Yongcheng site
Nishihara is better preserved. It starts from the southwest corner of Fengxiang County and extends southward for about 50 meters, then turns to the southeast. The southernmost point is the wall of the ancient city of Nan in Han Dynasty. It is 3200m long, 4.3 ~15m wide and1.65 ~ 2.05m high.
Nanyuan Winding along the Yongshui River. Part of the western section is under the pressure of modern villages, and most of the eastern section is submerged by Dongfeng Reservoir. Only three sections are found, which are 1800 m long, 4 ~ 4.75 m wide and 2 ~ 7.35 m high.
Dongyuan. Close to Zhifang River, it turns from southeast to northwest, causing serious damage. The third section was found, with a length of 420m, a residual width of 8.25m and a residual height of 3.75m.. ..
Beichuan is now under the pressure of Fengxiang County. A section was found at the western end of Tiegou and Fengxiang Normal School, with a length of 450m, a residual width of 2.75 ~ 4.5m and a residual height of1~1.85 m. Among them, the section found in Tiegou was exposed on the cliff, and the rammed layer was clearly discernible.
City gate. Only one was found in Xiyuan. The width of the gate is 10 meter, and the road soil extends eastward to Yaojiazhuang Palace.
Trenches. In addition to the natural river as a barrier, Yongcheng also built moat facilities outside Xiyuan. The moat is about 1000 meters long, 12.6 ~ 25 meters wide and 5.2 meters deep. There was no water in the ditch then.
Through the drilling of the city wall, we can know that when building the Yongcheng city wall, we should first level the ground, and then dig a trench slightly wider than the city wall, with a wide mouth and a narrow bottom. Tamp from the bottom of the ditch layer by layer, with a thickness of 8 ~ 12 cm. When the compacted soil layer is flush with the ditch mouth, the slab construction will be started. Both Xiyuan and Nanyuan have clamping holes left by plate tectonics, with a diameter of 8 ~15cm and a spacing of 0.75 ~1.25m.. ..
The investigation and drilling results in Yongcheng confirmed that the actual situation was slightly different from the records of "Nanqili, Yongcheng, Qin Degong and Zheng Miyagi in Yongxian County" quoted in Historical Records Justice of Qin Benji. This conclusion is also consistent with 196 1963, the investigation and trial excavation results of Nanguan ancient city site on the north bank of Yongshui, about 3 kilometers south of Fengxiang County. On the basis of a basic understanding of the shape and scope of the South Ancient City Wall, according to the excavation and unearthed cultural relics, the age of its wall should belong to the Western Han Dynasty. Yaojiagang Spring and Autumn Palace, Majiazhuang Spring and Autumn Palace, Tiegou Palace, Gaowang Temple and Suburb Palace Ruins.
Yaojiagang Spring and Autumn Palace site is located in the west of the central part of Yongcheng, about 500 meters away from the western wall of Yongcheng, and the locals call it "Miaotai". The eastern part of the site has been destroyed, and the northern part has not been cleared, only the southwest part has been found. The remaining rammed foundation is 8.9 meters long from east to west, 2.8 meters wide from north to south, and 1 ~ 1.2 meters thick. It is high in the west and low in the east, with two rammed earth walls on it. The residual length of the south wall is 3.06m, the width is 0.96m and the residual height is 0. 1 m.. The western wall is 2 meters long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.2 meters high. At the northern end of the wall, there is a turning wall extending westward, which seems to be a gap. At 0.6m to the west of the rammed earth foundation, gravel is laid in parallel to disperse water, with a remaining length of 3.6m and a width of1.2 ~1.4m; Rammed earth south is also paved with stones and aproll in parallel. The two aprons are about 0.4 meters thick, mostly made of Baihe pebbles, which are extremely dense. According to Qin Benji's records, Yaojiagang Palace is the eternal palace where Qin Kanggong and Qin Jinggong lived.
The site of Majiazhuang No.1 architectural complex is located on a platform about 0.5 km north of Majiazhuang. The plot faces south, and the direction is 20 degrees east of north. The plane is rectangular, about 76 meters long from north to south and 87.6 meters wide from east to west, with an area of about 6660 square meters. It consists of gate, atrium, facing bedroom, pavilion and east and west wing rooms. The whole building is surrounded by walls, forming a fully enclosed building complex. The layout is orderly and the rules are neat.
