Introduction to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway?
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway starts from Xining City in Qinghai Province in the east and ends in Lhasa City in Tibet in the west. Let Zhongda Consulting take you to this asphalt highway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world.
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway starts from Xining City in Qinghai Province in the east and ends in Lhasa City in Tibet in the west. Construction started in 1950 and opened to traffic in 1954. It is the highest altitude and longest asphalt road in the world. It is also the shortest, best and safest road to Tibet. The scenery along the way is majestic and rich. You can see grasslands, salt lakes, Gobi, mountains, deserts and other landscapes. Open to traffic all year round, it is the busiest highway among the five routes into Tibet. Drivers tend to get tired after driving for a long time, so there are many traffic accidents. From time to time you will see trucks flipped under the roadbed along the way, so be especially careful when taking the Qinghai-Tibet Line.
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway has a total length of 1,937 kilometers and is a national secondary highway. The roadbed is 10 meters wide, the slope is less than 7%, the minimum radius is 125 meters, the maximum driving speed is 60 kilometers per hour, and the average altitude of the entire line is Above 4,000 meters, although the altitude of the line is high, after ascending to the Kunlun Mountains, the plateau surface is an ancient lake basin landform with gentle undulations. 474 culverts and more than 60 bridges have been built in total, with a total length of 1,347 kilometers. The initial construction, The total investment in highway reconstruction and equipment purchase is 405 billion yuan, with an average cost of 252 million yuan per kilometer.
Beginning of construction
Project
The construction of this highway started in 1950 and was opened to traffic in 1954.
On December 25, 1984, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and the Sichuan-Tibet Highway,
the Qinghai-Tibet Sichuan-Tibet Highway Monument was established in Lhasa to commemorate the glorious achievements of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and great sacrifice.
In 2014, there was a feature film to commemorate the 60th anniversary of its opening to traffic. The video is attached to "Xinhua News Agency's Five Questions on the Construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway: When will it be able to pass through Lhasa - Sina News".
Road Section
The route from Xining City to Golmud City passes through high mountains such as Rubber Mountain (3,800 meters above sea level), Wanggaxiu Mountain (3,680 meters above sea level), and Tuotu Mountain (3,500 meters above sea level). It crosses the Dashui River, Xiangride River, Gaikeguang River, Basi River, Qingshui River, Hongshui River and other rivers, with a total length of 782 kilometers, of which 564 kilometers belong to plain and slightly hilly areas, and belong to heavy hilly areas. The mileage is 218 kilometers. The entire section has an altitude of 2200-3800 meters. The section from Golmud City to Lhasa crosses Kunlun Mountain (4,600 meters above sea level), Fenghuoshan Mountain (5,010 meters above sea level), Tanggula Mountain (5,320 meters above sea level), Touerjiu Mountain (5,180 meters above sea level) and other high mountains, and crosses the Chumar River, Hong Kong The Liang River, Qushui River, Xiushui River, Beilu River, Yamal River, Tongtian River and other rivers have a total length of 1,161 kilometers, of which 1,013 kilometers belong to Pingqiu District and 148 kilometers in Chongqiu District. The entire section is above 4,000 meters above sea level.
The original construction standards of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway were low, and it ran through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The climate conditions along the route were harsh and the geological conditions were particularly poor. Therefore, the road suffered serious diseases after it was opened to traffic, and it has been continuously renovated and reconstructed.
Significance
Before the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and the Sichuan-Tibet Highway were opened to traffic, a round trip from Lhasa to Xining, Qinghai or Chengdu, Sichuan was carried out by people and animals, and the arduous trek took half a year to 1 year in the wind, snow and severe cold. Years (one way is several months), by 1989, the region had transported more than 10 million tons of various types of materials into Tibet and 1.127 million tons of materials out of Tibet, which greatly promoted the development of Tibet's economic construction and the improvement of people's lives. , changed the long-term closed situation of Tibet, and played an extremely important role in Tibet's economic construction and national defense construction. The highway only takes a few days, which greatly shortens the transportation time between Tibet and other places.
