The white dew is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Who wrote it ...

Open classification: vocabulary, book of songs

Table of contents comes from the explanation of the title of the poem

Comments on the translation of the annotation of The Book of Songs Jia Jian

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Qin Feng, the national style of the Book of Songs

Explanation of the title of the poem < Pale: lush and dark.

The Book of Songs

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The white dew is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side! Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water.

it's sad, but the white dew is still wet. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and forth from it, the road is blocked and broken, go back and forth from it, and drown in the water.

the dew is not yet in the harvest. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and follow it, and the road is blocked and right. Swim back from it and swim in the water.

note

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Jian (jiān jiā): reed.

Cang: lush and dark.

Yiren: that person.

Fang: one side, that is, one side.

Backward: upstream. Rugged.

upstream: downstream.

Wan: like, like.

Sad: lush.

I: dry.

Mae: the junction of water and grass, that is, the shore.

Jie. The road is curved.

Zhi (zhǐ): a small beach in the water, slightly larger than Gui.

Translation

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The reeds are dense and green, and the crystal dew forms frost. The good man in my heart stands by the river. Going upstream to find her, the road is too long. Go down the river to find her, as if in the middle of the water.

The reeds are lush, dense and numerous, and the crystal dew is still wet. The good man in my heart stands by the river. Going upstream to find her, the road is rugged and difficult to climb. Go down the river to find her, as if in the water beach.

The roots of reeds are rooted one after another, and the crystal dew is like tears. The good man in my heart stands by the river. Going up against the current to find her, the road is as dangerous as a rope. Go down the river to find her, as if she were in the water.

Comment

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At present, the academic views on the connotation and significance of this poem are not uniform. On the surface, this poem shows the love between men and women. Men are constantly chasing the whereabouts of women and pursuing their own beautiful love. In fact, there is a shadow of the tradition of vanilla beauty in the poem. The Iraqis imply that the monarch is the pursuer, and the minister hopes to get the reuse of the monarch and constantly pursue it to express his loyalty and enthusiasm. This poem is very vague and unpredictable, and how to understand it is ok. If we want to investigate its deep meaning, it is estimated that it still shows the relationship between the monarch and the minister.

It not only clearly describes the objective scenery seen by the hero at this time, but also implies his mood and feelings at this time, which is consistent with the poet's sad mood trapped in melancholy thoughts. In other words, the poet's sad state of mind is also enhanced by such a cool autumn scene, and the image is concrete. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Those who care about the situation are self-interested, and they are self-interested. Although the scene is divided into mind and matter. And the scenery gives birth to feelings, feelings give birth to scenery, the touch of sorrow and joy, the welcoming of glory and strain, and hiding each other's homes. "This poem is to combine the unique scenery of late autumn with the euphemistic and melancholy acacia feelings of the characters, thus rendering the atmosphere of the whole poem and creating an artistic conception that is full of fans and scenes. In addition, the poem "Jia Jian" combines the real situation with imagination and fantasy in one ambition, and strengthens the appeal of lyric writing by means of the mutual growth of reality and reality and the fuzziness and obscurity of images. "The so-called Iraqi people are on the other side of the water" was his first illusion. He clearly saw a figure on the other side, but he couldn't get to her side. "Wan in the middle of the water" was his second illusion. Suddenly, he felt that his loved one appeared on the island surrounded by flowing water in front, but he couldn't swim to her side. That beautiful image is "on the water side" for a while and "in the middle of the water" for a while; One moment on the shore, the other on the highland. It's like being in a fantasy, in a dream, but the protagonist firmly believes that this is true and spares no effort and hardship to pursue her. This is a vivid and profound description of the psychopath of an infatuated person and his strong feelings for his loved ones. The ambiguity and confusion of this image make the whole poem have a hazy aesthetic feeling and give birth to an artistic appeal with endless charm.

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Jia Jian belongs to Qin Feng. In Zhou Xiaowang, Fei Zi, the ancestor of Qin, was sealed in Qin Valley (now Tianshui, Gansu). When Ping Wang moved to the east, Qin Xianggong got a large fief to the west of Qishan for sending troops to escort him. Later, Qin gradually moved eastward, all in Yong (now Xingping, Shaanxi). Qin area includes the area from Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province to southeastern Gansu Province. Qin Feng * * * ten articles, mostly folk songs in this area in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

There have always been different interpretations of this poem. Some people think that the author is missing his lover, and the main idea of the poem is to write about love; Some people say that the poet satirized Qin Xianggong's inability to be a virtuous corporal through his bosom friends, which caused the wise men to live in seclusion and refused to come out as officials; Some people say that the author is a hermit, and this poem is a work of Ming Zhi. We are poetic, and the love between men and women is not clearly shown in the poem. Besides, it is difficult to judge whether "Iraqi" is a man or a woman. It is even more unfounded to say that it is a satire. Therefore, we only regard "Iraqi" as the person whom the author admires and loves, regardless of whether it is male or female.