The doorway of the gate is located in the center of the gate, with a width of 3.35 meters and a remaining depth of 6.95 meters. It is a rectangular tunnel. Notched threshold with something at the south end. The tread runs through the middle of the doorway, and there are columns and holes on the east and west sides, which basically correspond.
East and west schools are located on both sides of the doorway, with basically the same shape and mutual symmetry, and the plane is rectangular. Shu Dong is 3 meters deep and 3.6 meters wide; Xishu is 3.2 meters deep and 3.5 ~ 4.6 meters wide. In addition, the east and west half proofreading is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the east and west proofreading, with basically the same shape and a rectangular plane.
The cloister has four parts: east, west, south and north. The door goes through the middle. There are still column holes left. The depth of the east corridor is 1.62m, the width of the west corridor is 1.62m, the width of the north corridor is 1.8m, and the south corridor has been destroyed. In addition, there are cloisters around the bedroom and the east and west compartments. The three cloisters are basically the same in shape, but different in size.
There are aprons outside the three corridors, with a slightly rectangular plane, high inside and low outside, and slightly inclined. It is paved with pebbles.
The atrium is located in the north of the gate, with a rectangular plane, 34.5 meters long from north to south and 30 meters wide from east to west. The middle part is slightly concave and the periphery is slightly higher. There is an east-west rammed earth pavement in the south of the atrium, with a width of 1.5 ~ 2.2 meters.
Its shape faces the sleeping plane, and both sides protrude forward. It is 20.8m wide from east to west and13.9m deep from north to south. The center of adduction is the front, with a rectangular plane and three wide faces; Followed by the back bedroom, which is a closed rectangle. The indoor width is 5.75 meters and the depth is 3.75 meters. There is a circular pit in the northeast corner of the bedroom; Protruding to both sides of the bedroom are east-west compartments. There is a partition wall between it and the north house. There are doors located on the east and west walls of the court, and the court can enter; There are three doors and three rooms in the back half of the bedroom, which are called North Third Room.
There are stone steps on the apron between the east and the west, which are paved with almost rectangular granite. The two steps are 2 meters long from north to south and 2.2 meters wide from east to west.
The pavilion is built to the north of the morning bed. The plane is rectangular, with a width of 5.4m, a length of 3.8m and a residual height of 0.09m There is no cornice wall around, and each corner has a diagonal column. The doorpost is facing the middle door of the North Third Room.
The east and west compartments are located on the east and west sides of the sleeping building and atrium respectively. The layout, shape, scale and things are basically the same. Its shape is similar to a sleeping building. The east and west compartments are composed of front hall, back compartment, north and south compartments, east (west) three rooms, cloisters and aprons.
The east wall of the fence has two sections, with a total length of 55.9 meters. There is a gap in the middle gate of the east wall in the south section and a gap in the north gate of the east wall in the north section. There are two western walls, with a total length of 7 1. 1 m. The northern section has a gap of 2.7 meters, which is the north gate of the western wall and is symmetrical with the north gate of the eastern wall. There are only a few sections left in the south wall and the north wall, and the west wall intersects at right angles.
Drainage facilities are located in the open space to the north of West Room and the west of Pavilion Building, and a row of ceramic water pipes runs from southwest to northeast. It is 6.9 meters long and consists of 1 vertical pipe and 9 horizontal pipes. Each section of ceramic water pipe is 0.7 ~ 0.77m long, with a big end diameter of 0.28 ~ 0.33m and a small end diameter of 0.24 ~ 0.25m. There is a rectangular pit in the south of the east end, and there are 1 vertical ceramic water pipes on the west side of the pit bottom, and the lower end of the pit vertically intersects with a row of horizontal water pipes arranged from west to east.
Sacrificial Pit * * Seven types of sacrificial pits 18 1 were found on the ruins of the building complex. Most of these sacrificial pits are distributed in the atrium, a few are found in the open space on both sides of the east and west compartments, and only a few are found in the sleeping building and the east compartment. There are 86 cattle pits and 55 sheep pits.
