Chen Fengtai's Fengtai Culture
In 2004, the tomb of Chen Fengtai, located in Tangtianshan Mountain, Qingxin County, Qingyuan City, was rediscovered by later generations. Subsequently, the Chen Qingyuan Fengtai Historical and Cultural Research Association was established, and the research on Chen Fengtai himself and his family's educational culture began to flourish.
The whole family moved south because of the "Hu Fei incident"?
One day more than 800 years ago. Outside Qingyuan County in the late Southern Song Dynasty, a large group of people gradually approached. The car is rich in property, and the owner is well dressed and has a prominent position.
In the middle of a carriage, the man's face was obviously a little tired, lost and depressed. Maybe he is worried about the change of political situation, the king's moodiness and even the imminent destruction of the country. He came from Nanxiong Prefecture (now Shaoguan) nearby. In order to avoid the national disaster, he moved to Qingyuan County for the first time with seven sons and 28 nephews. After getting ready for a rest, go south again.
At this point, Temujin's iron hoof swept the country.
The male host, who is nearly sixty years old, is called Chen Fengtai, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty and a medical advocate.
There have been two theories about Chen Fengtai's family moving south. One of them thinks that the Chen family moved here to avoid the national disaster because of the massive invasion of the Yuan army at the end of the Song Dynasty. He Yun Town, Qingxin County, where Chen Fengtai's tomb is located, Shahe Guihu Village (formerly known as Qingyuan Li Meng Post Station) is an important post station for communication between the Central Plains and Lingnan. Chen Fengtai is regarded as an anti-Yuan hero. Another statement comes from a sentence in Chen Jiapu, "Because of the incident, the whole family moved south".
What is the "Hu Fei Incident"? According to relevant records, in the eighth year of Xianchun (1272), he offended the emperor and fled to Nanxiong Zhuji Lane to save all his income for businessman Huang. After Huang knew that she was a noble princess, she dared not take her in and ordered her to escape, so she died of rape and plunder.
Shortly after leaving, the emperor missed her and ordered Zhang, Minister of War, to visit her. Nanxiong people rumored that the court would blame Zhuji Lane because Hu Fei was dead. Therefore, the residents of Zhuji Lane fled to the south, scattered in the southern coastal area.
However, researchers believe that this legend may not be credible. There is no record of imperial concubine's escape in the history books of Song Dynasty, but the genealogy of surname has a great difference in the record of Hu Fei's incident time, with a difference of 100 years. In the texts handed down to this day, the official titles and place names used are all from the Ming Dynasty, which is obviously remembered by later generations according to rumors. More importantly, when Song Duzong Xianchun was eight years old, the Yuan Army swept across Song Jun and the Central Plains, reaching the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Does the emperor still have the mind to take care of a concubine?
More researchers believe that the move of Chen Fengtai's family to the south was closely related to the move of Yuan soldiers to the south at that time.
Anti-yuan national heroes who are angry and worried about the country
According to textual research, Chen Fengtai's family moved to Zhuji Lane in Nanxiong Prefecture by his grandfather's uncle, and previously lived in Xiangfu County near Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. When the Song Dynasty was forced to move south, people here followed suit, and some people crossed Meiling in northern Guangdong and settled in Nanxiong at that time.
In "The Legacy of Mo Weng" written by Chen Fengtai's eldest son, it is recorded that the reason why Chen Fengtai's family moved south is as follows: "The third son, Ying, is a scholar, and is a doctor, making public comments. Unable to help foreigners, he surrendered his family and buried his father in Jiulongtan, Mengliyi, Qingyuan County. " "Can't help foreigners" literally means that the contract signed with the Yuan Dynasty was unsuccessful, which shows the real reason why the Chen family was demoted to the south.
Some researchers speculate that at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin State and the Southern Song Dynasty were in decline, while Mongolia was in prosperity. At that time, Mongolia proposed to unite the Southern Song Dynasty to destroy the State of Jin. The Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty accepted this proposal and prepared to destroy the old enemy Jin State with the help of Mongolia. Unexpectedly, it finally led to disaster and destroyed the mountains and rivers of the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Chen Jia and his son were officials in the imperial court and married the emperor. They must have put forward their own views on the RMB policy. Was it because some opinions finally angered the emperor that he was demoted? The answer is unknown.
