Six fat customs
On that day, parents should prepare three kinds of fruits, food and wine and take their children to say goodbye to their parents-in-law (that is, to protect their children), indicating that their children have grown up and should not worship any more. It's interesting to worship in-laws. The so-called in-laws are actually "immortals" in bed. At this time, put a big basket (bamboo weaving utensils) with shallow edges in the center of the bed to hold rice. Drag three sticks of incense, put twelve bowls of sweet potato jiaozi, twelve cups of black bean wine, red peach fruit, fat fruit and three animals (fish, pig head and three birds) in front. The three birds presented by the boy are a rooster, symbolizing exuberance, and the girl is a hen, praying for having children in the future.
Children who leave the garden should take a bath with flowers, wear new clothes sewn by grandparents, wear red clogs presented by grandparents and eat a chicken head. According to legend, during Jiajing period (the first year of Xijing 1522), Lin Daqin, the top scholar of Chaozhou Prefecture, couldn't afford red shoes when he was studying, so he wore red leather shoes. One day, when he came home from school, he saw an old man asking passers-by to respond with a "steamed bun with a chicken head" and rewarding a rooster to a kind person. Lin Daqin thought for a moment and said to him in a clear voice, "Go and cut your beard." The old man couldn't help saying that he was right! He gave him the rooster he had brought. Lin Daqin's father was very happy. He secretly praised the child's Excellence and killed the rooster. After cooking, he cut off the cock's head to reward Lin Daqin to show his superiority. Later, Lin Daqin really won the highest prize and became famous all over the world. Since then, Chaoshan people believe that eating the head of a chicken is a good sign, so their children wear red skin when they enter school, and hold a cock like Lin Daqin. Give the children a chicken head when they leave the garden.
As the saying goes, "15% of the population is 16%", which means that after 15 and 16 years old, children will jump out of the garden wall and really embark on the road of life, so they are called leaving the garden. There is a poem:
Twelve flowers are bathed in water, and the red clogs are full of fragrance;
In-laws bowed deeply in bed and jumped out of the garden to become adults. There are many large and small temples in urban and rural areas, such as Bogong Temple, Guandi Temple and Sanshanwang Temple. Every temple is dedicated to gods, commonly known as "Master". There are many temples and many faiths, ranking first in both urban and rural areas of the county.
Every year on the eighth day of the eighth month, the fifteenth day of the first month, or the birthday of the "old man", no matter how busy the work is, every housewife should prepare three kinds of fruits, peaches and incense sticks and worship in the temple in the morning, which has become a firm custom of women. Especially after the birth of Mazu on March 23 of the lunar calendar, the urban and rural residents and villagers who stayed nearby began to bring people of all ages, dressed in red and green, carrying baskets, incense sticks and fruits, killing pigs and sheep, and flocked to Mazu Palace to worship.
The custom of worshipping the gods of the left-behind people has become a beautiful landscape of the left-behind folk beliefs. The eighth festival in Liugu refers to eight important folk festivals, namely Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve. The local customs are similar, but they all have their own characteristics. Only its features are described below.
Spring Festival: You must bring oranges when you pay a New Year call, and those who stay are called "Daji". When the gift is returned, it will also be returned to Daji, saying it is "Universiade". When entertaining guests, you must put "four cents", that is, put the chicken head, chicken feet, chicken ass and chicken on the chicken plate. When guests eat, try to eat chicken and never eat anything else.
Lantern Festival: In Liupang country, kerosene lamps are packed in bamboo tubes.
Tomb-Sweeping Day: Grave-sweeping must be carried out three days before and three days after Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Dragon Boat Festival: Liu Zhu faces the Han River. I used to race dragon boats and eat brown balls, among which the "brown mast" was the most distinctive.
Zhongyuan: In the past, a memorial ceremony was held in front of Mama Palace.
Mid-Autumn Festival: There is a saying that "the full moon is also full", and many overseas Chinese and foreigners choose this day to go back.