According to the shape of the pottery unearthed from the sacrificial pit, the overall layout of the building and relevant historical records, it is preliminarily considered that the building age of the 1 building complex should be in the middle and late spring and autumn. Its nature should be ancestral temple architecture. On this basis, some people refer to the literature and name the imperial palace, the East-West Room, the pavilions, the city gates and the city walls as ancestral temple, Zhao temple, Mu temple, Haoshe, Dugong Gate and Dugong respectively. And further study the different functions of various components of the building. For example, the former dynasty should be a "hall", and the "hall" should set up seats to salute, which is an important activity place for ancestral temple sacrifice. "Sleep" is the room where the Tibetan master meets God. The east-west mezzanine room is consistent with historical records. It should be hidden under the Qin Xianggong, above the Second Temple, and so on. 1983 winter solstice 1984 summer exploration. It is about 500 meters away from Zongmiao site in the east and 600 meters away from Yaojiagang Chunqiu Palace site in the west, covering an area of about 2 1 1,849 square meters. Basically well preserved, the plane layout is regular, and there are walls around it. From south to north, it can be divided into five hospitals and five hospitals.
The first courtyard is 52 meters long and 59.5 meters wide, covering an area of 3068 square meters. Width of east, west and south walls 1.5 ~ 2m. There is a door in the middle of the south wall, which is 8 meters wide. There is a rammed earth wall 25 meters in front of the south gate. There is a door in the middle of the east wall, 2 meters wide.
Dean II is 49.5 meters, with a width of 60.5 meters at the north end, 50.5 meters at the south end and a width of 1.5 meters at the east and west walls. There is a door in the middle of the western wall, 2.8 meters wide. The south wall is 2 meters wide, with a door in the middle and 6 meters wide, which communicates with the first courtyard. There is a building in the north of the central part of the hospital.
The third courtyard is 82.5m long, 62.5m wide at the north end and 60.5m wide at the south end. There is a door in the north section of the east-west fence, which is 4 meters wide. There is also a door in the south section of the east-west wall, which is about 2.5 meters wide. There is a door in the middle of the south wall, which is 4 meters wide and communicates with the Second Hospital. There is a building in the middle of the yard.
The fourth courtyard is 5 1 meter long from north to south and 70 meters wide from east to west. The east-west fence extends 3 meters from the junction of the fence of the No.3 Hospital and then extends to the north. There is a door in the middle, 6 meters wide. There is a door on the south wall with a width of 10 meter, which communicates with the Third Hospital.
The fifth yard is the largest of the five. It is 65 meters long from north to south and 86 meters wide from east to west. The east-west fence extends 8 meters from the junction of the east-west fence of the Fourth Hospital and then extends northward. There is a door in the middle of the east fence, which is 2.8 meters wide. There is a building in the center of the courtyard and on both sides of the front, which is in the shape of a "pin" with the same size, both of which are 22 meters long and 17 meters wide. There are two other buildings in the south of the yard, and there is a road between the two buildings connecting with the fourth yard.
Li Shi Gong said: "The founding throne, the right is the country, the left is the ancestral temple, Gongnan township and temple are on the left, and the temple is in the east." Majiazhuang No.3 building complex is located in the east of ancestral temple, with similar age and large scale. Therefore, some people analyzed it as a living room, and its use period was roughly in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is inferred that the Fifth Courtyard is 50% off the city, and the Fifth Courtyard is the so-called five gates of Gao, Luo, Ying and Lu, which proves the pre-Qin five-gate system and Qin Gong's trespassing behavior.
In addition, the discovered palace sites include Majiazhuang No.2 complex, Majiazhuang No.4 complex, Fengwei village, Zhaijia temple and other sites; There are architectural sites in the suburbs, such as praying for the Year Palace, Yang Palace, Nian Palace and Aoli Palace. Five kilometers south of Yongcheng, under the Sanchuan Plain on the south bank of Yongshui, there are the most important materials of Qin tombs known at present. After 1976 drilling and excavation, there are not only a large area of Qin cemetery, but also small and medium-sized tombs stretching for several kilometers.
Qin District Qin District is located in Sanchayuan in the southern suburbs of yongcheng city. Known as Beiyuan, it was originally a place where nobles bent their horses and bows and indulged in hunting. Later, it was the place where the monarch of Qin lived a hundred years later because it was connected to Weishui in the south, Yongshan in the north, Lingshan in the west and Fu Qi in the east, and the soil layer was deep and the terrain was gentle. It has been proved that the Qin area is about 7 kilometers long from east to west and 3 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of about 2 1 square kilometer. Trenches with a width of 2 ~ 7 meters and a depth of 2 ~ 6 meters were found in the south, north and west of the mausoleum area as their protective barriers.
