Introduction to Yinchuan
Physical geography
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1. Geographical location
Yinchuan City is located in the middle of the Ningxia Plain on the upper reaches of the Yellow River. It borders Yanchi County to the east; Helan Mountain to the west and the Alxa League of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; it is connected to Tongxin County, Litong District, Wuzhong City, and Qingtongxia City to the south; Pingluo County and Otok Banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are adjacent to the north (with The Great Wall of Ming Dynasty is the boundary). Its geographical scope is between 37°29′～38°53′ north latitude and 105°49′～106°53′ east longitude, with a total area of 9491.0 square kilometers. In 2005, the urban built-up area was 94.96 square kilometers, and the urban public facilities laid area was 110 square kilometers.
2. Topography
The terrain of Yinchuan urban area is divided into two parts: mountains and plains. It is higher in the west and south, lower in the north and east, and tilts slightly southwest to northeast. The landform types are diverse, from west to east they are divided into Helan Mountains, alluvial fan slope plains, alluvial alluvial plains, alluvial lake plains, valley plains, floodplains, etc. The altitude is between 1010 meters and 1150 meters, the ground slope is about 2‰, and the soil layer is thick. Helan Mountain in the west of Yinchuan is a stony medium-high mountain that runs north-east. The total length is about 150 kilometers and the width is 20 to 30 kilometers. The highest peak is 3,556 meters above sea level, which is a natural barrier that blocks the northwest cold air and windy sand from driving straight into Yinchuan. Helan Mountain is nearly 70 kilometers within the territory of Yinchuan City, covering an area of 58,800 hectares. It is a majestic mountain with steep slopes.
3. Soil water system
The soil types in Yinchuan area are divided into 9 major categories, 28 subcategories, 48 soil genera and more than 500 soil species or varieties. The area between Helan Mountain and Xigan Canal is mainly mountainous ash-calcium soil, meadow soil and gray-brown soil. The eastern alluvial plain is mainly irrigated silt soil formed by long-term irrigation and siltation from the Yellow River and alternating farming. Some low-lying areas have lake soil and saline soil. . Irrigation silt soil has moderate soil quality, good physical and chemical properties, high organic matter content, water and fertilizer retention, and wide seed adaptability. The diversity of soil types is ideal for the development of agricultural production and the growth of a variety of commercial crops.
Yinchuan surface water has sufficient water resources, good water quality, rich in sediment, and is a fertile land. There is a network of ditches in the territory, and there are many lakes and wetlands. The Yellow River is the main river in Yinchuan, flowing through Yinchuan for more than 80 kilometers, running through it from north to south. The Yinchuan Plain has been irrigated by gravity from the Yellow River for more than 2,000 years. The main canals that divert the Yellow River include Tanglai, Hanyan, Huinong, and Xigan canals, with an annual water diversion capacity of 1 billion cubic meters. There are more than a thousand supporting drainage and irrigation canals, thousands of kilometers long, forming a complete irrigation and drainage system with irrigation canals and drainage ditches, ensuring the irrigation of more than 130,000 hectares of farmland.
4. Lakes and wetlands
Due to the continuous diversion of the Yellow River in Yinchuan’s history, there were many lakes and wetlands. Good name. The city has 39,700 hectares of wetlands, mainly lake wetlands and river wetlands. Natural wetlands account for more than 60% of the wetland area. There are nearly 200 natural lakes and more than 20 lakes with an area of more than 100 hectares. The more famous ones include Mingcui Lake, Yuehai, Hequan Lake, Bao Lake, West Lake, etc. Yinchuan Wetland is rich in animal and plant resources. There are more than 190 kinds of wetland plants and more than 150 kinds of wetland wild animals, including 5 species of national first-level protected animals: black stork, Chinese merganser, white-tailed sea eagle, little bustard and great bustard. , 19 species of national second-level protected animals including giant swans, and 24 species of autonomous region-level protected animals. Yinchuan Wetland is one of the important bird habitats in northwest China.
