The Battle of Hanquan: Under what background did the war between Huangdi and Yan Di break out?
Zhong Er, Jin Wengong, "told Bu Yan to predict it, saying: Auspicious, this is a sign that the Yellow Emperor will fight in Hanquan". Later, Sima Qian "went to Kongtong in the west, crossed Zhuolu in the north, gradually became Song Jian in the east, and drifted to Jiangzhun in the south", collected folk stories, visited and investigated, and wrote Historical Records of the Five Emperors, which restored the whole historical process of the Battle of Hanquan.
Historical Records of the Five Emperors describes the background of the war: "At the time of Xuanyuan, Shennong's world declined, and the vassal states invaded the people, but Shennong was able to levy. So Xuanyuan is used for fighting, so as not to enjoy the levy. The pilgrims of the vassal state want to invade the vassal state from the mausoleum ... Emperor Yan, and the vassal state belongs to Xuanyuan. Xuanyuan is Xiu De's pendant that inspires soldiers, cures five kinds of qi and blood, caresses the whole people, spreads in all directions, and teaches Xiong Xiang to be brave and brave? Tiger, in order to fight against Emperor Yan in the wild of Hanquan, fought three wars and then won his ambition. "
It can be seen that the battle of Hanquan took place at the end of Shennong era, and the clan rules and regulations in the heyday opened up by primitive agricultural inventions had already declined. The war for material wealth is increasing day by day, which poses a great threat to normal production, manufacturing and life, and social division is increasing day by day. The customary law of the clan system seems unable to adjust social problems.
In order to cope with more and more wars, at first, families and tribes cooperated to form alliances, and later formed consortia with more categories. The Yellow Emperor tribe with strong fighting capacity used violence to attract disobedient people, and became a "chief" with high prestige according to the principle of "taking strength as the male". Many weaker tribes also defected one after another in order to maintain it. However, Yan Di tribes with similar themes and activities are still conquering in four directions, expanding their camps and trying to occupy the influence of heroes. Therefore, when the two great powers met, the battle of Hanquan finally appeared between Huangdi and Yan Di.
This is also the battle for hegemony between two distant families of the same ancestor in the internal structure of Huaxia Group. According to Guoyusi, in the genealogy circulated, its ancestors also disintegrated Shaodian's daughter country and had a marriage life group with the Ba family. One originated in Jishui, and immediately painted water. The origin is not Du Lin, but Shaanxi Linyou traveled to the northwest, and martial arts entered Wei.
One of Ji's family succeeded in Jishui, and the other originated in the upper and lower reaches of Weihe River in Shaanxi today, in Qingjiang River in Baoji today, and now it is Jiang's family that succeeded. In the course of thousands of years, these two ancient clans have become more and more prosperous, and many daughter clans have disintegrated and developed into many tribes. In addition to staying in their ancestral homes, many tribes have developed into new living environments. Today, Huangdi He, who stepped onto the historical stage five thousand years ago, is a descendant of Ji and Jiang, two ancient tribes who developed eastward and arrived in Hebei and Henan today.
Won the surname of Huangdi, and it is said that there are bears. He was born in xinzheng city and lived in Xuanyuan Mountain, hence the name Xuanyuan. Yan Di, surnamed Jiang, is a descendant of an ancient family that originated in Jiang Shui. However, in the Han Dynasty, the ancient history system software of the legendary era was completely sorted out, and the word "Yan Di Shennong" was easy to appear in the description since then. Therefore, there have been many differences about who fought the Yellow Emperor in the Battle of Hanquan. Traditionally, the Yellow Emperor fought against "Yan Di Shennong".
Therefore, neighbors clearly pointed out that this confrontation should be "Yanhuang confrontation" and built a "Yanhuang United Monument" in Hanquan Village, Yanqing, Beijing, which is actually a historical misunderstanding of mankind. As far as Historical Records written by Sima Qian is concerned, Yan Di and Shen Nong were not the same person in the myth before the Western Han Dynasty. For example, there is a passage in the Record of Five Emperors about the Battle of Hanquan, saying that due to the decline of Shennong and the invasion of vassal states, Huangdi and Yandi took their place and killed each other.
Cui Shu, an expert and scholar in the Qing Dynasty, noticed that "before the decline of classical Chinese, both Shen Nong's surnames were silent about Yan Di, but after the crusade of classical Chinese, both Yan Di's surnames were silent about Shen Nong", and he learned that the people who fought against the Yellow Emperor were Yan Di and had nothing to do with Shen Nong; After that, there was "the vassal state respected Xuanyuan as the king and took the place of Shennong". There is no talk about Emperor Yan here, but Shennong learned that the emperor had nothing to do with Emperor Yan before the Yellow Emperor. Since then, some experts and scholars have investigated the whole process of establishing the word "Yan Di Shennong".
In fact, Huangdi and Yan Di in the Battle of Hanquan have long been called "Huangyan", and the word "Yan Huang" was born late, which represents a completely different definition from "Huangyan". Therefore, the battle of Hanquan is a war between Huangyan and cannot be called "Yanhuang confrontation".
Some scholars also think that Huangdi and Jiang are lineal cousins, and Ji and Jiang are remarried, so they can't fight each other. The Battle of Hanquan was not aimed at Yan Di, but at Chiyou, who destroyed Yan Di and named him, or the Battle of Hanquan was the split and misinformation of the legendary Zhuolu confrontation. However, although the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di were far away from their family tribes, it was a long time ago that the ancestors of these two tribes disintegrated from the same matriarchal clan and spread eastward along different routes during the Battle of Hanquan. By the end of primitive society,
The rapid development of public ownership has split the ancient unity of consanguineous family members and * *, resulting in a new concept of "1 divided into strong and weak", so this hegemonic war between distant relatives and tribes should be inevitable. At this time, there were many tribes and wars, and there were a lot of new archaeological discoveries as evidence. History has been passed down from mouth to mouth, and there will be divisions and some integrations in popular links. Even if there are some similarities between an account of the battle of Hanquan and the battle of Zhuolu, it can't be said to be a war.
In this battle, the Yellow Emperor won his ambition after three wars. After the war of Hanquan, Huangdi and Yandi formed an alliance with some tribes mainly subordinate to them, forming the embryonic form of a new alliance beyond the alliance of family tribes, establishing the main position of Huangdi and opening the prelude to the heroic era. Emperor Yan was speechless, willing to surrender and vowed not to confront the Yellow Emperor again. After the War of Han Quan, China's political system was promoted and produced a landmark historical change.