High school senior year geography and climate special knowledge 2020
The more enjoyable you can learn, the better the feeling of happiness will be. I really hope that everyone can understand this truth and be able to understand it in a limited life. Let me share with you some summary of the knowledge about climate in senior high school geography. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
Factors affecting temperature:
1. Latitude (determining factor): The temperature decreases from low latitude to high latitude (such as the division of hot, warm and cold zones)
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2. Atmospheric circulation (pressure belt, wind belt and monsoon): the influence of the nature and direction of airflow on temperature (close to the source of the winter monsoon, the temperature is low; affected by the airflow from high latitudes, the temperature is low; )
3. Terrain (height, terrain, slope direction):
(1) The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature (vertical lapse rate -0.6℃/100 meters)
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(2) Intermountain basins and valleys have higher temperatures (in the same thermal zone, the terrain acts as a barrier to cold air, such as: tall mountains block it, making it difficult for winter winds to invade; the basin terrain makes it difficult to dissipate heat in winter)
(3) The temperature on the sunny slope of the mountain is higher than that on the shady slope
(4) On the leeward slope, there is foehn wind and the temperature is high
4. Sea and land location: < /p>
(1) Due to the difference in thermal properties between sea and land, areas that are greatly affected by the ocean (lakes, wetlands) have small temperature differences; areas that are greatly affected by land have large temperature differences;
(2) The winter temperature in coastal areas is higher than that in inland areas, and the summer temperature is lower than inland areas; the opposite is true in inland areas.
5. Ocean currents: warm current: warming and humidification; cold current: cooling and dehumidification
6. Human activities: heat island effect, greenhouse effect, etc.
Affects temperature Factors of diurnal temperature difference (temperature difference between day and night):
1. Latitude: low latitude areas > high latitude areas (reason: high and low latitudes of the sun, small diurnal variation)
2. Season: mid-latitude summer > winter
3. Topography: concave areas (such as basins, valleys) > convex areas (such as hills, mountaintops); plateaus are larger than plains with low altitudes.
4. The nature of the underlying surface: land > ocean; sandy soil > clay, dark soil > light-colored soil, dry loose soil > moist and compact; dry land > paddy field.
5. Weather conditions: Sunny > Cloudy
Factors affecting the annual temperature range:
1. Latitude: smaller at low latitudes and larger at high latitudes ( The higher the latitude, the greater the annual change in the height of the noon sun, the greater the annual change in day and night length, and therefore the greater the annual difference in temperature; the opposite is true at low latitudes);
2. The nature of the underlying surface: the ocean is smaller than On land, coastal areas are smaller than inland areas, and areas with vegetation are smaller than bare land;
3. Weather conditions: Places with more clouds and rain are smaller than places with less clouds and rain.
Factors affecting solar radiation (illumination):
1. Latitude: low latitude, large altitude angle of the sun at noon, high solar radiation intensity (sufficient lighting); long days, long lighting Sufficient
2. Altitude: high altitude, thin air, weak attenuation of solar radiation by the atmosphere, strong solar radiation (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, my country)
3. Weather conditions: less precipitation , with many sunny days and abundant solar radiation (Northwestern my country)
4. Air density (atmospheric transparency)
Factors affecting precipitation:
1. Atmospheric circulation (Pressure zone, wind zone and monsoon):
(1) Pressure zone, wind zone: The area controlled by the low pressure zone has more precipitation, while the high pressure zone has less precipitation; the westerly wind is wet, the trade wind is dry, and the east coast of the continent has Because trade winds come from the ocean, they bring water vapor and more precipitation;
(2) Areas affected by the summer monsoon are warm, humid and rainy; areas affected by the winter monsoon are dry and rainy.
2. Terrain:
(1) Orographic rain: On the windward slope, the terrain rises, forming orographic rain, with more precipitation; on the leeward slope, there is less precipitation
(2 )Terrain type: plains are conducive to the penetration of water vapor, basins and valleys are closed terrain, plateaus are high and water vapor is difficult to enter
(3)Mountain orientation: parallel to the direction of the air flow, conducive to the penetration of water vapor; perpendicular to the direction of the air flow, Prevent water vapor from penetrating deeply
3. Sea and land location: Close to the sea, it is greatly affected by the ocean's influence, with sufficient water vapor and more precipitation; the further away from the sea, the less affected by the ocean's water vapor and less precipitation.