The sentence "The white dew is frost" points out the time and environment from the image and color. The dense reeds growing by the river are pale blue in color, and the crystal clear dew drops have condensed into thick frost with white brush. The slight autumn wind sends a chill to people, and the boundless autumn water is chilly. In this particular time and space in the bleak and secluded late autumn morning, the poet sometimes stands still, sometimes wanders, sometimes looks up and sometimes frowns and meditates. His anxious and restless mood appeared before our eyes from time to time. It turned out that he was longing for a friend. The phrase "The so-called Iraqi people are on the water side" explains the object of the poet's admiration and the location of the Iraqi people, showing the poet's eagerness to see and see, looking through the autumn water and looking for it. "Iraqi people" refers to people who are close to the poet, revered and loved by the poet and have never forgotten them for a moment. The word "so-called" shows that "Iraqi" is often mentioned and kept chanting, but now he is on the other side of the long river. "On the water side" has a positive tone, which shows that the poet is convinced of his existence and is full of confidence to pursue it, but the river is isolated and it is not easy to meet. "Going back and forth from it, the road is blocked and long; Swim back from it and be in the middle of the water. " Walking up the river path, the road is dangerous and long, even if it takes a long time, it is difficult to reach; If you swim straight across the river, although the distance is not far, you can see the boundless autumn water in front of you, and it is hard to do, as if you saw the figure of Iraqis shaking in the middle of the water. Although the poet stood by the river, his trance-like mind was already flying, and the image of ecstasy that he couldn't help seeing Iraqis was vivid. The wonder of the poem, as Fang Yurun said: "Playing with its words, though it is beyond our reach. Taste its meaning, seek it not far, and think about it. " (The Primitive Book of Songs)

Only a few words have been changed in the second and third chapters of the poem, and the content is basically the same as the first chapter. However, it embodies the musical characteristics of poetry singing, enhances the melodious and harmonious beauty of rhythm, and makes the feelings expressed more and more intense. The first chapter's "grey", the second chapter's "sad" and the last chapter's "picking" show that the color of reeds is from pale green to sad green to white, which makes the bleak atmosphere in late autumn more and more intense, and sets off the poet's cold environment and lonely mood at that time. The transformation of "white dew is frost", "not wet" and "not already" depicts the gradual situation and process of the morning dew becoming frost and melting into autumn water, and vividly draws the track of time development, indicating that the poet came to the riverside at first light and stayed until the sun rose. Imagine how anxious and melancholy he felt when he wandered alone in the cold and lonely wilderness for a long time, facing the boundless autumn water, waiting for people to disappear and missing people! When describing the location of the Iraqi people, due to the transformation of the words "Fang", "Mei" and "Huan", the activities and psychological images of the Iraqi people waiting for poets and poets looking forward to meeting them on the other side are truly described, which greatly broadens the artistic conception of the poem. In addition, the changes such as "long", "leap", "right" and "center", "sweet" and "sweet" also describe the situation that he is in great difficulty in meeting Iraqis and eager to meet friends from different roads and directions. If we relate several groups of transformed words used in the three chapters to taste them, we can better appreciate the meaningful and honest meaning of the poem.

at the beginning of each chapter of the poem, the brushwork of seeing interest in fu is adopted. Through the description and admiration of the real scene in front of me, I painted an ethereal artistic conception, which enveloped the whole article. The poet grasps the unique characteristics of autumn colors, and does not hesitate to paint and render the empty and sad atmosphere in late autumn repeatedly, so as to express the poet's feeling of being disappointed but ardently longing for his friends. As "Words on Earth" said: "The poem Jia Jian is the most impressive." It has the characteristics of "seeing things by myself, so everything is my color" and "its feelings will also be refreshing; Its scenery writing will also be eye-catching; His words blurted out, and there was no state of correcting makeup. "

This poem, which has been widely read, has obvious influence on later generations. Let's look at a description in Song Yu's Nine Debates: "Sad autumn is qi! Bleak, the grass and trees shake down and decline; If you are traveling far; Climbing the mountain near the water will return; The sky is high and the air is clear; Lonely and lonely, the water is clear; It' s sad and sorrowful, and people in the cold. " Here, through the description of the weather in autumn and the situation of vegetation falling, it creates a cold atmosphere and expresses the poet's sad mood. This may be influenced by the poem "Jia Jian", from which we can see the inheritance and development clues of "Songs of the South" to "The Book of Songs". In Nineteen Ancient Poems, there are tall buildings in the northwest, and the writing style of seeing the interest in fu and expressing feelings with scenery also follows the brushwork of the poem Jianjia. Later, Cao Pi, from this poem, translated the poem "The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool, and the vegetation is shaken and exposed as frost". It can be seen that the poem "Jia Jian" has a very important position in the history of ancient poetry.