There are 18 Han tombs. The tomb is rectangular, with a pyramid-shaped mound in the east and a pyramid-shaped mound in the west. East Road is longer and gentler than West Road, and it is the main pyramid-shaped mound. Late bell-shaped tombs may have ear chambers on both sides of Dongling Road. Among these tombs, Tomb No.1 of Qin Gong is the largest, with a total length of 300 meters and an area of 5,334 square meters. The smallest cemetery is M35, with a total length of 170.8m and an area of 22 14m. Except for one such tomb, rope tiles were found on all tombs, and rows of column holes and concave tiles were also found on some tombs. There are also architectural relics on the tomb, such as aproll and rammed soil foundation.
A-type tomb with three rectangular chambers, with only a pyramid-shaped mound on the east side.
There are six "convex" tombs, and there is a short path in the middle of the east side of the rectangular tomb, which looks like a "middle gate".
There are 1 knife-handle-shaped tombs, which are rectangular, and pyramid-shaped tombs are on the southeast side of the tombs.
There is a 15 mu-shaped tomb with a rectangular plane, and there is no pyramid-shaped tomb or "middle gate".
Circular tomb 1 seat, with an oval plane. The major diameter is 9.5m, the minor diameter is 7.8m, and the depth is11.3m. ..
These 44 tombs are divided into 13 cemeteries according to their shape, layout and trench facilities. Each cemetery consists of 2 ~ 8 graves of different types, which are organically combined according to a certain layout. The cemeteries are all located west to east, slightly northwest. The layout of the tombs is left; As the main tomb, the "bell" tomb occupies the right side, and the "A"-shaped and hilt-shaped tombs are arranged in the lower left. Judging from its shape and horse bones in the tomb, the tomb with the shape of "mu" or "convex" may be a sacrificial pit, which is arranged in the right front.
Around each cemetery and some China-shaped graves, there are central kerbs or internal kerbs to surround the cemetery or China-shaped graves. There are two ditches around the middle tomb and the buried tomb. The inner ditch is called the inner ditch and the outer ditch is called the middle ditch. The scope of each cemetery is determined by the scope of the trench. The whole mausoleum area is surrounded by peripheral land.
The discovered 13 cemetery can be divided into two stages: the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period. The first stage follows the "cemetery system", and the second stage cemeteries are all independent cemeteries centered on a monarch.
Tomb No.1 of Qin Gong was excavated in 10, and the cleaning work was completed in1September, 986. The plane of the tomb is in the shape of "Zhong", with the west facing east. The tomb is rectangular, 59.4 meters long from east to west, 38.45 ~ 38.8 meters wide from north to south and 24 meters deep. The eastern pyramid-shaped mound has a gentle slope, with a length of 156. 1m, a width of 19. 1m at the west end and a width of 8.7m at the east end. The pyramid-shaped mound in the west is also inclined, but steep, with a length of 84.5 meters, a width of 14.3 meters at the east end and a width of 6.4 meters at the west end. With a total length of 300 meters and a total area of 5,334 square meters, this tomb is one of the largest pre-Qin tombs excavated in China.
This tomb has three steps from top to bottom. In the middle of the third step is the tomb, which is 4.2 meters deep. The chamber is divided into two parts: a main part and an auxiliary part. The main tomb is located in the middle of the tomb, and the auxiliary tomb is located in the southwest of the main tomb. The plane of the main and auxiliary rooms is curved, and each room has a set of cypress furniture. The main coffin is a cuboid wooden house, with a length of14.4m, a width of 5.6m and a height of 5.6m. It is made of wooden fences, and its cross-sectional side is 2 1 cm. The joint of the coffin is tenon-mortise structure, the four walls and the bottom of the coffin are double-layered, and the coffin cover is covered with three layers. There is a north-south partition wall built with single-layer rafters in the middle, and tenons extend from both ends of all rafters in the north-south direction to form a rectangular frame specification. The auxiliary room is also made of single-layer wood with the same specifications as the main room, and there is a small door between it and the main room. The periphery of the tomb is filled with charcoal, and the top layer of charcoal is rammed earth.
