What should I do if urticaria occurs on my body?
Children's urticaria is a common disease that can occur at any age, but is most common in children and those after puberty. The onset of acute urticaria in children is very sudden, and the skin can be extremely itchy in a moment. With the itching and scratching, red and pale wheals of different sizes and shapes quickly appear; skin scratch syndrome is positive (use a needle to inject Scratches on the normal skin of children can produce red bumps consistent with the scratches); the number of rashes is generally larger, some are annular, and they can also merge into large rashes, which will quickly subside within a few minutes to a few hours. Leave no trace. Urticaria can occur anywhere on the body. The disease is very easy to relapse and appears and disappears. Most children have no other discomfort except skin itchiness.
Three necessary conditions for the treatment of urticaria: causes and onset
The causes are complex, including congenital physical factors and acquired nutritional disorders. Overnutrition, indigestion, improper clothing, and external stimulation are all predisposing factors for this disease. Patients often have congenital allergies, and about 3/4 of the patients' parents have a history of allergic diseases.
Clinical manifestations of urticaria in children
The onset of urticaria in most children has certain predisposing factors, such as children who do not wear enough clothes to catch cold, or who are exposed to wind after playing and sweating, or who are sick. Urticaria attacks in children are caused by antibiotic treatment and food. In some cities in southern my country, some children suffer from urticaria due to allergies to fungi and molds. We will also hear reports from some parents that their children got urticaria after playing in the sand once, or that their children got urticaria after eating seafood once. Foods such as high-alcohol and Lego are common foods that induce urticaria in children.
The main manifestations of chronic urticaria are wheals and/or angioedema. The surface of the wheals is smooth, red or pink, and there may be a bright red blush around it. If it subsides from the center, it may appear in a ring shape. It is often accompanied by severe itching, which can occur in any part and lasts within 24 hours; if there is large and subcutaneous edema under the skin or mucous membrane, it can form angioedema. The duration of angioedema is longer than that of a wheal, and it is generally not itchy and subsides. It leaves no trace after the disease, and the rate of it being associated with urticaria is about 50%; the disease relapses and remits alternately, especially the symptoms are more obvious at night. Physical urticaria accounts for about 1/3 of CU. Artificial scarification and cholinergic urticaria are more common. Cold, heat, sunlight or delayed pressure urticaria are rare. This disease mostly occurs after physical stimulation. , lasts for 1 to 2 hours, symptoms occur almost every day, and the itching is severe. Autoimmune urticaria is often accompanied by other immune diseases, is more common in women, has severe itching, widespread rash distribution, is resistant to traditional antihistamine treatment but is effective in immunosuppressive and glucocorticoid treatment.
Wheels are the main clinical manifestation of urticaria in children and are caused by the degranulation of mast cells and the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine. Increased capillary permeability produces wheals. Blood vessels dilate causing erythema, and inflammatory mediators stimulate receptors causing itching. The classic theory is that the antigen binds to the specific antibody IgE on the surface receptor of skin mast cells and stimulates the mast cells to release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. At present, the most studied pathogenesis of chronic urticaria is the IgE-mediated autoimmune theory, which has been Sufficient evidence proves that most children with urticaria have functional anti-IgE receptor antibodies and/or anti-IgE antibodies that can degranulate skin mast cells or basophils, and the total IgE in serum immunological tests is higher than normal. ; Or eosinophils or neutrophils are high; Phanuphak et al. examined skin tissue extracts and found that the histamine levels in both rash and non-rash areas were increased. Histamine-releasing factors can activate mast cells and basophils. Activation releases histamine. Some of these factors are IgE-dependent and some are independent. From the immunological analysis of the occurrence of urticaria, we can conclude that the cause of urticaria in children needs to fundamentally remove the excessive IgE antibodies in the body and restore the limit of histamine release from mast cells to normal. As a result, the wheal may disappear.
New progress in the basic treatment of children with urticaria (Xinminkang anti-allergic probiotics + skin moisturizing emollient + skin antibacterial) is the basic therapy to reduce the use of skin hormones in children with urticaria.