(selected from Treasures of Appreciation of Chinese Literature, Shaanxi People's Education Publishing House, 1995)

It's fascinating and beautiful-I read Qin Feng Jia Jian

Jia Jian is a lyric masterpiece among 3 articles. It is unique in Qin Feng, which is quite different from other Qin poems. It is a great wonder that there are such exquisite and touching works in Qin, a belligerent and militant state. The text of the work is simple:

The white dew is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water.

This chapter is repeated, and only a few words are changed in the first three chapters. The content of the poem is also extremely simple, writing the so-called "eternal" theme in ancient and modern China and abroad, and men and women are in love. And only choose a specific scene: on such a late autumn morning, there is a lover wandering back and forth on the white river, fascinated and eager to find his (her) missing lover, that's all. However, the aesthetic feeling given by the works is very rich, so rich that "we just feel that we can't get tired of reading it a hundred times" (History of China's Poetry).

let's talk about implicit beauty first. One of the strengths of this poem is to express more with less, and to construct a very broad space for imagination and chewing with seemingly economical words. There is no direct lyricism in the work, and it does not describe how the lover misses his sweetheart, but only writes about his or her actions of seeking and looking for a lover, which is quite similar to the feeling of "leisurely tossing and turning" in Guan Ju. However, the hero's passionate feelings and anxious mood of pursuing his lover, as well as his (her) infatuation, deep-rooted lovesickness and disappointment, are vividly and implicitly expressed through the continuous rush of seeking action and searching left and right. For a while, "follow it" and then "follow it". Who knows how many times there will be? Chen Qiyuan said: "If the husband says that he must ask for it, but he can only see it and can't ask for it, then Mu Yue will benefit." ("Mao Shi Ji Gu Pian") Only when it is "Mu Yue Yi Zhi", but it can be seen that it is impossible to ask for it, the more disappointed it is.

Although the works don't deliberately depict the images of the lovers, they implicitly outline the image characteristics of the giver and receiver through the emotional orientation shown by the protagonist's pursuit of action. Against the clear water, "Yiren" is noble and makes people feel respectable, amiable and lovely. Otherwise, how can he (she) have such a great magnet-like attraction, so strongly attract the pursuer, so that the pursuer is fascinated! The pursuit and admirer of the Iraqi people, who really misses the Iraqi people, seeks the Iraqi people without fear of obstacles and perseverance, and is a passionate and persistent person who yearns for love.

at the same time, the poem only writes about the difficulty of seeking, and the elusive Iraqi "being there" comes to an abrupt end, and the following is no longer expressed. So what will happen to this suitor, which leaves the reader room for imagination. Perhaps he (she) is still continuing his (her) passionate pursuit, because the more impossible things in the world are, the more valuable they feel, and the more interested and urgent they are. Maybe it's grief and infinite disappointment. Perhaps it is a kind of unclear and unspeakable mood, a kind of taste of "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic". But what is it? The author didn't say it. This is the so-called "endless words and endless meanings" or "endless meanings are beyond the words".

let's talk about artistic conception again. In the autumn season, at dawn, the reeds are white, the dew is frost, the autumn wind is rustling, the reeds are undulating, the autumn water is clear and clear, the water is misty, the air is misty, the curved river course and the small continent in the water are just in sight. At this time, an infatuated lover, wandering around the water, he (she) enthusiastically and eagerly pursued his lover. That lover seems to be on the other side of the water, but the water is full of joy, and the river is blocked, so "Iraqi people" can't be reached, so he (she) wanders back and forth, ecstatic, and the inner pain is unspeakable. "Iraqi people are everywhere, but they can't be found", but their figure flashes and shakes from time to time in front of their eyes, sometimes far away, sometimes hidden, sometimes absent, and sometimes flickering. This situation makes the pursuer want to find nothing, and he can't stop. Reading it only makes me feel sad, quiet and meaningful. After deep taste and repeated recitation, we can find that the artistic conception of the poem presents a multi-overlapping, interactive and integrated structure, showing rich and colorful colors.

firstly, the poet pursues his lover's dreamy, infatuated and trance-like subjective feelings, which are integrated with the misty and misty scenery in autumn morning. It seems that this confused mist is the dream of the poet's infatuation at this time, and the scenes are inseparable.

secondly, the poet's pursuit of lover's continuous affection and "Iraqi people are everywhere, but they can't be found" are indistinguishable. If it is not "Wan Zai", the poet will no longer pursue it. Just because it is looming, there is always an ethereal shadow flashing in front of his eyes, which constantly draws the poet's warm feelings, no