How difficult is it for Yutu-2 to set a new record for my country’s detectors to land on the moon?
With the continuous development of our country’s aerospace industry, we continue to make breakthroughs in the aerospace field, and we have repeatedly set new records in the lunar exploration project. Recently, Yutu 2 has set a new record in our country. Detector walking records, then let Constellation Knowledge introduce the situation in detail to you!
Yutu 2 has once again set a new record for my country's detector travel. On April 1, it was learned from the Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center of the China National Space Administration that the Chang'e 4 lander and the "Yutu 2" lunar rover successfully completed their first mission. The sixteenth day scientific detection work was completed at 17:30 and 8:25 on March 31, respectively, and the moon night settings were completed, and the sixteenth night dormancy period was entered. During this lunar daytime, the Chang'e-4 lander was in normal working condition and had an energy balance. The payload lunar surface neutron and radiation dose detector and low-frequency radio spectrum analyzer were powered on as planned, and the ground received scientific detection data normally. During the 16th day of the 16th day, the scientific payload carried by the "Yutu 2" lunar rover started normally and continued to carry out science such as infrared imaging of the lunar surface, neutral atom measurements, and detection of the lunar subsurface, lunar soil, and shallow structure of the lunar crust along the patrol route. Task. The "Yutu 2" lunar rover continues to move northwest of the lander according to the planned detection path, and the current accumulated mileage is 424.455 meters. Scientific researchers will conduct scientific analysis of the detection data on this night, and subsequent scientific results will be released in a timely manner.
How difficult is it to land on the far side of the moon? Although the Soviet Union and the United States have completed imaging work on the far side of the moon, no spacecraft has visited this ancient and mysterious land before Chang'e 4 landed on the far side of the moon. One of the main reasons is communication barriers. Due to the obstruction of the moon itself, measurement and control stations on the earth cannot establish radio communications with the far side of the moon, and therefore cannot measure and control spacecraft that fly over or land on the far side of the moon. To put it figuratively, the far side of the moon is not within the "service area".
In order to solve this problem, a new "communication base station" must be built to connect the earth and the back of the moon. After repeated arguments by experts, it was finally decided to place a "Quieqiao" relay star in the Halo orbit around the Earth-Moon Lagrange L2 point. The Earth-Moon Lagrangian L2 point is one of the five translational points in the Earth-Moon system. It is located on the extension line connecting the Earth to the Moon, and is relatively fixed in position with the Earth and the Moon. Due to the special dynamic characteristics of the translation point and its relatively fixed geometric position in the three-body problem, it has unique engineering application value in deep space exploration missions such as parking transfer, relay communication, astronomical observation, and interstellar transfer. .
The "Queqiao" relay satellite is my country's first and the world's first dedicated relay satellite outside the earth's orbit. After the launch on May 21, 2018, under the control of the ground, key controls such as earth-to-moon transfer, lunar power steering, and Halo orbit capture were completed, and the flight around the Halo orbit was successfully achieved. After completing on-orbit accuracy and pointing tests, it has the ability to realize data relay from ground deep space stations and the far side of the moon. The opening of the communication bridge "Magpie Bridge" finally made the soft landing of our country's spacecraft on the back of the moon from a beautiful idea to a reality.
Yutu 2 represents mankind’s successful visit to the far side of the moon. The Chang’e 4 mission is located in the second stage of the three-step process of “circling, landing and returning” of my country’s lunar exploration project. Previously, Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 achieved their first-stage goal of orbiting the moon, and Chang'e 3 successfully landed in Hongwan Bay, becoming my country's first unmanned lunar probe with a soft landing. At 2:23 on December 8, 2018, the Long March 3B carrier rocket took off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center and sent Chang'e 4 into the predetermined orbit, officially kicking off human exploration of the far side of the moon.
On January 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 lander carried Yutu-2 to the back of the moon, and on January 11 of that year, the two vehicles completed mutual photography, marking the successful completion of the Chang'e-4 mission. After that, Yutu-2 took on the main task of patrolling and detecting the far side of the moon. As the first lunar rover to land on the back of the moon, every step taken by Yutu-2 is breaking human records, and every photo sent back is broadening human horizons.
Just landing on the back of the moon, "walking a few steps" and taking a few photos cannot satisfy our desire to explore. Controlling Yutu 2 for further exploration is the goal of the lunar rover "drivers" at the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center. However, the farthest distance from the far side of the moon is more than 400,000 kilometers from the earth. Driving a lunar rover over such a long distance is not as simple as driving on the ground. This requires effective use of remote operation technology on the far side of the moon.
As the main means of controlling Yutu-2, lunar remote operation technology includes five parts: perception, planning, execution, sleep, and wake-up. Perception is to use the lunar rover's navigation camera to take pictures and image the moon. Due to the binocular structure of the navigation camera, two photos can be taken at the same time. Based on these two photos, ground personnel can restore the digital image of the lunar surface to determine the specific terrain of the lunar surface, including the width and depth of impact craters, the size and distance of rocks, and other information.
After taking photos and sensing the surrounding environment information of Yutu-2, the ground controllers followed the lunar rover's obstacle course, climbing, etc. based on the digital image of the lunar surface and the detection target point determined by the team of scientists. Ability to plan a safe path for the lunar rover and set navigation points from the starting point to the ending point. This process is like after determining the destination, the navigation and positioning system plans an optimal arrival route based on the map and the surrounding environment.
After determining the route, the next step is to implement it. Teleoperators at the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center converted the planning results into control instructions and sent them to the "Queqiao" relay star through the ground deep space station. The "Queqiao" relay star then forwarded the instructions to the Yutu-2 lunar surface on the back of the moon. After receiving the order, Yutu 2 will complete the movement according to the order.
During the operation of Yutu 2, we often hear the two actions of sleeping and waking up. Literally understood, it seems to be the biological instinct of a living body. Yutu 2 is essentially a sophisticated lunar exploration robot, so why does it need such an operation? This is related to the objective environment of the moon. A day on the moon lasts about 27 Earth days, half of which is daytime, called lunar day; the other half is dark day, which is lunar night. During moonlit nights, the moon's surface temperature will drop to around -190°C. Working at too low a temperature will cause damage to the lunar rover and the scientific equipment it carries. In order to ensure the safety of Yutu-2, it is necessary to control it to enter a dormant state in the dormant area before the arrival of the moonlight night, let the vehicle body retract the mast and one side of the solar panel, and use an isotope thermoelectric battery to insulate the equipment during the moonlight night so that it can enter in a safe posture. "Dreamland" means dormancy.
When the sun rises and moonlight arrives, it’s time for Yutu 2 to “get up” and work, which is a wake-up operation. As the solar panel of the lunar rover is illuminated by sunlight, when its power generation reaches a certain value, the lunar rover will wake up autonomously and actively send a communication signal to the relay star, telling the "drivers" on the ground: "I woke up." !” After receiving the signal, the ground staff will send instructions to it to complete the wake-up state setting. In this way, Yutu 2 began its "new day" work.
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