The genealogy records the tragic situation of fleeing from home that year. When he moved from Zhuji Lane to other places that year, "seven brothers, twenty-eight sons and nephews, and more than thirty people accompanied him", indicating that all seven brothers were alive at that time. "There are boats to go and places to tread." Most of them went to Taishan, Xinhui, Dongguan, Heshan and other places. Chen Fengtai settled in Qingyuan city with six sons of Chen Tu. The third son, Chen Ying, was deeply guilty of "not helping foreigners" and implicated his family. Therefore, after the whole family moved to the remote Taishan to settle down, they returned to their father's side to serve their elderly father until he died.
Chen Fengtai is a doctor of advice and a bachelor of arts with national integrity. It is said that he was detained by enthusiastic Yao people when he was playing in Binjiang Mountain area and agreed to teach Yao children to read and write. In order to protect the environment and people, he instructed the Yao people to build a wall on the mountain and set up a camp. He and Chen Ying came forward to recruit refugees from the south, and together with the local Yao, Han and Zhuang nationalities, they formed the people's army with the Yuan soldiers.
In the case of disparity between the enemy and ourselves, Chen Fengtai and his son were defeated and died, and Yao Wang was extremely sad. They buried Chen Fengtai and his son in Qingyuan Li Meng Post, which is today's Gui Hu Village. Since then, Chen Fengtai and Chen Ying have been hailed as "anti-meta-heroes".
The argument about Chen's father and son's resistance to Yuan Dynasty mostly comes from the narration of later generations, which is rarely recorded in ancient books. However, according to historical records, Chen Renfu and Chen, descendants of Chen Fengtai's seventh son, resolutely donated thousands of grains and transported them to Yashan for support in the defense of Yuan Yashan at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu Xiufu, the prime minister at that time, asked the emperor to issue a decree in recognition of the achievements of the Chen brothers.
Today, on Tang Tian Mountain, there is still Shigangmen, the site of the ancient Yao people. The stone arch in front of the door is steep and the monuments are mottled. On the hill not far from Chen Fengtai's tomb, there is an ancient temple. It is said that it was built in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and it was a place for anti-Yuan rebels to contact and exchange information. After the failure of the Anti-Yuan Rebel Army, the ancient temple was destroyed many times. The existing temple was rebuilt by 1945 and has been well preserved to this day.
There are many other speculations about Chen Fengtai's later life and why he was buried in Tang Tian. Some people think that Chen Fengtai died after living in Qingyuan with his son for a period of time and was buried in Tang Tian. There is a saying that the descendants of Chen Zaiqingyuan discovered that Tang Tian is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, so they buried his body here. Some people think that Tang Tianshan Mountain is remote, perhaps to escape the war, and Chen Fengtai lived in seclusion here for his old age.
According to Chen's genealogy, Chen Ying, the third son of Chen Fengtai, is also buried in Tang Tian, but the specific location has not been found. With the in-depth study of "Fengtai Culture" by later generations, more historical mysteries will be solved.
Later generations organized groups to seek roots and explore Fengtai culture.
Chen Fengtai himself was a scholar in the Song Dynasty, and he was an official adviser. The eldest son Chen Mo is a scholar and assistant minister of punishments, the second son Chen Xuan is a scholar, the third son Chen Ying is a scholar and doctor of Xuanyi, the fourth son Chen Kai is a scholar and doctor of Xuanyi, and the fifth son Chen Run, the sixth son Chen Tu and the seventh son Chen Ren are all city students (scholars).
According to Chen and Kuang's genealogy, Chen Fengtai's wife is the daughter of Kuang Yuping, a big yin male in Nanxiong Zhuji Lane, and Mrs. Kuang's sister, Kuang Shuli, was conferred the title of imperial concubine on 1 168, which means that Chen Fengtai is the brother-in-law of the imperial concubine.
/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, when the Chen family in seventy-two counties of Guangdong donated money to build a temple, the remote tomb of Chen Fengtai was rebuilt, and a detailed map of the tomb was drawn, indicating the route of worship from the temple to the mountain and the family rules of agreeing to worship once every three years. It can be seen that Chen Fengtai was quite influential among the Chen family at that time.
When people pay homage to Chen Fengtai, they may seldom consider his patriotic elements of "resisting Yuan", but more yearn for the profound traditional culture and good scholarly family education of this family. At the end of 2006, more than 30 people from the "root-seeking group" of Chen Yingchuan Church in new york, USA/KLOC-0 returned to Qingyuan for a root-seeking visit, which was warmly received by the Guangdong Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, Qingyuan Municipal Government and Qingxin County Government. In the minds of these wanderers, Qingyuan has long been a fascinating "blessed land".
