Why did the Qing Dynasty perish?
First, close the door.
The fundamental reason for the demise of the Qing dynasty was to close the country. The Qing dynasty adopted a closed-door policy, thinking that it was a celestial empire, and only other countries wanted something from themselves, not from abroad. In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to eliminate the anti-Qing forces, the Qing government implemented a strict policy of sea ban, ordered the blockade of the sea, prohibited ships from entering the sea, and cut off overseas contacts, which affected Chinese and foreign trade and inhibited technological progress.
Second, corruption in the late Qing Dynasty.
During Guangxu period, the crumbling Qing Dynasty faced a huge financial crisis, and "donating officials" became an important financial income of the imperial court, even reaching the absurd point of "idleness and taking officials as the city". The imperial court used "donating officials" to increase fiscal revenue, and officials made money desperately after "donating officials", achieving the ideal win-win situation. However, the money was passed on to the bottom people, leaving countless people who were already poor and struggling on the line of life and death. How can such a regime not die?
Third, backward thinking.
The Manchu Dynasty was a literary inquisition in the early stage when ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains. The boring policy of eliminating dissidents because of violating the ban on writing or the crime of Luo Zhi in the book has completely imprisoned people's thoughts, caused terror to society, caused cultural depression and humiliation, and was conservative and backward in thought, which seriously hindered the development and progress of society.
Fourth, indifference to the military and backward weapons.
A country cannot live without its own army, but the military aspect of the Qing Dynasty was really backward. At first, the Qing army was dominated by the Eight Banners Army, and its internal decay gradually failed. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were famous soldiers such as Xiang Army and Huai Army. However, because this is a local army of the Han people, Cixi did not delegate military power, which led to the fact that the effective army could not kill at will, and the ineffective Qing army was caught up in the battlefield. Coupled with the backwardness of weapons, failure is a matter of time.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) is economically backward.
Economically, the Qing Dynasty was a very backward small-scale peasant economy. Long-term emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce have led to serious backwardness of the world economy. When the West vigorously promoted the industrial revolution and used machines for mass production, China was still a man digging the ground and a woman spinning to make clothes. This backward economy has caused a gap between China and the West. This made the late Qing Dynasty fall into the predicament of poverty and weakness.
Sixth, the changes of the times
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, great changes were taking place in other countries in the world. At that time, many western countries overthrew the old system, entered a new era, completed the industrial revolution, greatly improved their strength and innovated their weapons. In order to develop better, many countries began to expand abroad and plunder resources. At that time, the Qing Dynasty did not see the development of others, but remained stagnant. Therefore, the demise of the Qing Dynasty was abandoned by the times and was an inevitable trend under external oppression.
Seven, foreign invasion and internal worry
① Internal troubles: After the Opium War, class contradictions intensified and uprisings continued everywhere. 185 1 year, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement broke out; 1853, the Taiping Army established a regime against the Qing Dynasty. 1853- 1856, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom launched the Northern Expedition, the Western Expedition and the Eastern Expedition, went deep into the central area ruled by the Qing Dynasty, broke through the camps in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, and dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
② Foreign invasion: The Qing Dynasty was defeated in the Opium War, forced to cede territory, pay reparations and trade, and its sovereignty began to be seriously damaged.
Under this double blow, the Qing government was completely overwhelmed and eventually went to extinction.
Eight. Brief introduction of Qing dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (1636- 19 12) was the last feudal dynasty in the history of China, which was passed from * * * to the twelve emperors, and the ruler was Manchu Ai Xinjue Roche. From the founding of Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi, a total of 296 years. It has been 276 years since Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty changed his country name to Qing Dynasty. It has been 268 years since Qing soldiers entered the customs and established national political power.
During the Qing dynasty, a unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated and developed, and the rulers of the Qing dynasty unified the ministries of Mongolia and divided Xinjiang and the west.
Tibet is incorporated into the territory and actively safeguards the territorial sovereignty and integrity of the country. During the Qianlong period, the pattern of China as a unified multinational world power was finally determined. In its heyday, the Qing Dynasty reached Jungle Lake and Balkhash Lake in the west, Tangnuriang Sea in the northwest, Mobei and Siberia in the north, the Pacific Ocean (including Sakhalin Island) in the east and Nansha Islands in the south. Including more than 50 ethnic groups, the country is unprecedentedly unified.
During this period, China's ancient absolutism also reached its peak. In the early Qing Dynasty, agriculture and commerce were developed, dense commercial cities appeared in the south of the Yangtze River, and large business gangs appeared all over the country. On this basis, the population has exceeded 400 million, accounting for nearly half of the world's total population of one billion.