5. Natural resources
The Yinchuan area has mountains and rivers and diverse landform types. Affected by climate, soil and other natural conditions, a variety of animal and plant resources have been formed. The Yinchuan Plain has a flat and open terrain, fertile land, crisscrossing ditches, abundant water resources, sufficient sunshine, abundant heat, and superior natural conditions. It has been known as the "Fortress of the South of the Yangtze River" since ancient times, and it is an important agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production area. There are many natural lakes in Yinchuan, with tens of thousands of hectares of natural water surface, good water quality, and lush aquatic plants in the waters, which has excellent conditions for the development of aquaculture. Helan Mountain District is the only natural forest resource in Yinchuan City. The total area is 26,700 hectares, with 12,300 hectares of natural secondary forest, and the forest coverage rate is 22.8%. The forest species mainly include trees such as spruce, pine, and aspen, as well as shrubs such as elm and apricot. In addition, there are more than 40 kinds of wild medicinal plants, and 32 species of rare animals protected by the state include deer, red deer, blue-eared pheasant, green sheep, fox, etc. The climate, soil and geographical conditions of the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are close to or even better than the Bordeaux region, a high-quality grape-producing area in France. It is one of the best ecological areas for high-quality grape cultivation in the world. The mineral resources in Yinchuan include coal, hematite, flux limestone, flux dolomite, flux silica, phosphorite, cement limestone, diabase, etc. Helan stone is "a crystal-clear stone that is used to make inkstones. It exhales water and generates water. It is easy to produce ink and protect the hair." It has the reputation of "one end, two shes and three helans" since ancient times, and is one of the "Five Famous Inkstones" in China. The Lingwu mining area is rich in coal, oil and natural gas reserves, especially coal reserves and its high calorific value, low ash, low sulfur, low phosphorus and other qualities. It also occupies a very important position in the entire autonomous region and even the country.
6. Climate characteristics
Yinchuan City and its affiliated counties (cities) have a typical mid-temperate continental climate. The main climate characteristics are: four distinct seasons, late spring and short summer, early autumn and long winter, large temperature difference between day and night, scarce rain and snow, strong evaporation, dry climate, strong wind and sand, etc.
The annual average temperature is about 8.5°C, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2,800 to 3,000 hours. It is one of the areas with the highest solar radiation and sunshine hours in China. The average annual precipitation is about 200 mm, and the frost-free period is about 185 days.
In 2006, the general climate characteristics of Yinchuan City and its affiliated counties (cities) in 2006 were: the annual average temperature was relatively high, the annual precipitation and annual sunshine hours were mostly low, and the annual average was relatively The humidity is 51%, the average wind speed is 2.3 meters/second, the annual evaporation is less than the average evaporation over the years, and the frost-free period is 197 days throughout the year. The specific situation is:
Temperature In 2006, the annual average temperature of Yinchuan City and its affiliated counties (cities) was between 10.1°C and 11.0°C, which was 1.2°C and 2.1°C higher than normal. Among them, Yinchuan urban area and Yongning County were on the high side throughout the year. Except for Helan County and Lingwu City, which were 0.6°C and 0.3°C respectively lower in September, the temperatures were all on the higher side in the rest of the months. From March 10th to 12th and April 10th to 12th, Yinchuan City experienced a second cold wave weather process, and the temperature dropped throughout the city above 12°C. Among them, the lowest temperature on April 12 was -3℃～-5℃. From June 16th to 19th, hot and dry wind weather occurred in Yinchuan City. Among them, the highest temperature in Yongning County was 36.3°C on June 16, and the highest temperature in Lingwu City was 36.6°C on June 30.
Precipitation In 2006, the annual precipitation in Yinchuan City and its affiliated counties (cities) ranged from 143.2 mm to 195.8 mm. Among them, Yinchuan urban area was 9.5 mm above normal; Yongning, Lingwu, Helan and other counties (cities) were 11.2 mm, 37.4 mm, and 35.4 mm below normal levels respectively. On June 28, thunderstorms and strong winds occurred in most areas of Yinchuan City, with the maximum instantaneous wind reaching level 8 to level 9, and hail occurred in some areas. From July 14th to 15th, regional heavy rains occurred in Yinchuan City. Among them, the precipitation in Yinchuan urban area reached 112.5 mm, and the precipitation in Linhe Town, Lingwu City reached 130.6 mm, both of which were the maximum daily precipitation since meteorological records were recorded.
Rizhao In 2006, the annual sunshine hours in Yinchuan City and its affiliated counties (cities) ranged from 2,665 to 3,069 hours. Compared with the same period in previous years, except for Lingwu City, which had 57.6 hours more. , other districts and counties were less than 239.3 hours to 240.2 hours.
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