Morphological characteristics of Hei Hu root

The roots are similar in thickness and clustered at the base of swollen nodular stems. The lower part of the stem is covered with soil and the upper part is twisted. Branches are cylindrical, brown-black, with sparse lenticels and white spots. Leaves alternate, petiole length1~ 2cm, leathery, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, length 8 ~17cm, width 3 ~ 8cm, sharp or short tip, broad wedge-shaped base, whole margin, dark green upper surface, glossy, less hair, 6 ~ 8 lateral veins on each side; Stipules absent. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, solitary in leaf axils; Pedicel short and thick, 5 ~ 10 mm long; In full bloom, the flower diameter is about 4cm, the perianth is red or red-yellow, and more than 10 ~ 16 pieces are arranged in a wheel shape, with smaller outer wheel and larger inner wheel; The male flower has 14 ~ 48 stamens arranged in 2 ~ 5 rounds, and the filaments are combined into a cylindrical stamen column with a 3 ~ 8 mm drill-shaped appendage at the top; The pistil of the female flower is ovoid to nearly spherical, and 50-80 carpels are arranged in 5-7 rounds. Aggregate fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 6 ~ 10 cm, and consists of many small berries, which are red or purple-black when ripe; The fruit stalk is thick and straight, and the length is generally not more than 3 cm; The seeds are ovoid, red and 1.3 ~ 1.8 cm long. Flowering from April to July; Fruit-bearing period: August ~ 65438+ 10. Born on mountain slopes and valleys, it is often entangled in trees. Distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces.

Roots are cylindrical, slightly twisted, with different lengths and diameters of 1 ~ 4 cm. The surface is dark brown to grayish black, rich in longitudinal wrinkles, coarse lines and deep transverse cracks, and the bend is cracked into a horizontal ditch. Tough texture, rough fiber section, dark brown cork, wide brown peel, light brown xylem, densely covered with small holes (ducts). The breath is slightly fragrant, the taste is slightly sweet, and the back is slightly pungent. There is a dark brown pith in the center of the cross section of the rattan stem. Microscopic identification of roots (diameter 1.2cm) Cross section: cork layer cells are brownish purple. Cortical stenosis, scattered in large secretory cells, with a diameter of 80 ~ 65438 0.25 microns; In addition, a few single fibers are scattered, and the fiber wall is very thick. Most of the fine calcium oxalate cubes with a diameter of 8 ~ 13 microns are embedded in the outer wall to form embedded fibers. There are also secretory cells in phloem; There are many phloem fibers, and there are 2 ~ 6 bundles near the cambium. Many single fibers are scattered and gradually sparse outward, and calcium oxalate crystals are embedded in the outer wall of the fiber around a single fiber or fiber bundle. Form a layer, form a ring. The xylem vessel is large, with a diameter of100 ~ 240μ m; The tracheid diameter is 25 ~ 40μ m; Cells have 1 ~ 2 rows, most of which are 1 rows, containing dark brown substances. The parenchyma cells of this product contain starch granules.