How many routing methods are there? urgent
Access routers connect small business customers in the home or ISP. Access routers not only start to provide SLIP or PPP connections, but also start to provide virtual private network protocols, such as PPTP and IPSec. These protocols should be able to run on every port. ADSL and other technologies will soon increase the available bandwidth of the home, which will further increase the burden of access routers. Due to these trends, access routers will support many heterogeneous and high-speed ports in the future, and can run various protocols on each port, while avoiding telephone switching networks.
2. Enterprise router
The enterprise or campus router connects many terminal systems, and its main goal is to achieve as many endpoints as possible in the cheapest way, and further requires supporting different quality of service. Many existing enterprise networks are Ethernet segments connected by hubs or bridges. Although these devices are cheap, easy to install and require no configuration, they do not support service levels. On the contrary, a network with routers can divide the machine into multiple conflict domains, so it can control the size of a network. In addition, the router also supports a certain level of service, at least allowing it to be divided into multiple priorities. However, the cost per port of the router is relatively expensive, and a lot of configuration work is needed to use it. Therefore, the success or failure of enterprise routers lies in whether they provide a large number of ports with low port cost, whether they are easy to configure and whether they support QoS. In addition, enterprise routers need to effectively support broadcast and multicast. Enterprise networks must also deal with various LAN technologies left over from history and support various protocols, including IP, IPX and Vine. They also support firewalls, packet filtering, numerous management and security policies, and VLAN.
3. Backbone router
The backbone router realizes the interconnection of enterprise-level networks. The requirements for it are speed and reliability, and the cost is secondary. Hardware reliability can be obtained by using technologies used in telephone switching networks, such as hot backup, dual power supply and dual data paths. These technologies are the standard of almost all backbone routers. The main performance bottleneck of backbone IP routers is the time it takes to find routes in forwarding tables. When receiving a data packet, the input port looks up the destination address of the data packet in the forwarding table to determine its destination port. When the packet is short or the packet is to be sent to multiple destination ports, the cost of route lookup will inevitably increase. Therefore, putting some frequently visited destination ports in the cache can improve the efficiency of route lookup. Whether it is an input buffer or an output buffer router, there is a bottleneck problem of route lookup. In addition to the performance bottleneck, the stability of the router is also a problem that is often ignored.
4. Terabyte router
Among the three main technologies used in the future core Internet, optical fiber and DWDM are mature and ready-made. If there is no router corresponding to the original bandwidth provided by the existing optical fiber technology and DWDM technology, the performance of the new network infrastructure will not be fundamentally improved, so it is urgent to develop high-performance backbone switches/routers (terabit routers). Terabyte router technology is still mainly in the development and experimental stage.
5. Multi-WAN router
As early as 2000, when Beijing Xin Omni-directional engineer was studying a multi-link (multi-homing) solution, he found that there was a huge market demand for all-Ethernet protocol multi-WAN equipment in China. With the successful research and development of all-round products, the first dual-WAN router was born in China in 2002, and the first dual-WAN broadband router in China was named NuR802 1.
The dual WAN router has two physical WAN ports as external network access, which enables the intranet computer to use two external network access lines simultaneously through the load balancing function of the dual WAN router, thus greatly improving the network bandwidth. At present, dual WAN routers mainly have the application advantages of "bandwidth convergence" and "one network and two lines", which traditional single WAN routers can't do.
[Edit this paragraph] Classification introduction
Broadband router
Broadband router is a new network product with the popularity of broadband in recent years. Broadband router integrates router, firewall, bandwidth control and management functions into a compact box, which has the characteristics of fast forwarding ability, flexible network management and rich network status. Most broadband routers in China are optimized for broadband applications, which can meet different network traffic environments and have good power grid adaptability and network compatibility. Most broadband routers are highly integrated, with 10/ 100Mbps broadband Ethernet WAN interface and built-in multi-port1100 Mbps adaptive switch, which is convenient for multiple computers to connect the intranet and the Internet, and can be widely used in families, schools, offices, Internet cafes, community access, government and so on.
Modular router
Modular router mainly refers to the router whose interface type and some extended functions can be configured according to the actual needs of users. These routers generally only provide the most basic routing functions when they leave the factory. Users can select corresponding modules according to the type of network to be connected, and different modules can provide different connection and management functions. For example, most modular routers can allow users to choose the network interface type, some modular routers can provide VPN and other functional modules, and some modular routers also provide firewall functions, and so on. At present, most routers are modular routers.
Non-modular router
Non-modular routers are all low-end routers, which are generally used at home. This type of router is mainly used to connect small business customers or ISPs at home. It not only provides SLIP or PPP connection, but also supports virtual private network protocols, such as PPTP and IPSec. These protocols should be able to run on every port. ADSL and other technologies will soon increase the broadband available to families, which will further increase the burden of accessing routers. Due to these trends, this router will support many heterogeneous and high-speed ports in the future, and can run various protocols on each port, while avoiding telephone switching networks.
Virtual router
Virtual routers use virtual reality. Recently, some new technical breakthroughs about IP backbone network equipment have paved the way for the realization of new Internet services in the future. Virtual router is such a new technology, which makes some new Internet services possible. Through these new services, users will be able to control network performance, Internet address and routing, and network security. RND Network Company in Israel is a manufacturer providing solutions from local area network to wide area network. It first proposed the concept of virtual routing.
Core router
The core router, also known as the "backbone router", is located in the center of the network. Routers located at the edge of the network are called access routers. Core router and edge router are relative concepts. They all belong to routers, but they are different in size and capacity. The core router of one layer is the edge router of another layer.
wireless router
Wireless router is a router with wireless coverage function, which is mainly used for users to surf the Internet and wireless coverage. The popular wireless routers in the market generally support four access modes: dedicated xdsl/ cable, dynamic xdsl and pptp. It also has some other network management functions, such as dhcp service, nat firewall, mac address filtering and so on.
Inter-switch link
The concept of one-arm router appeared before the third layer switch, and the communication between VLANs in the network can be realized through ISL association. In that case, the router will become a "one-armed router", and the data transmission between VLANs will be processed by the router first, and then output, so that most messages of the same VLAN in the network will be directly transmitted between switching devices at high speed without going through the router. The disadvantage of this routing method is that it is still a centralized routing strategy. Therefore, there are usually multiple redundant "one-armed" routers on the backbone network to share the data processing tasks, which can reduce the bottleneck problems caused by routers and increase redundant links. However, if the data transmission between VLAN in the network is large, it will form a bottleneck at the router. One-arm routers are now basically replaced by Layer 3 switches.
Wireless network router
Wireless network router is a kind of communication equipment used to connect wired and wireless networks. It can send and receive wireless signals through Wi-Fi technology, and communicate with personal digital assistants and laptops. Wireless network routers can easily establish computer networks without cables.
However, when data is transmitted outdoors through wireless network, its speed may be affected by the weather. Other wireless networks include infrared, Bluetooth and satellite microwave.
Intelligent flow control router
Intelligent flow control router can automatically adjust the bandwidth of each node, so that the network speed of each node can reach the fastest, without limiting the speed of each node, which is its greatest feature. Intelligent flow control routers are often used in telecom trunk roads, such as Huawei and Cisco. Internet cafes, hotels, etc. Commonly used network star router.