Tibet, the "third pole" of the world, is a magical and beautiful place. It has always been a Buddhist holy land that many people yearn for. However, the rugged terrain, high mountains and rivers block its connection with the outside world. In early 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army advanced into Tibet. This heroic army followed the call of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao's instruction of "marching while building roads while building roads". Together with the Tibetan compatriots, they carried forward the spirit of hard struggle and went through hardships and overcome all difficulties. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Highway, with a total length of more than 4,360 kilometers, have been built on the roof of the world, allowing the Tibetan people to use modern transportation to replace the extremely backward transportation method of people and animals for thousands of years, and pioneered the development of Tibet's transportation industry new chapter.
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway is an important channel connecting Tibet with the mainland of the motherland. In the highway era, it was responsible for the transportation of more than 85% of materials entering Tibet and more than 90% of materials leaving Tibet. It plays an important role in Tibet’s economic development and social stability. It plays an important role and is known as the "lifeline" of Tibet.
Comprehensive reconstruction
About
Comprehensive reconstruction began in 1974, and the highway standard was raised to a second-class highway and asphalt pavement was added. The reconstruction project from Xining City to Golmud City was completed in 1978. As of the end of 1984, more than 70% of the reconstruction work on the section from Golmud City to Lhasa City had been completed.
The reconstruction project of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is extremely arduous, especially the paving of asphalt pavement in high-altitude permafrost areas, which has no precedent in any country.
According to the ice content in the ice layer of the soil base, Chinese engineering and technical personnel adopted the method of filling the roadbed with a sufficient height to protect the frozen soil, so that the heat absorbed by the road surface would not affect the frozen soil soil base under the roadbed, and adopted roadbed drainage facilities. To prevent surface water from eroding the roadbed, thus achieving the purpose of stabilizing the roadbed. After years of operational observation, the reconstructed road section is in good condition.
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway reconstruction project started in 1975. It is an unprecedented black pavement project in the alpine and permafrost areas in the world. With a total investment of 760 million yuan, it is the largest project in the history of Chinese highways.
Achievements
In August 1985, the black pavement project for the entire Qinghai-Tibet Highway was basically completed, which greatly improved transportation efficiency and significantly improved economic benefits. It can save 50 million yuan in transportation costs every year. The traffic density has increased significantly, with the maximum traffic flow reaching more than 3,000 vehicles per day and night, and the driving speed increasing from 20 kilometers per hour to 60 kilometers per hour.
It needs to be improved
But it still needs to be carried out on the asphalt pavement paved in the early stage, the temporary bridges and culverts along the line that are not suitable for heavy vehicles, the thermal melt subsidence of the permafrost zone and the roadbed grouting sections. Remodeled and completely renovated.
Odometer along the route
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway (the Xining-Lhasa section of National Highway 109) starts from Xining City, Qinghai Province in the north and ends in Lhasa City, Tibet in the south. It is a national secondary highway trunk line with a road bed width of 10 meters, the slope is less than 7%, and the maximum driving speed is 60 kilometers/hour. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway covers 528 kilometers in Tibet, and the 1,140-kilometer section from Qinghai Golmud to Lhasa is managed by Tibet. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway passes through the Kunlun Mountains, the Hoh Xil Mountains, the Tanggula Mountains and the beautiful northern Tibetan grasslands, with an average altitude of more than 4,500 meters.
Xining-(123)--Daotang River-(196)--Chaka-(484)--Golmud-(269)--Wudaoliang-(150)--Tuotuo Riverside -(91)--Yanshiping-(100)--Tanggula Pass-(89)--Anduo-(138)--Naqu-(164)--Dangxiong-(75)--Yangbajing-(78 )--Lhasa.
