Who knows the name "Ming and Qing Dynasties 18 Province"?
Zhongshu Province). Yuan system was used in Ming and Qing dynasties. "Running book province" is referred to as "running province" and becomes a place.
The highest administrative unit.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the division of local administrative regions was basically the same as that in the late Qing Dynasty, with 22 provinces and several special administrative regions established.
. Because of the complicated political, historical and social conditions of these special administrative regions, the choice of political system is also special.
. After the establishment of Nanjing National Government, most special administrative regions were changed into provinces.
1. The provincial system of Beiyang government
The chief executive of this province used to have different names. To 19 13, 1, promulgated the "unification of the existing organizational structure of local administrative offices in various provinces".
After the order, it was unified as the chief of civil affairs, and its administrative organ was the provincial administrative office. The Minister of Civil Affairs is appointed by the central government, and the Prime Minister
Provincial government affairs. At the beginning, the civil administrators of many provinces served as governors, but later Yuan Shikai refused to be the local military capital.
When the governor controlled the local administration, he gradually appointed a civil servant as the civil administrator, which weakened the governor's power, but the actual effect was not obvious. manage
The organizational structure of the office is an office (general affairs) and four departments (internal affairs, finance, education and industry), with institutions and officials.
The staffing is relatively simple, and it is stipulated that the entire administrative office should have no more than 60 posts except the director. 1965438+ was promulgated in May 2004.
In the "provincial official system", the chief of the provincial civil affairs was changed to the governor's ambassador, and the administrative office was renamed the governor's ambassador. "Provincial Official System" on Province
The functions and powers of the chief executive are stipulated, and the governor makes the province's civil affairs and the garrison and the governor armed; by law
Fatwa may issue provincial decrees or separate articles of association, but they shall not contravene the existing laws and regulations; Under the special supervision of the government
Provincial financial and judicial administrative departments, to evaluate financial and judicial officials. After Yuan Shikai became the president of Li, except
19 17 in September, the system remained basically unchanged except that the governor was the governor and the governor's office was the governor's office. Governor's office
The organization is set up as a government office, which has four departments: general affairs, interior affairs, education and industry, and there are classes or units under the departments.
During the period of Beiyang government, there was a strange phenomenon in the provincial system, that is, the central government set up administrative agencies in each province to directly control the province.
Some important administrative affairs. For example, in September 19 14, financial departments were set up in all provinces, directly under the Ministry of Finance of the State Council, and all directors.
The Ministry of Finance shall report to the President for appointment, and the post of director shall be specially guaranteed by law so as to be exercised in the province.
Authority. After the implementation of this system, the provincial finance (including taxes, administrative expenses, budget and final accounts, etc.). ) will operate directly.
For the central Ministry of Finance, the province can only supervise but not direct its business. 1965438+proposed by the Ministry of Education in September 2007.
Every province has an education department, which makes education in each province independent, and the education department is directly under the Ministry of Education. Subsequently, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Commerce also petitioned each other.
The province has set up an industry department, which is economically and administratively independent. The implementation of these systems is aimed at the separatist state of local warlords.
So that the great warlord who holds the central political power can ensure the exercise of "state" power. But because the directors of these halls
Working under the influence of local warlords, if you can't get the cooperation of provincial forces, you can't get a foothold in the local area, so
Although the organization was established, there were many obstacles and it could not achieve the expected goal. In addition, the positions of chief financial officer and industrial director are very fat.
The lack of local warlords is imperative, and cronies are often appointed to force the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce to nominate the chairman of the Committee.
Actually, the Ministry can't ask.
Another important aspect of the provincial system is the provincial legislature. After the Revolution of 1911, the provisional legislatures of the provinces were extremely inconsistent. Until/very
19 13 In April, the Provisional Law on Provincial Councils was promulgated, and provincial councils were established in each province. Members of the provincial council are elected.
The number of places produced shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the "First Provincial Councillors Quota Table":
Zhili 184 Fengtian 64 Jilin 40 Heilongjiang 40 Jiangsu 160
Anhui 108 Jiangxi 140 Zhejiang 152 Fujian 96 Hubei 104
Hunan 108 Shandong 132 Henan 128 Shanxi12 Shaanxi 84
Gansu 56 Xinjiang 40 Sichuan 140 Guangdong 120 Guangxi 76
Yunnan 88 Guizhou 52
Zhili includes Shuntianfu, so Zhili is called Shunzhi Province. Zhili in the above table also includes Jehol and Chahar.
