What if mushrooms can't grow in cold weather?
(1) temperature
The optimum temperature for basidiospore germination is 22-26℃.
The temperature range of mycelium growth is 5-24℃, and the optimum temperature is 24-27℃. However, due to the protection of wood, mushroom wood can survive safely in the mountains with the temperature below -20℃ or in the low altitude areas with the temperature above 40℃, and the mycelium will not die.
Lentinus edodes is a kind of low temperature and variable temperature mushroom. Lentinus edodes primordium differentiated at 8-2 1℃, and 10- 12℃ was the best. The fruiting body develops in the range of 5-24℃, and the optimum temperature is 8-65438 06℃. In the same variety, at low temperature (10- 12℃), the fruiting body develops slowly, the stipe is short, the flesh is thick and the quality is good. At high temperature (above 20℃), the fruiting body develops rapidly, the stalk is long, the pulp is thin and the quality is poor. At constant temperature, Lentinus edodes does not form fruiting bodies.
(2) Moisture
In sawdust culture medium, the optimum water content for mycelium growth is 60-70%; The suitable water content of mushroom wood is 32-40%, the survival rate of inoculation below 32% is not high, and the mycelium growth is extremely poor under the condition of 10%- 15%. In the process of fruiting body formation, the moisture content of mushroom wood should be kept at about 60%, and the air humidity should be 80-90%.
(3) Nutrition
Lentinus edodes is a wood rot fungus, its main nutrients are carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds, as well as a small amount of inorganic salts and vitamins. All kinds of nutrients in mushroom wood and culture medium can only be absorbed and utilized by mushrooms if they are dissolved in water.
① Carbon source
Mushroom mycelium can use a wide range of carbon sources, including monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, and the sugar concentration is 1-5%.
② Nitrogen source
Mushroom mycelium can use organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, but not nitrate nitrogen and industrial nitrate nitrogen. In the vegetative growth stage of Lentinus edodes mycelium, the ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source is 25-40: 1, and high concentration of nitrogen will inhibit the differentiation of Lentinus edodes primordia. In the reproductive growth stage, higher carbon is needed.
③ Mineral elements
Besides magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus and potassium, the coexistence of iron, zinc and manganese can promote the growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium and have complementary effects. Calcium and boron can inhibit the growth of mushroom mycelium.
④ Vitamins
The growth of mushroom mycelium must absorb vitamin B 1, and other vitamins are not needed. The concentration of vitamin B 1 suitable for mushroom growth is about 100 μm per liter of culture medium. During wood cultivation, the mycelium of Lentinus edodes secretes a variety of enzymes to decompose macromolecules such as lignin, cellulose and starch, and absorbs carbon, nitrogen and mineral elements from the phloem and xylem of Lentinus edodes.
(4) Air
Lentinus edodes belongs to aerobic fungi, and sufficient fresh air is one of the important environmental conditions to ensure the normal growth and development of Lentinus edodes. Agrocybe aegerita and Agrocybe aegerita, the cultivation environment is too closed and easy to be deformed.
(5) light
Lentinus edodes is a phototactic fungus, and appropriate intensity of diffuse light is a necessary condition for Lentinus edodes to complete its normal life history. However, mycelium growth does not require light. The results showed that blue light with the wavelength of 380-540nm inhibited the growth of mycelium, but it was most beneficial to the formation of primordia. The differentiation, growth and development of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes need light. Without light, fruiting bodies cannot be formed. The research shows that the light intensity of 40-7-lx is more suitable. Lentinus edodes primordium is often long in the dark, with small cover, long stalk, light color, thin meat and poor quality.
(6) pH value
The pH value of the culture solution suitable for mushroom mycelium growth is 5-6. The pH value of 3.5-4.5 is suitable for the formation of Lentinus edodes primordia and the development of fruiting bodies. In the process of wood decay, the pH value of mushroom wood decreases continuously, thus promoting the formation of fruiting bodies.