Transportation Guide
When entering Tibet from Qinghai, you can first take a bus from Xining to Golmud. Golmud is about 1,100 kilometers away from Lhasa, and the drive takes about 24 hours. Most vehicles entering Tibet depart from Golmud. Qinghai Qaidam Transport Company and Tibet Passenger Transport Company have several passenger buses (domestic cars, imported luxury cars and sleeper cars) sent to Lhasa every day. There are also many trucks heading to Lhasa at the Tibet Golmud Transport Station, where you can catch a ride. The price is negotiable with the driver.
A special tourist line (domestic luxury sleeper car) has been opened from Lanzhou to Lhasa. The special bus passes through Kumbum Monastery, Riyue Mountain, Qinghai Lake, Golmud Salt Lake, Tanggula Pass, Geladandong, Tuotuo River, Nagqu and Dang Xiong Grassland, Namtso, Yangbajing and other scenic spots.
Pay attention to your health
·Most travel books recommend that when entering Tibet for the first time, it is best to take the Qinghai-Tibet Highway to the plateau. Because of the high altitude, almost everyone will suffer from mild or severe altitude sickness. It is usually recommended to fly to Lhasa first and get off the Qinghai-Tibet Highway when returning after your body adapts.
Keep warm
·The best travel season is from May to October every year. Winter is too cold and there are few tourists. Even if you are traveling on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in midsummer, it is best to prepare sweaters, down vests and other winter clothing. Rain and snow are common, and the temperature may drop below 0 degrees Celsius.
Pay attention to your diet
·The food on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is divided into two categories: ordinary restaurants mostly serve "Sichuan cuisine", and halal restaurants mainly serve pasta and mutton. Drivers who run the long-distance Qinghai-Tibet line all know which restaurant has delicious food. Travelers can bring some fruits, dried fruits and chocolates with them.
High altitude areas
·For self-driving travelers, it is recommended to pass through high altitude areas as quickly as possible. The more difficult section from Golmud to Lhasa is 1,100 kilometers long. It usually starts at 3 or 4 o'clock in the morning and can be reached at night. If you want to stay in Naqu, Anduo or Damxong, the conditions are relatively better.
Scenery along the line
Xining, Qinghai - Qinghai Lake - Golmud - Tanggula Pass - Nagqu - Damxion - Namtso
Riyue Mountain in Xining
Leave Xining via Huangyuan to Riyue Mountain, with an altitude of 3,250 meters. The Shandong slope is the windward slope of the summer wind and is covered with green grass. The Shanxi slope is slightly scorched due to the leeward side, with clear yin and yang. There is a river on the western slope that flows westward and flows into Qinghai Lake. All rivers in my country are "a river of spring water flows eastward", but the river flowing westward is named "Daotang River". There is a stone monument dividing Tang and Tibet at Riyue Mountain Pass.
Qinghai Lake
Under the Riyue Mountain is Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saltwater lake in my country. "Kukunuoer" in Mongolian means "blue lake". The lake is as vast as the sea, the lake is as blue as the sky, and the cauliflower on the lakeside is fragrant and golden. There are several tourist spots along the east coast of the lake. Crossing the Heima River for 70 kilometers is the Bird Island Hotel. The nearby yurt hotels are very cheap. There is also a 15-kilometer beach road from the hotel to Bird Island. Because it was summer, the overwhelming lively scene of thousands of bar-headed geese, swans, and brown-headed gulls in April had completely disappeared. Only the black cormorants squatted on the island with their necks curled up.
Golmud
There are buses from Xining Railway Station to Golmud, which is more than 780 kilometers away and can be reached in 16 hours. Golmud is the western end of Qinghai Province on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and a transfer station for supplies entering Tibet.
The city is beginning to take shape, but its population is only 300,000. Every summer, it is bustling with people, and the flow of people in and out is overwhelming, stimulating the development of the passenger transport industry. The altitude of the Kunlun Mountain Pass is over 4,500 meters, passing Bufrozen Spring and Wudaoliang. Because it is a newly selected route, there are very few Tibetan settlements from Golmud to Amdo. There are mainly Taobao, military depots or hotels along the way.