Winter solstice: commonly known as the winter festival, we eat the winter festival round. When making winter festival circles, each family sits around a "Miro" (shallow, along the laundry list) pavilion, takes out pink balls, rubs them into marble-like winter festival circles, and puts them in the "Miro". The more uneven, the better. This is called "Father and Son Gongsun" circle, which symbolizes the New Year.
New Year's Eve: family dinner, called "around the stove", means happy reunion. Usually, no matter how far the family is scattered, they must go home for reunion before New Year's Eve. After "surrounding the stove", the elders should give the juniors "lucky money", and the juniors who can earn money should also give the elders red envelopes. On this day, you can't make noise and break plates, bowls and other utensils. If you break them, you can say something auspicious to make up for your mistakes, such as "opening your mouth to make a fortune", which symbolizes that the whole family is full from beginning to end. The water tank at home should be filled with water, and the rice tank should be filled with rice. To symbolize that "more than a year" is an all-night night with indoor and outdoor lights, and every family keeps the old age, commonly known as "keeping the old age". At zero, every household sets off firecrackers.
Others include the Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. On this day, people in Liuzhi urban and rural areas often go to Phoenix Mountain to watch the sunrise. Grain is the main life, that is, on the fifteenth day of the tenth lunar month, farmers cook the ears of fruits and beans, and kill pigs and geese to sacrifice to the valley god. The Lord of the five grains was handed down as Shennong. Sending stoves, that is, on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, every household prepares all kinds of offerings, places them in front of the stoves to worship, and sends the kitchen god to serve in heaven. On the fourth day of the first month, we should clean the house, prepare an altar of clean water and straw, and put incense on the stove to welcome the return of the kitchen god, commonly known as "God falling into heaven." There are four etiquette in life, namely: birth ceremony, leaving the garden, wedding and funeral. Since ancient times, there have been differences between complexity and simplicity, and the main local characteristics are:
Birthday Ceremony: Pregnancy is called "happiness" and "identity". There are many taboos during pregnancy, such as avoiding mourning, cutting cloth and sewing clothes, nailing walls, starting work, fasting shrimp, geese, muscovy ducks, mutton and beef. The full moon is called "the opposite moon", and relatives and friends send pork and eggs to congratulate each other. The host invites relatives and friends to eat dining tables, so that the baby can see the sky out of the delivery room and the parturient can go out of the delivery room. Grandma wants to send a new shirt and trousers, a new waist bag, a new strap and a new cradle. Every year after the baby is called "Right Age", parents should give him a "birthday" and let him eat eggs at ordinary times. 5 1 year-old is called "longevity" and it is necessary to "have a big birthday". Some are complicated and simple, while others are complicated, so we should have a big banquet and invite friends and relatives to eat and drink. "Making a birthday" is a memorial ceremony to the birth ceremony.
Outside the garden: Look outside the garden.
Wedding: In ancient times, "Six Rites" were practiced, namely, proposing marriage, engagement, hiring, inviting guests and welcoming guests. After the founding of New China, weddings have been reformed, with free love as the mainstay. But with the improvement of people's living standards, big weddings advocate luxury. In cities, weddings are often held in restaurants to entertain guests, while in rural areas, some have made dozens of tables, leaving people to pursue an atmosphere of "the more lively the better".
Funeral: there are differences between urban and rural areas, and there are six standard procedures: one is to park the body in the ancestral hall or hall; The second is to report the death to relatives and friends; Third, children should bid farewell to the dead, and dead women should wait for their parents to see them before they can cover the coffin; Fourth, mourning, relatives and friends go to the mourning hall to pay homage, and family members wake up day and night and mourn at dawn; The fifth is pivot, also known as "mourning"; Sixth, bring the deceased back to the door, and the family will meet him in the team. In the future, we should worship from "the first seven days" to "the last seven days" The villagers in Chabei area of huangliu town are all from Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and belong to Hakka settlements. Its customs and habits have many unique features, such as the hospitality of villagers, which greatly exceeds that of people in plain areas; Linguistically, it is also different from other Hakkas, and Hakka dialect is heavier and more local; Women and workers are no less than local men.