Area.
The election method adopts indirect election system, which is divided into primary election and re-election. The primary election was held in the county, and the only people elected in the primary election were
Is the person who really elected the provincial councillors. Electors have the same qualifications as members of Congress, namely: 1. Annual recruitment.
Collecting taxes above 2 yuan; Two, the real estate value in 500 yuan; 3. Those who have graduated from primary school or above;
4.2 1 year-old male; Five, living in the constituency for 2 years. The qualification requirement for candidates is at least 10 years old.
Over 25 years old, 4 years older than the voter's age requirement. The election supervisor shall inform the elected person of the re-election results. be elected
After receiving the notice, people should reply whether they are willing to serve as provincial councillors within 20 days. If you don't answer within the time limit, you won't take it.
Anyone who answers that he is willing to serve will be issued a certificate of provincial councillor.
The term of office of provincial councillors is 3 years and can be re-elected if re-elected. Provincial councillors cannot be members of parliament or administrative officials at the same time.
Official.
The provincial council is held once a year 1 time, with a duration of 60 days each time, which can be extended if necessary, but not more than 80 days at most. province
When parliament is in session, outsiders are usually allowed to attend. The provincial Council has three functions and powers: first, the decision-making power (separate regulations,
Provincial budget final accounts, provincial taxes, provincial debts, provincial property disposal, etc. ), second, the right of supervision (accepting people's administrative complaints,
Impeach the illegal provincial chief executive, illegally bribe provincial officials to the provincial chief executive, the province
Administrative issues); Three, the right to suggest, including administrative suggestions and answers to the suggestions of the provincial chief executive.
Ask. Resolutions of the provincial council shall be submitted to the provincial chief executive for promulgation and implementation. If the provincial chief executive thinks that the resolution should not be discussed, he can do so in 5
Ask the provincial Council for reconsideration within days; If you think the resolution violates the existing laws, you can consult the provincial council to cancel the resolution.
This restrictive measure of the provincial administrative organ to the provincial legislature can also be countered by the provincial legislature, that is,
The highest judicial organ of the country filed a lawsuit.
19 13 In June, the bourgeois revolutionaries launched a "second revolution" against Yuan, with Jiangxi Province as the first district. Yuanshi
While sending troops to suppress it, Kay set out to destroy the bourgeois parliamentary system. On August 6, Yuan Shikai ordered the dissolution of Jiangxi.
Provincial councils, and stop using the provincial councils of the provinces. On the 8th, the Guangdong Provincial Assembly was dissolved. 16, Hunan Province was dissolved again.
Parliament. After the complete failure of the "Second Revolution", Yuan Shikai brazenly ordered the abolition of Kuomintang members in June 5438 +065438+ 10.
Then the Kuomintang was ordered to wait, because most of the alternate members were members of the National Party.
The qualifications of supplementary members have also been cancelled, resulting in the National Assembly and provincial councils being unable to formally meet because of dissatisfaction with the quorum.
1914 65438+1October 10 Yuan Shikai announced that he would stop his position as a member of parliament and ordered the dissolution of provincial councils on February 28th.
After Yuan Shikai's death, Li reconvened the National Assembly on August 6th and ordered the provincial councils on August 6th.
1 01October1day, the provincial chief executives called the meeting to resume, but the provincial councils were not fully restored. Even if the provincial proposal is restored.
Will, and often out of the needs of local warlords, become the tool of their feudal regime.
Song Yuan Ming Qing Dynasty
Www.GSCN.com.cn, July 24th, 2005 17: 23: 46 Source: Gansu Provincial People's Government.