In the tomb, 20 human bones and 2 animal bones were found successively. 166 people were buried on the third floor of the tomb and at the junction of Xiling and the tomb. According to the location and burial tools, it can be divided into two categories. One is box-type martyrdom, with 72 pieces, which are closely distributed around the square tomb. The other is a box burial, with 94 * * * bodies distributed on the walls of the tomb outside the box. The martyrs were all curled up.
Although Tomb No.1 of Qin Gong was stolen more than 200 times in the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, more than 3,500 pieces of various cultural relics were unearthed in the tomb. Bronze wares include mirrors and chippers, iron wares include shovels, hammers, rings and chippers, gold wares include birds, beasts, bubbles and hooks, pottery wares include cans, beans, bowls, reeds, plates, chopsticks and lids, and stone tools include green, stone bottoms and reeds.
The owner and age of Tomb No.1 of Qin Gong are basically determined as the turn of the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, that is, Qin Jinggong after Gong and Huan Gong. In the tomb, the cypress tenons protruding from the north and south walls constitute the main coffin with rectangular frame specifications, which is initially considered to be the earliest set of "yellow sausage" burial utensils in China. The excavation of the No.1 Tomb of Qin Gong is of great significance to the study of the early history of Qin State and the funeral system in the pre-Qin period.
The small tomb area in Yongcheng, Qin is located in the southern suburb of Yongcheng, north of Lingqu, Qin Gong. The burial area is centered on Baqitun, with Gaozhuang in the east, Huangjiazhuang in the south, Xicun in the west and Dengjiaya on the north bank of Yongshui in the north. Since 1976, 8 batches of small tombs have been excavated in this area, and 74 tombs 174 and 7 chariots and horses pits have been cleared. Typical ones are Eight Banners Tunqin Cemetery, Gaozhuang Cemetery and Xicun Qin Cemetery.
The shape of Xiaoqin tomb in Yongcheng can be roughly divided into two categories: rectangular vertical hole earth tomb and cave tomb; Most of the burial methods are the burial of the tomb owner with his head facing west or slightly north and his limbs bent or straight. In the tombs of Qin Genting and the early Warring States period, there was a phenomenon of martyrdom, and there were many kinds of funerary objects. Bronzes include tripod, bucket, pot, reed, plate, hairpin, jar, ge, spear, sword, crossbow, arrow, gold, spear, chisel and various chariots and horses. There were still some practical utensils in the early days. During the Warring States period, bronzes were miniaturized and changed to funerary wares. Pottery mainly includes ding, beans, pots, reeds, plates, cards, cans, horns, cans, pots, cans and so on. Gold wares include bubbles, hooks, gold handles, copper cuts, etc. Jade and stone tools are mostly walls, reeds and reeds. In addition, there are iron, bones, mussels, food and so on.
Baqitun Cemetery 10 was found in Chemakeng, and there were 2 cemeteries in Xicun. Generally, it is on the left side or at the foot of the main tomb, 9 ~ 25 meters away from the main tomb, with vertical holes, east-west and vertical shafts. If a car, two horses and a martyr are buried in a pit. The parts of the car are all made of wood, and the appearance is all brown paint. A car is mainly composed of four parts: a wheel, a shaft and two wheels. The artifacts unearthed in the chariot pit include the chariot seat, the chariot seat, the balance cap, the curtain ring of the hood, the bow cap, the hoop, the collar, the clockwork, the chain, the bell, the bubble, the ge and the handle. ? /kloc-more than 0/30 pieces, such as trowels, pliers, axes, axes, hoes, chisels, cuts, knobs, square rings, buckles, rattan, etc. 65,438+00 pieces of gold ornaments, such as bronze ornaments of golden buttons, golden buttons and golden beasts. Bone tools include 20 trowels, handshakes, iron rings, rings and pipes. There are three kinds of stone tools: grindstone and stone spoon. The discovery of Chemakeng fills the gap in the development series of Chemakeng in Qin State, and is an important material for studying the development and change of chariot system in Qin State. From 1973 to 1974, three bronze building components were found in Yaojiagang, of which 16 were unearthed in the first cellar, 2 1 in the second cellar and 27 in the third cellar. When unearthed, the components were arranged neatly, which was obviously intentionally preserved. Among them, there are 3 square members with double-sided rectangular patterns in the external corner, 2 square members with double-sided rectangular patterns in the internal corner, 13 hollow members with double-sided rectangular patterns, 27 single-tooth square members with double-sided rectangular patterns, and 6 single-tooth square members with single-sided rectangular patterns. These building components are used in combination with wood structures in buildings.