Kunlun Pass
The altitude of the Kunlun Pass is over 4,500 meters, passing the Bufrozen Spring and Wudaoliang.
Kunlun Mountain Geopark.
Kekexili
Kekexili Nature Reserve.
Sonamdaje Nature Reserve.
Source of the Yangtze River
The Tuotuo River is the intersection of the source of the Yangtze River and the Qinghai-Tibet Line. It is more than 100 kilometers away from the source of the Yangtze River southwest of Geladandong Snow Peak. Geladandong Peak, with an altitude of 6621 meters, is the highest peak in the Tanggula Mountains. Jianggu Diru Glacier, the largest valley glacier in the southwest of Geladandong Peak, has a length of 12.8 kilometers and an altitude of 5,395 meters at the end. It is the birthplace of the Yangtze River.
Tanggula Pass
After passing Class 104 and Tanggula Military Station, we start to climb the 5,200-meter Tanggula Pass. Because the road below the mountain pass is already 4,900 meters above sea level, Tanggula, which is 5,206 meters higher, is just a "small mountain" with a relative height of 300 meters. But just after arriving on the plateau, at a height where the atmospheric oxygen content is only 60%, if you stop for a little longer, you will feel obvious discomfort, not to mention the fatigue of the pommel horse after riding for a long time. Tanggula gave many Tibetans a showdown, leaving them with lingering fears, and their expressions changed when talking about Tanggula.
Amdo Grassland
Qiangtang Grassland
Nagqu
Nagqu, an important town in northern Tibet, means "Black River" in Tibetan, with an altitude of 4800 meters Mi, a distribution center for animal husbandry products, and Xiaodeng Temple, a famous temple in northern Tibet, are located in the town. It connects to Qamdo in the east, Ngari in the west, Xining in the north, and Lhasa in the south. It is the administrative, economic and transportation center of northern Tibet.
Dangxiong
80 kilometers south of Nagqu is Gulu Hot Spring, with a snow peak standing on the west side. 70 kilometers further south is Damxung Town under the jurisdiction of Lhasa City (4,600 meters above sea level).
Namtso
Namtso, one of the three holy lakes famous in Tibet, is like a dazzling jasper, inlaid on the Changtang Plateau north of the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains. It is called "Tenggrihai" in Mongolian, which means "Sky Lake". The lake is 4,718 meters above sea level, which is 906 meters higher than "Lake Titicaca", which is known as the highest lake in the world. It is the second largest saltwater lake in my country after Qinghai Lake. Herbaceous plants such as edelweiss, moss, and sageweed grow in the vast lakeside. The water grass is abundant and it is a natural pasture that can be used for grazing all year round. For hundreds of years, countless Tibetans have come here devoutly, not for sightseeing, but just to pray. According to Tibetan custom, it is the will of the Buddha to go to the lake in the year of the sheep, to the mountains in the year of the horse, and to the forest in the year of the monkey. Namtso is a holy place for body, speech and mind. If you can walk around the lake, you will gain profound knowledge and immeasurable merits, give up bad habits and suffering, and finally achieve positive results. For this reason, the auspicious Dharma Wheel has designated Gangdise, the holy place of turning around, as the Year of the Horse, Namco, the holy place of turning around as the Year of the Sheep, and Zari Mountain, the holy place as turning around as the Year of the Monkey. During the Sagadawa Festival of the Year of the Sheep (April to May in the Tibetan calendar), the Chatsu Monastery, Tashi Doche Monastery, Guqiong Monastery and Duojia Monastery near Namtso will become filled with incense and lively. The crowd of people passing by is like a flowing river, flowing endlessly.
Yangbajing
Yangbajing has geothermal heat.
The above is the relevant information about the Qinghai-Tibet Highway introduced by the Construction Network.
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