ryukyu was held in the past, and many of them came from Chinese mainland. The country's ruling officials pay tribute to the chiefs' island and village associations and the state institutions under their offices, including ambassadors, doctors, long-term historians, official translators, resource managers, internal purple towel officials, officials and secretaries of legal departments. It should be noted that "Eliot" and "long historian" are the same. Both the official historian Long and Guo Xiang are senior state officials, while the official historian Long is a government official who is specifically responsible for a certain job.
Okinawa's local administrative unit, the village community (department), is also the inherent office of each island. The consuls or officers of these villages are hereditary, and Ryukyu big noble and local forces participated in the Ryukyu coup. Manage other official trade and taxes.
The official positions of Ryukyu Kingdom are divided into nine grades. Both Wang Ge and Wang Shu are called local governors. In order to control the prince's department, they will hand over the military power of the king, often in the first place, and their remote control of the territory. Branch, uncle, legal department, purple towel officer, one kiss. The yellow hat officer below the third grade said that "a place is pro-cloud, and the son of" free territory "is pro-cloud" and "pro-cloud is a building board. From six to seven projects, throwing cloud relatives. " The official red hat names of the eight products are "Zi" or "In Theme". Nine "building plate is not dirty, say a little. "
diplomacy
Ryukyu Kingdom was conferred by China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and belonged to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ryukyu is a branch of the edo shogunate in Satsuma, Japan. The trade relationship between Ryukyu and North Korea has a long history, and in many cases, it is second only to China and Japan. In addition, Ryukyu's diplomatic and economic exchanges have been in contact with the official documents and "consultations" of neighboring countries such as Siam (now Thailand), Turkey, Pakistan, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Malacca, Zhancheng, Vietnam and Luzon, as well as Okinawa, Siam and Java. In modern times, after 1860, Ryukyu Islands made official contacts with the United States and Britain and signed a series of treaties to open ports.
After Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he sent messengers to send letters to cultivate Ryukyu. However, due to the long and dangerous journey, the action was unsuccessful.
According to the press secretary of Ryukyu, in 1372 (the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), the tribute of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty was changed from Zhongshan to Wangdu, after Ryukyu became a member of Hao Yue, the name of the country was advanced, and the certificate was made in the French Battle. Ryukyu itself was managed, and the Ming government did not interfere.
After five years of Hongwu (1372), the Ryukyu Kingdom has been using the rule of the ancient dynasty in China to pursue the restoration of the ancient dynasty in China. Until the fifth year of Qing dynasty (1879), Japan forcibly abandoned the ball and returned to the county. Since then, the diplomatic treaties of official documents of Ryukyu countries, the signing of British and French Coalition forces, the Netherlands, official history, etc. They are all written in the language of China. The palace in Ryukyu Village faces west instead of south, which is what China meant. Okinawa also does business with Japan and its countries, but every time the title is awarded to Ryukyu, songs such as pseudonyms, Jane Eyre and Tang's clothes are banned.
You Ming dynasty
The first (emperor's) trip of the Ming Dynasty in the first month 1372 (5 years of Ming Hongwu) Yang:
The throne of "I" is Jianyuan Dynasty. The title is Hao Yueming, Emperor Jianyuan Hongwu, who retired from the throne in the world. Messenger barbarian, sower Zheng Yi, messenger action, barbarian leader bowed to pay tribute. As far away as the Ming Dynasty, there was no time to report to us about foreign countries except the southeast of Ryukyu in Seoul. In this messenger Wang Yu, Seoul's "
As an imperial edict, the Ming government officially informed the countries in the Ryukyu Islands that King Zhongshan, located in the center of the country, had observed his brother Tai loading tribute during his ouster. Ming Taizu rewarded the calendar system "Harmony with Wen Qi and Shaluo" implemented in the Ming Dynasty. After that, I paid tribute to Ryukyu almost every year. In the twenty-five years of Hongwu, these three countries sent Ming Dynasty students. Wei Ming students can stay at school, care about their lives, give them clothes for different seasons, live in tents and have activities. Then Ryukyu sent overseas students to the Ming Dynasty on an unprecedented scale. Mainland in Ming dynasty
The goods brought by the tribute group in Okinawa usually caused great losses because they were not declared and the customs officials in charge did not inspect them. In the first year of orthodoxy, the Ryukyu emissary said that the official regulatory agency for transporting goods was corrupt and hoped that the emperor could solve these problems. The acquisition cost of the relevant departments of Ming Chengzu is very high according to the market price. Trade, the Ryukyu Kingdom of the Ming Dynasty formed a trade dependence, and it was often a "tribute" to the Ming Dynasty once a year. In fact, this is a deal, and the Ming government is "tired, but it can't."
After the Ryukyu Islands, tsunami, rainstorm and typhoon, in addition to providing a large number of tributes, the Ming government also needed to extend the tribute period of Ryukyu to ten years and pay tribute once to recuperate. However, in order to continue trade and restore the domestic economy, it is still necessary to adhere to the contribution of one year or pay tribute every other year.
Ryukyu came into contact with the Ming Dynasty, which absorbed advanced technology and culture and got great improvement and civilization. They have their own unique music and respect of Buddhism, and Chuangyuan Temple was built on the island. The pattern of ancient buildings in Ming dynasty with island style and the trend of all palaces and houses built in the west show their admiration for Ming dynasty and their thirst for justice.
In A.D. 1522-1566 (Ming Shizong 1560), pirates invaded the southeast coast in the Ming Dynasty. In order to help break the decline of the Japanese pirates, the king of Ryukyu wiped out all the Japanese pirates who arrived in Ryukyu territory from Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty. "They were swept out of the house in the Ming Dynasty and returned to their Ming government. To the emperor award.