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During the Song, Jin and Liao Dynasties, administrative divisions were generally divided into three levels: road, state (government) and county. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was divided into 10 roads throughout the country. In the third year of Daodao (AD 997), it was changed to 15 Road (later increased to 26 Road), and Gansu belongs to Shaanxi Road. But the road in Song Dynasty is different from that in Tang Dynasty. The road in the early Song Dynasty was that the financial district had the function of supervision, and later it gradually became the highest local organizational system. The Daoji transshipment ambassador is in charge of finance and civil affairs (the chief is the transshipment ambassador); The appeasement department is in charge of the military (the chief is running appeasement); Ju Changping is in charge of the city's tea horses (the chief is Ambassador Changping); It is mentioned that the criminal prison department is responsible for justice. These four departments are not subordinate to each other, but directly under the central government. In the first year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (A.D. 104 1), Shaanxi was divided into Qinfeng, Jingyuan, Huanqing and Lu Yan (the first three roads were in Gansu). In the fifth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (AD 1072), Xihe Road was added. After several changes, there are two roads in the province: Yongxing Army Road and Qinfeng Road, which govern 265,438+0 states (government and army) and 565,438+0 counties (prisons and police). Yongxing Army Road (governing Jingzhao House, now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). There are Qingyang Prefecture, Zhou Huan, Yinzhou and Ningzhou in the province. Qingfeng Road (Qin Zhou, now Beidao Town, Tianshui City) governs Qin Zhou, Chengzhou, Fengzhou, Jiezhou, Weizhou, Jingzhou, Yuanzhou, Huizhou, Xizhou, Hezhou, Duke Zhou (formerly Tong Yuanjun), Zhou Min, Lanzhou, Zhou Tao, Xining, Deshunjun (now Jingning County) and Zhenrongjun. The army, located in the military security place of the Song Dynasty, is an administrative division at the same level as the government and the country. Tangut Xixia (165438- 1227) rose in the early 20th century and was founded in the first year of Ming Dow, Song Renzong. Duxingqing Prefecture (now Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) has jurisdiction over 22 states, including Gan (Xixia changed to Xuanhua Prefecture) and Liang (Xixia changed to Xixi Prefecture). Xixia ruled for about 190 years and was later destroyed by Mongolia. In the Southern Song Dynasty, most of Gansu belonged to the Jin Dynasty. Belonging to Lizhou West Road in the Southern Song Dynasty (called Qin Feng Road in the Northern Song Dynasty), there are Wenzhou, Jizhou, Xizhou (now Xihe and Lixian), Fengzhou, Tongqingfu (now Chengxian) and Tianshui Army (South Tianshui County and North Tianshui County were set up because Qin Zhou was occupied by gold in the early Shaoxing, and the county was changed to the army in the first year of Jiading, now Tianshui City). Jin Dynasty, located in Gansu Province, consists of 50 counties in 4 states 16. Fengxiang Road (governing Fengxiang House, now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), Tongdeshun House (Song Zengshunjun, but its jurisdiction has been expanded, including Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Zhuanglang County and the northwest of Longde County), Pingliang House, Zhenrongzhou (formerly Zhenrongjun),. Qingyuan Road (Qingyang Prefecture, now Qingyang County) connects Qingyang Prefecture, Zhou Huan, Ningzhou, Yuanzhou and Jingzhou. Lintao Road (under the jurisdiction of Lintao House, now Lintao County) has jurisdiction over Lintao House, Jishizhou (formerly West Brother City of Jishi County), Zhou Tao, Lanzhou, Duke of Zhou (now Dingxi, Longxi and Tongwei County), Huizhou (now Jingyuan County) and Hezhou.
The administrative divisions of Gansu in Yuan Dynasty were generally divided into four levels: provincial, Taoist, prefecture and county. In order to strengthen centralized feudal rule, the Yuan government set up central jurisdiction areas (including Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei), which were divided into 1 1 provinces throughout the country to govern the government affairs of the provinces. In the administrative history of our country, the provincial system was initiated. At the beginning of the province, it was the highest organizational system in the central government. In the 18th year of Yuan Shizu-Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 128 1), Gansu was officially established as a province, which was called "the province of books in Gansu and other places" (the chief executive was Pingzhang politics), and was referred to as Gansu Province for short, which governed Ganzhou Daoganzhou (now Zhangye City). The province has jurisdiction over 7 roads, 5 zhili states, 4 prefectures, 22 subordinate states and 24 counties. The eastern part of the province belongs to Shaanxi Province. In addition, the Anti-government Cheap Visit Department of Beilong Road was set up in Hexi, which was in charge of supervision and was subordinate to Yushitai of Shaanxi. Gansu Province includes Ganzhou Road, Yongchang Road (formerly Liangzhou), Suzhou Road, Shazhou Road, Yijinai Road (now Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Ningxia Fu Road and Wucihai Road. The two Zhili States are: Shandan State (the land was granted to King Azizi in the early Yuan Dynasty and was promoted to Taishou in the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty) and Xining State. The five subordinate states are: Xiliangzhou (under Yongchang Road), Guazhou (under Shazhou Road), Lingzhou (under Ningxia Fu Road), Mingsha State (under Ningxia Fu Road) and Yingli State (under Ningxia Fu Road). The eastern part belongs to Shaanxi Province: Jingzhou, Kaicheng Prefecture (now Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinglangfu, Hezhou Road (subordinate to Marshal's Mansion), Zhou Tao, Zhou Min, Zhou Tie (now east of Min County), Changgong (Tongluochang, Pingliang, Lintao, Qingyang, Qinlong, Ning, Changgong).