Aiming at the causes of urticaria in children: increased allergic IgE - skin damage and infection - skin barrier dysfunction, these three causes are closely related to the onset and development of urticaria, anti-allergic probiotics Experts have summarized three necessary conditions for treating urticaria:
1. Supplementing Xinminkang anti-allergic probiotics (not less than 3 months) can reduce serum IgE allergic antibodies and improve the baby's intestinal barrier function , adjust allergic constitution;
2. Very necessary anti-inflammatory treatment: topical dexamethasone acetate cream and Baiduobang ointment on damaged skin to resist infection; combined with chlorpheniramine maleate tablets; reduce Bathing will aggravate urticaria when exposed to moisture. Furthermore, babies with urticaria are born with imperfect skin barrier function and disordered synthesis of the skin's sebum layer. Bathing should be reduced and more skin emollient should be used to protect the skin.
3. Extensive application of skin moisturizers to care for the skin: to combat dryness and restore the barrier function of the skin, emollient containing medicinal urea is better, and 10% urea cream is beneficial to enhancing the patient's skin barrier function. . Moisturizing emollients can save about 50% of the dosage of skin hormones when treating urticaria. Skin care with an emollient should be applied at least twice daily.
1. Diagnose early and avoid contact with allergens
2. Anti-allergic probiotics for children with urticaria Intestinal immunity: In the intestinal immune system, there is a kind of "immune tolerance" "mechanism that inhibits the immune system and secretes immunoglobulin E (IgE) or G (IgG) that can trigger allergic reactions in response to food ingredients. For people with allergies, there is a problem with the "immune tolerance" mechanism. Therefore, when eating a specific food, the intestinal immune system will secrete too much immunoglobulin E (IgE) to attack the food ingredients, resulting in allergic reactions. Allergy.
Among the four major allergic diseases, the onset of urticaria in children is closely related to the child's intestinal "immune tolerance" dysfunction. Children with allergies will suffer from impaired intestinal function after birth. If there is a problem with the "immune tolerance" function, infant eczema, physiological diarrhea, etc. will appear to varying degrees within one year of age. In addition, the current overuse of antibiotics in children's medical care will directly affect the balance of the "immune tolerance" mechanism. , problems with the "immune tolerance" mechanism first lead to excessive secretion of immunoglobulin E (IgE), prompting the immune response to move toward the Th2 pathway, and young children are prone to allergic symptoms.
Due to the intuitive understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between the symptoms of baby skin urticaria and the "immune tolerance" disorder of excessive IgE secretion, the intestinal IgE immune function of children is easily ignored, which in turn makes the child's As allergic reactions continue to aggravate and develop, they will generally follow the order of: atopic dermatitis (eczema, urticaria) - allergic asthma - allergic rhinitis. Although taking anti-allergic drugs or even glucocorticoids and other drugs, it can Inhibiting the release of inflammatory substances in the body can quickly relieve allergic symptoms, but it cannot regulate excessive IgE secretion, so it can only relieve symptoms when they occur but cannot prevent the occurrence of allergic symptoms, nor can it be improved through the "immune tolerance" mechanism. Allergies.
Parents should take good care in daily life, paying specific attention to five aspects:
1. Do not let children scratch the affected area with their hands to avoid scratching the affected area and making it more itchy; cold compress can be used to relieve it Itching;
2. Pay attention to balanced nutrition. Children should not eat too much high-protein food;
3. Pay attention to hygiene. It is important to prevent mites in the home. Avoid children coming into contact with pollen. Substances;
4. Pay attention to weather changes and increase or decrease clothing. Children with urticaria should wear loose and breathable clothing to avoid irritation to the affected area;
5. Ensure adequate Sleep and enhance the body's immunity; supplement the human body's anti-allergic probiotic Xinminkang to adjust the allergic constitution and regulate the balance of immunoglobulins by stimulating the secretion of interferon, thereby restoring the body's immune response to the correct response to food, pollen, cold and heat, etc. The treatment of urticaria due to irritation is very effective.