4. Ocean currents: Warm currents: increase warming and humidification; Cold currents: cool down and dehumidify
5. Human activities: changing the underlying surface affects precipitation, such as urban rain islands.
Description of spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation
Description mode: decreasing or increasing from -- to ---; --- areas have more precipitation, ---- areas have less precipitation; precipitation The spatial difference is large (small).
Factors affecting fog and frost:
1. Humidity (near rivers, lakes, reservoirs);
2. Terrain (low-lying areas, mountain depressions) ;
3. Dust (roadside, urban areas, construction sites, mining areas)
Influencing factors of wind:
1. Air pressure gradient force: The isobars are dense, the horizontal pressure gradient force is strong, and the wind force is strong;
2. Distance from the high pressure center: the closer to the high pressure center, the stronger the wind force;
3. Friction force (Flat and open ground, on the sea): The smaller the friction, the stronger the wind;
4. How much vegetation: The vegetation is sparse and the wind is strong;
5. Terrain (at the mouth of the valley) Narrow tube effect, on the plateau): Narrow tube effect occurs and the wind strengthens.
Geographical phenomena related to climate:
1. Explain the "Sichuan Dog Barking Sun" from a geographical perspective?
Because the Sichuan Basin has a lot of water vapor and is not easy to diffuse, there are many Rainy weather. The dogs there don't often see the sun. When they see the sun, they feel strange and bark.
2. Why does it rain so much at night in Bashan?
Mountain wind blows in the Sichuan Basin at night. The mountain wind carries cold air down the slope, and the warm and humid air in the valley lifts into rain.
3. What is the Ya'an Sky Leak?
Ya'an is located on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin. The terrain is high on the north, west and south sides and lower on the east, forming a trumpet-shaped terrain; from The warm and humid air currents from the Indian and Pacific Oceans gather here and form orographic rain when they encounter terrain uplift.
4. Why does Kunming have “no cold or heat all year round (all seasons are like spring), and autumn becomes autumn when it rains”?
(1) The reason why it is not hot in summer is because it is located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau with high altitude , the temperature is low, and it is not cold in winter because it is on the warm air side of the quasi-stationary front, and the weather is sunny, so it is warm in winter and cool in summer.
(2) Once it rains, clouds weaken the intensity of solar radiation, reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground and causing the temperature to drop rapidly.
5 Why does Guiyang have “no sunny days”?
(1) Because winter, spring and autumn are on the cold air side of the quasi-stationary front, there are many frontal rains.
(2) In summer, affected by the warm and humid southeasterly and southwesterly winds, it rains frequently, so it is rainy all year round.
6. Why does Guiyang have so much freezing rain in winter?
(1) It is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with high altitude and low temperature.
(2) Located on the cold air side of the quasi-stationary front, it is cold and rainy.
7. What is the reason for the occurrence of “one flood peak per day” in Xinjiang?
Rivers in Xinjiang are mainly supplied by melted water from mountain ice and snow. The temperature rises during the day, and there is a large amount of snow and glaciers. Melts, forming a flood peak; the temperature drops at night, the amount of glacier melt decreases, and the flood peak recedes.
The movement of frontal rainbands in eastern my country:
The movement pattern of frontal rainbands is: in May, they land on the southeastern coast; in June, after the rainbands move to the Yangtze River Basin, The Jianghuai area swings for about a month, forming plum rain weather; in early July, the rain belt begins to move westward and northward, reaching North China, Northeast China and other places in July and August. Due to the intensity and concentration of precipitation, summer floods are caused. At this time, the middle of the Yangtze River Drought weather occurs in the lower reaches (the southwest and Guangdong and Guangxi regions are also affected by the southwest monsoon in June, July and August); in September, the rain belt moves southward, and by October, my country's rainy season ends.
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