1September, 1977, a bronze cellar was found in gaowang temple, and 12 bronzes were unearthed. There are 3 ding, 1 beans, 2 pots, 2 piers, 1 plate, 1 brand, 1 hanging beam, 1 bottle. In addition to Qin vessels, this batch of bronzes also has a tripod engraved with the words "Wu Wangsun's soilless diaphragm tripod", which is for Wu vessels; Escape is Chu; Beans and mosaic banquet pictures have a typical Central Plains style. These artifacts unearthed in Yongcheng during the period of Wu, Chu, Central Plains and Qin reflect the complex relationship between Qin, Wu Chu and Central Plains countries.
1in March, 973, a bronze ware cellar was discovered in Chengguan North Street, Fengxiang, and 28 pieces of various bronzes were unearthed. There are 2 axes, 1 plate axis, 2 poles, 2 chisels, 1 chipper, 2 angle knives, 1 arrow, 15 arrow, 2 ornaments, 2 strategies, 3 bow caps and 5 copper bubbles.
Building materials A large number of building materials have been unearthed from Yongcheng site. Besides copper components, there are quite a few bricks, tiles, tiles, clay pipe, etc.
Bricks include strip bricks, patterned hollow bricks and decorative tiles.
Ceramic tiles include board tiles and pipe tiles. The surface of ceramic tile is decorated with triangular geometric patterns or the whole body is decorated with vertical rope patterns and staggered rope patterns.
Ceramic tiles are divided into text tiles and pattern tiles. The tile characters should be Niangong, Niangong, Yang, Long Live Tomb, Long Live Tomb and Giant Yang Tomb. There are gluttonous half-tiles, fighting animals, deer, geese, dogs, toads, deer, fish, double deer, standing deer, lying deer, running deer, tiger goose, double badger, badger, real phoenix, toad, lotus flower, house building and swallow tree. Checked arrow double moire, Mi Zige breast nail double moire, irregular single moire, cross double moire, double moire, double moire, sun moire, sunflower moire. In particular, the discovery of tile characters provides conclusive evidence for studying the distribution of Yongcheng Palace. A wide variety of animal pattern tiles, beautifully made and vividly shaped, are rare art treasures.
Pottery pipes are decorated with rope patterns on the outside and plain faces on the inside. One is big and the other is small. The big end diameter is 28-30cm, the small end diameter is 24cm, the total length is 7 1-75cm, and the wall thickness is 1cm.
There are a large number of bronzes unearthed from Yongcheng site, and their structures are complex. According to the purpose, there are ritual vessels, utility vessels and funerary vessels. The main shapes are ding, mirror, pot, bean, dish, reed, hairpin, bowl, boat, spoon, cup, cymbal, pot, mirror, hook, hook, bell, spear, ge, sword, knife, brocade and cymbal. Among them, 65,438+09 tripods, 4 disc tripods, 65,438+0 tripods with new ropes, 4 spherical ear tripods, 65,438+02 tripods, 65,438+0 tripods, 65,438+00 kettles, 2 garlic kettles and 6 beans. 5 cymbals, 1 kettle, 6 mirrors, 64 hooks and lapels, 60 bells, 3 spears, 6 spears, 5 swords, 44 chips and 136 cymbals.
More than 30 kinds 1000 pieces of pottery were unearthed. Among them, there are 82 ding, 70 reeds, 89 pots, 58 beans, 64 pots, 28 pots, 22 plates, 26 pots, 40 pots, 282 cans, 4 boxes, 55 pots, 22 cups and 30 pots.
Other cultural relics
37 pieces of gold wares were unearthed, including hooks, round pieces, gold column patterns, gold buckle bronze ornaments, gold bubbles and so on. There are more than 60 pieces of jade articles 160, such as yellow, block, jade, cong, ge, hook, circle hook, ring, ornament, jade tube and cicada. The ironware includes cauldrons, lamps, shovels, chippers, chisels, saws, drills, hooks, tweezers, swords, rings and decorations, totaling 66 pieces. There are also stone tools, bone implements, feeders, agates, crystals, lead, mussels and other utensils, about 600 pieces.