Chen Fengtai, the 26th descendant of Chen Fengtai and honorary chairman of the Provincial Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, believes that "Fengtai Culture" is first of all filial piety, which is based on blood relationship and permeates the whole clan. The second is to put reading and fame first. In ancient times, the purpose of becoming famous by reading was very clear, that is, to be an official. Looking at Chen Fengtai's descendants, most of their children mainly read books and actively participated in the imperial examinations. In the background environment at that time, studying as an official realized the value of life and was admired by future generations.
On the huabiao in front of Chen Fengtai's tomb, the names of outstanding talents in Chenjiachu High School between Daoguang and Guangxu are engraved.
Among the descendants of Chen Fengtai in modern times, there is Chen Xun, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and a professor of Ci in the College of Literature of Sun Yat-sen University. Chen Yuan, president of Fu Jen Catholic University and praised as a "national treasure" by President Mao Zedong; Julius Chan was elected Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea twice. Among the ethnic groups, there is Chen Baisha, who was called "a generation of great Confucianism" and "one person in Lingnan" in the Ming Dynasty; Jishi Shu of the Hanlin Academy and Chen Lanbin, the first ambassador of the Qing Dynasty to the United States; Guangxu invited Chen and others to explore flowers.
Another feature of Fengtai Culture is loyalty and patriotism. After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Fengtai's descendants warned future generations not to cooperate with the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, during the 90 years of Yuan Dynasty's rule, none of Chen who lived in Heshan wanted to be an official.
■ Historical sites
Loyal bone buried in Tang Tian Mountain
Tangtian Mountain is located in Gui Hu Village, Shahe, Qingxin County, with a vertical and horizontal length of more than 20 kilometers and an altitude of 1000 meters. It is the second highest peak in Qingxin County, majestic and steep, and looks like "other mountains are short under the sky." When you reach the top. Looking into the depths, there are countless short mountains, covered with vegetation and green all year round. It is an excellent place for feng shui.
In 2000, villagers in Gui Hu accidentally discovered Chen Fengtai's tomb and ran for it. In the following years, descendants of the Chen family and experts in literature and history came to mourn or research.
In addition to tombstones and altars, there are few artificial things in the cemetery, which are very harmonious in a primitive ecological and natural landscape.
About 100 meters away from Chen Fengtai's tomb, four China watches on the tomb road stand solemnly, and the stone lions on them have been destroyed. Huabiao, carved from marble, is 6 meters high and weighs about 3 tons, which records the reputation of descendants of Chen in the Qing Dynasty.
Surprisingly, the cemetery is on the top of a mountain nearly a kilometer long, and there is a natural pond with a square meter of 100 in front of it. The locals call this pond Champion Lake. Every spring, clear water is bright. It seems to be a piece of jasper embedded in Tang Tian Mountain.
■ The researchers said
Reconstruction of Chenfengtai Tomb
In the 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1892), when the central axis building of Chenjiaci in Guangzhou was about to be completed, it happened that Chen in Dongguan, Guangdong Province was exploring flowers in Gongkao Middle School. The good news came that Chen people thought it was to build a temple to show the spirit of geomantic omen and the blessing of ancestors. Therefore, in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), after the Chenjia Temple was built, the Chen family rebuilt the tomb of Chenfengtai in order to pursue the future with caution, carry forward the virtues of ancestors and remember their ancestors.
This time, the original cemetery was renovated, but there was no big change, and the original appearance was basically retained. At the same time, Chen people also set the rules of three-year sacrifice. In addition, in order to commemorate this maintenance, Chen also set up four Chinese watches beside the pond in front of the tomb. These China watches were made of the same kind of granite when the temple was built. Each piece is 2.5 meters high and engraved with a list of civil and military officials appointed by Chen Descendants during Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu years in the Qing Dynasty.
Among them, Chen was appointed by Guangxu to explore flowers, and was awarded the positions of editing and editing of the Hanlin Academy, promoting learning in Jiangning, and chief education officer of Guangdong and Guangxi. Subsequently, Li Hongzhang and Chen, on behalf of the Qing government, signed the "Special Provisions on Expanding the New Site of Hong Kong" with British General Gordon. This has also become one of the evidences for China to recover Hong Kong's sovereignty. Chen Yisheng is loyal to the monarch and patriotic, but in that era when he was bullied by the great powers, he could only "gouge out his wounds and seek the national plan" (from Chen Shi).
The four huabiao (called flower-exploring columns by local people) in Chen Fengtai's tomb are symmetrically arranged, which seems to be the four mighty men guarding Chen Fengtai's tomb day and night, and it is also a symbol of Chen Fengtai's descendants' piety to their ancestors and love for martial arts.