156 1 jiajing for forty years, Okinawa and Japan occupied the treasure and captured the king. At that time, the attendants of Ryukyu King wrote a diary of Xi 'an: "Like every family diary, the utensils of generations are seven treasures, and the details are lost." More than 100 prisoners of Sa Liu Jun Wang Qiu Shang Ning, Kagoshima, were persecuted for three years and five months, and admitted their "tribute" in a rather humiliating way. The occupation of five Ryukyu islands in the north of Ryukyu by force has caused great losses, but even so, it has changed the relationship between Ryukyu islands. Under the condition of "one tribute every ten years", but every year, the king or envoys paid tribute, Japan attacked Jilong Mountain in a planned way, and indirectly, officials of the Ming Dynasty invaded Shang Ning, Fujian, and sent envoys to send letters to the government and the emperor to Haian.
In the Ming Dynasty, Ryukyu Kingdom continued to pay tribute, and until Nanming Wang Li was in Fujian, it continued to send envoys to pay tribute. "The Ming Dynasty praised Ryukyu Kingdom: the most pious paradise, outside the basket."
Ryukyu helped the Ming Dynasty destroy pirates. Ryukyu is closely related to the Ming Dynasty and has close contacts. After the implementation, Japan and Southeast Asian coastal countries boycotted in the Ming Dynasty. We can also learn something about Ryukyu through this window and improve our understanding of the outside world in the Ming Dynasty.
Ryukyu has a small territory, a small population and a lack of materials, but it has made great progress militarily. However, some standing armies, Royal Guards and troops maintained high operational efficiency and made contributions to protecting Ryukyu and participating in the fight against pirates in the Ming Dynasty. However, due to the small number of troops, they did not resist the Japanese invasion and the king's imprisonment.
The relationship between the king of Ryukyu Kingdom and the Ming Dynasty was "the country of father and son", but in reality, the tributary of Ryukyu was from thin to thick in the Ming Dynasty. Ryukyu gained huge benefits in the form of tribute trade in the Ming Dynasty. Consumables were sold to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other countries, and Ryukyu became the top of the East China Sea. It is worth mentioning that in Japan, the Ming Dynasty worsened in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Japan's ban was very strict, prohibiting trade with Japan, but Japan was the top of extremely scarce materials or trade links, and Ryukyu, the East China Sea kingdom of North Korea and China, was replenished in time, and Ryukyu also formed an important part of exchanges between countries in the Ming Dynasty.
China, the envoy of the Qing Dynasty, ruled Ryukyu 1646(3 years), and Jin Yingyuan, the envoy of Wang Shangxian of Ryukyu Kingdom, requested the knighthood of the Qing Dynasty. The war in Qing Dynasty was uneven, and the envoys who had lived in Fujian for a long time to pacify Ryukyu came to Beijing to clear the generals. The official of the Ritual Department of the Ming Dynasty gave Ryukyu Wang Yin, and the official document was 16-20, which should not be grateful, and there was no first successful seal.
The next year, the Qing government donated clothes and cloth messengers, and so on, and other things, so they returned to Ryukyu. In Shunzhi 10 1655, Ryukyu envoys paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty. The following year, he was sent back to pay tribute and paid according to the title required by the Ming Dynasty. The emperor shunzhi issued an imperial edict to Ryukyu. During the imperial edict to Ryukyu, the Qing emperor agreed to pay tribute for two years. The number of people paying tribute at one time shall not exceed 150. Deputy Xu arrived in the capital from 15, and other accompanying personnel were on standby in southern Fujian. BR/>； The imperial edict only affirmed that Ryukyu was a vassal of the Qing Dynasty, and also stipulated that it was a tribute of the Qing Dynasty to the new dynasty. Level and time, but due to the wind and waves at sea, the titled Qing emissary did not have a sea. BR/>； 166 1 In the first year, Emperor Kangxi went to Ryukyu and issued Ryukyu Super. The original messenger sent it, but did not go to Okinawa to hold two letters to complete the canonization ceremony.
During the Kangxi period, several tributaries of Ryukyu encountered storms at sea, but paying tribute to their contributions was a very serious loss and compensation, so how much time was lost when Ryukyu praised for the second time, but Emperor Kangxi did not allow it. It's time for Ryukyu to pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty, and always pay tribute to precious luxury goods. Emperor Kangxi's special envoy said: "Agate, ebony, a drop of incense, wood, ivory, tin incense, clove, sandalwood and ripening port have no native products, so as not to pay tribute to the governor of Fujian for his stay in Iwo Jima, and the rest of the tribute is an ideal plan for the governor to come to Beijing." Only tribute is allowed to the local area, but Ryukyu's respectful intention determines that the second is to get more profits from the tribute trade. The situation is not very calm, and the accredited envoys are often reluctant to leave Ryukyu. Therefore, the envoys who sealed Ryukyu will be awarded letters and seals, but they really want the envoys who have been sealed to go to Ryukyu to agree with their demands. exist
After the death of the Ryukyu King, according to the regulations of Zeng Guofan Wang Siwei in Ryukyu, the consent of the Qing government must be obtained first. Therefore, Guoxin and the princes jointly issued joint evidence, and then sent a new deputy envoy to Feng Zhifeng of the Qing government. Thanks to Wang Jicheng in Ryukyu, camel buttons were printed with gold and silver. The eldest son's state power before unsealing. "168 1 year (Kangxi 2 1 year), Kangxi received Ryukyu tribute, which is in the book" Zhongshan Shi Tu ". This year, Ryukyu once again sent overseas students to the Qing Dynasty.