At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it followed the provincial system of Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (AD 1369), Shaanxi and other places were assigned to Zhongshu Province (under Gansu). In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (A.D. 1376), in view of the excessive authority of the provincial government, in order to prevent the separatist situation in towns and towns in the late Tang Dynasty, strengthen the control of the central government over the localities, abolish the provincial system, set up a department on the basis of the original provincial government, and separate the judiciary, the administration and the military. The departments were not unified and the three departments could not concurrently serve each other. There are 13 administrative divisions in China, plus Beijing (North Zhili) and Nanjing (South Zhili) 15 administrative divisions (hereinafter referred to as divisions, commonly known as provinces), and a three-level system of provinces, prefectures and counties is implemented. Gansu is under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Chengxuan Bureau. Gansu has 5 states, 9 states (subordinate to states) and 50 counties. These five states are Qingyang, Pingliang, Changgong, Lintao and Lingzhou (Zhili). The Kyushu is: Ningzhou (under Qingyang Prefecture), Jingzhou, Jingning Prefecture, Guyuan Prefecture (above three prefectures belong to Pingliang Prefecture), Qin Zhou, Jizhou, Huizhou (above three prefectures belong to Changgong Prefecture), Lanzhou and Hezhou (above two prefectures belong to Lintao Prefecture). In addition to the government (Zhili Prefecture) and subordinate counties, there are health clinics and institutes. According to the custom of Ming dynasty, all health centers and hospitals located in the border and key areas, and all banks located in border towns are under the command of envoys, and each province has an envoy. The garrison was a military organization, but later it was also responsible for civil affairs in the border areas. There are 2 1 health centers with 9,000 households in Gansu, namely, health centers (so located in the east of Lintan County), health centers (now Minxian County), Ningxia Health Center, Ningxia Qianwei, Ningxia Zuotun Health Center, Ningxia Youtun Health Center (now Ningshuo County), Ningxia Weifang Health Center (now southeast of Lingwu County), Ningxia Zhongwei Health Center (now Zhongwei County) and Ningxia Health Center. The above are Shaanxi viceroy), Ganzhou Zuo Wei (now Zhangye City), Ganzhou Youwei (now Zhangye City), Ganzhou Zhongwei, Ganzhou Qianwei, Ganzhou Garrison, Suzhou Garrison (now Jiuquan City), Shandan Garrison (now Shandan County), Yongchang Garrison (now Yongchang Road), Liangzhou Garrison (now Wuwei City) and Zhencounterguard (now Minqin) In addition, the nine major towns of the Ming Dynasty were Ningxia (now Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Guyuan (now Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) and Gansu (now Zhangye City).
