What causes the smog in Changchun? (Don’t talk about burning straw,)

Zhao Jing, director of the Changchun Environmental Testing Center: The formation of smog is mainly due to several factors. One is that with the rapid development of the economy and the intensification of human activities, a large amount of pollutants are discharged, resulting in more than Environmental capacity, environmental pollution, and air pollution, among other factors of course.

The occurrence of haze is caused by the superposition of multiple factors. In addition to meteorological reasons, what other objective factors are affected?

1. Burning straw

September and October are the time when farmers in the north start their autumn harvest and burn straw. The reporter learned from the environmental protection department that the thick smoke from burning straw contains organic gases. Particulate matter such as melted glue can form PM2.5, causing air pollution to worsen in a short period of time. At the same time, the harmful gases produced by burning straw can greatly irritate the mucous membranes of the human eyes, nose, and throat. In mild cases, they can cause coughing, chest tightness, and tears. In severe cases, they may lead to bronchitis. Our "City Express" made a series of reports on this a while ago. In recent years, in order to prohibit the burning of straw, governments at all levels have repeatedly issued bans on burning straw. In October last year, the Changchun Municipal Government issued "About Prohibition of Straw Burning". "Notice on Burning Straw and Understory Plants" clearly stipulates that any unit or individual is prohibited from burning straw, understory plants, dead branches of trees, dead leaves, etc. in fields and wild areas.

2. Open-bolt heating

Changchun’s energy structure is relatively simple, mainly coal-fired. Coal accounts for about 80% of total primary energy consumption. In 2013, 70% of the total coal burning in Changchun City was concentrated in winter. Among the 43 days of heavy pollution weather, 41 days occurred during the heating period. With the economic and social development in recent years, energy consumption has increased rapidly, and the emission of air pollutants has gradually increased. Take coal burning as an example. 10 years ago, the total annual coal burning in Changchun City was 10 million tons, but now it has reached 27 million tons, more than doubled, and 4 million more than Beijing’s 23 million tons. ton. Therefore, it is imperative to speed up the adjustment of energy structure, control the total amount of coal burned, and accelerate the substitution of clean energy. Our city is also taking active actions. According to relevant government regulations, our city will use three years to phase out coal-fired boilers of 10 tons and below in built-up areas in phases to reduce pollutant emissions and improve urban environmental air quality. It is planned that this year, boilers, kilns, stoves and other combustion facilities that use raw (bulk) coal, coal gangue, pulverized coal, and coal slime with a capacity of 10 tons or less within the Third Ring Road and in Jingyue Xiaohetai Industrial Zone will be eliminated; tomorrow and next year, Eliminate boilers, kilns, stoves and other combustion facilities that use highly polluting fuels of 10 tons or less within the Fourth Ring Road and the built-up area of ​​Jingyue University Town; in 2016, eliminate 10 tons or less in the remaining built-up areas and the built-up area of ​​Shuangyang District Boilers, kilns, stoves and other combustion facilities that use highly polluting fuels. As of the end of September, Changchun City had eliminated 272 small coal-fired boilers.

3. Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions

With the changes in people’s travel patterns, a large number of household vehicles are put into driving. It is understood that as of the end of 2013, the city’s *** There are 1.412 million motor vehicles of all types, and the particulate matter emitted by motor vehicles has reached 5,200 tons, and the amount of pollutant emissions continues to increase. Among them, there are nearly 960,000 cars. Yellow-label vehicles account for 92,600 vehicles in the city. They emit various pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, accounting for more than 60% of the city's total vehicle emissions. Particulate matter emissions, in particular, account for more than 60% of the city's total vehicle emissions. 83% of the volume. Although yellow-label vehicles have been restricted since August this year, according to the current National IV emission standards, one yellow-label vehicle is equivalent to the emissions of 28 cars. The air pollution caused by yellow-label vehicles cannot be ignored.