(1) marriage. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the marriage in Chabei area was controlled by the words of the media, the lives of parents and the mouth of "calculation". In some alpine mountainous areas, poor families adopt "child brides" and are engaged for life from childhood, while a few wealthy families have three rooms and four concubines. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's government promulgated a new Marriage Law, prohibiting and abolishing the unreasonable old marriage system, revoking the engagement of child brides, allowing widows to remarry, equality between men and women, and freedom of marriage. During the Great Leap Forward and New China, a large number of young men and women in each village participated in collective farmland labor, and in the process of labor, they established feelings for each other and established husband-wife relationship. For example, Hu in Chabei Village and Liu in Zhexi Village were both married at the labor site. They are all free to fall in love and get married. In the mid-1970s, a collective wedding was held in Chabei Township, where men and women got married at the same time, breaking through the old habit of watching the day on the wedding day. In the 1980s, new types of marriage became popular, such as traveling to get married without catering. However, with the improvement of people's living standards, wedding etiquette has been re-valued.
(2) Funeral. Before liberation, due to historical tradition, rich people did Buddhist services when they were in mourning, which was called "July 7 disaster relief". Please choose the cemetery according to the geographical gods, and spend money like water. Poor families borrow money to live frugally. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's government publicized to get rid of superstitions and called for the abolition of feudal customs. The larger villages are Nan, Gexia, Jingang and Chabei. Villagers consciously organize associations for the elderly, advocate simple funeral services, help each other effectively, and change customs.
(3) Celebrate. Local villagers get married, marry daughters-in-law, have children, enter new houses and celebrate their birthdays. On most festive days, the relatives and friends of the host family and the elders in the village will get together, hold wedding banquets and eat wedding candy, which is very lively. In the late 1970s, on some festive days, villagers were invited to see a movie to increase the festive atmosphere.
(4) Folklore.
invitation Whenever villagers do good deeds, they will issue "invitations", which are divided into two categories: full posts and half posts. Twelve posts are called full posts, and simple posts are called half posts. All posts are invited to family members, relatives and elders from other places, and half posts are invited to locals and relatives. When the host has a happy event and needs to hold a banquet, such as marrying a daughter-in-law, giving birth to a child, celebrating a birthday, etc. He must send invitations to his relatives and friends. Generally, people who receive invitations cannot refuse, but they must attend the banquet at that time, but they must bring gifts to congratulate them. For the category of "funeral service", there is no need to send an invitation letter, but to send someone to make an oral announcement. After the announcement, the notified person must give the informant a red envelope and snacks. When eating snacks, be sure to put four small discs on the table to show your gratitude and wish him peace.
Badge. There are still some ancient superstitions and customs in the local mountainous areas. Whenever someone in the villagers' family falls ill, it is necessary to call Mr. "Divination" to calculate divination or draw symbols to drive away ghosts (commonly known as book delivery ghosts).
The second burial. There is still a strange funeral for the dead in Chabei area. After the death of ordinary people, please ask the fairy to see a auspicious place and bury it in the earth first (also called the big burial place); After a few years, do feng shui for the dead. If the deceased is unlucky, it will take 60 years to do Feng Shui.
The first burial is called big burial or earth delivery. After choosing a place on the mountain, dig a cave and dig acupuncture points into the form of an air-raid shelter. According to the mountain, dig a tunnel bigger than the coffin, put the coffin in, and then seal the tomb.
After several years, open the tomb, pull out the coffin, open the bones, and put the pottery pots in the order of the human body. Pottery pots are called golden pots. If the bones of the deceased are rotten, put a handful of dirt in the golden jar. Then cover the jar, put it in the pre-dug feng shui cave, and ask the plasterer to build a permanent grave with lime. The size of the base of the tomb not only shows the identity of the deceased, but also represents the wealth and social status of the deceased family.
If the age and time of death of the deceased are unlucky, the locals call it "stiff neck", and the descendants and relatives of the deceased can't cry, which will bring ominous signs to future generations. After the burial, the geomantic omen must be restored within 100 days, otherwise it will take 60 years, and no descendants can visit the grave within these 60 years.