The local administrative system of the Qing Dynasty was a three-level system of province, government (Zhili prefecture and Zhili hall) and county (scattered prefecture and scattered hall). In the early Qing Dynasty, it was divided into 18 provinces. In the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1664), Shaanxi left and right ambassadors were set up, and the right ambassador was stationed in Changgong (now Longxi). In the sixth year of Kangxi (AD 1647), the right ambassador in Shaanxi was changed to a regular worker. The following year, it was changed from regular workers to Gansu, and moved from regular workers to Lanzhou. Although the provincial system in Qing Dynasty followed the system in Ming Dynasty, it was further improved. Its characteristic was that there was a governor, that is, the highest official in charge of the military and political affairs of a province (the governor system began in Ming Dynasty, but it did not have certain jurisdiction), and there were governors in charge of the military and political affairs of one or several provinces above the governor, and there were managers in the province. In the third year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1725), all arbitrators commanded the envoys, guards and courts. In the 29th year of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1764), the governor of Gansu (originally in Ningxia, moved to Lanzhou in the fifth year of Shunzhi, that is, A.D. 1648) served as the governor of northern Shaanxi, and later moved to Lanzhou as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. At that time, the jurisdiction of Gansu was basically the same as that of Gansu today, except Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia. It can be said that the administrative region of Gansu was laid in the Han Dynasty, formally in the Yuan Dynasty and completed in the Qing Dynasty. In the 10th year of Guangxu reign (A.D. 1884), Xinjiang broke away from Gansu and became a province alone. After Lunzhi, Gansu Province administered 8 prefectures, 6 zhili prefectures, 1 zhili hall, and 6 1 county. These eight states are: Lanzhou, Pingliang, Changgong, Qingyang, Ningxia, Xining, Liangzhou and Ganzhou. Zhili Prefecture (at the same level as the government) is Jingzhou, Guyuan, Jiezhou, Qin Zhou, Suzhou and Anxi. 1 Zhili Hall (at the same level as the government, located in areas where several ethnic groups live in concentrated communities in the province, without leading counties), namely Zhili Hall in Pingchuan (Pingliang, Huating, Guyuan and Longde). In addition to Zhili Hall, there are 8 subordinate halls in the province (scattered hall, belonging to the government, not leading the county); Zhou Tao Hall (belonging to Changgong House, now Lintan County), Zhuanglang Hall (belonging to Liangzhou House, now south of Yongdeng County), Fuyi Hall (belonging to Ganzhou House, now Linze County), Ningling Hall (Ningxia Prefecture, now Wuzhong, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Guide Hall (belonging to Xining House, now Guide County, Qinghai Province), Xunhua Hall (belonging to Xining House, now Xunhua County, Qinghai Province) The Qing dynasty also set up prison areas in some areas. There are six monitoring areas in Gansu Province: Pingqingjing Solidification Road (Pingliang area), Ganliang Road (Ganzhou area), Anshoushou Road (Anxi area), Gongqin Street Road (Qin Zhou area), Ningxia Road (Ningxia area) and Ninglu Road (Xining area).
Song Yuan Ming Qing Dynasty
Www.GSCN.com.cn, July 24th, 2005 17: 23: 46 Source: Gansu Provincial People's Government.
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During the Song, Jin and Liao Dynasties, administrative divisions were generally divided into three levels: road, state (government) and county. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was divided into 10 roads throughout the country. In the third year of Daodao (AD 997), it was changed to 15 Road (later increased to 26 Road), and Gansu belongs to Shaanxi Road. But the road in Song Dynasty is different from that in Tang Dynasty. The road in the early Song Dynasty was that the financial district had the function of supervision, and later it gradually became the highest local organizational system. The Daoji transshipment ambassador is in charge of finance and civil affairs (the chief is the transshipment ambassador); The appeasement department is in charge of the military (the chief is running appeasement); Ju Changping is in charge of the city's tea horses (the chief is Ambassador Changping); It is mentioned that the criminal prison department is responsible for justice. These four departments are not subordinate to each other, but directly under the central government. In the first year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (A.D. 104 1), Shaanxi was divided into Qinfeng, Jingyuan, Huanqing and Lu Yan (the first three roads were in Gansu). In the fifth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (AD 1072), Xihe Road was added. After several changes, there are two roads in the province: Yongxing Army Road and Qinfeng Road, which govern 265,438+0 states (government and army) and 565,438+0 counties (prisons and police). Yongxing Army Road (governing Jingzhao House, now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). There are Qingyang Prefecture, Zhou Huan, Yinzhou and Ningzhou in the province. Qingfeng Road (Qin Zhou, now Beidao Town, Tianshui City) governs Qin Zhou, Chengzhou, Fengzhou, Jiezhou, Weizhou, Jingzhou, Yuanzhou, Huizhou, Xizhou, Hezhou, Duke Zhou (formerly Tong Yuanjun), Zhou Min, Lanzhou, Zhou Tao, Xining, Deshunjun (now Jingning County) and Zhenrongjun. The army, located in the military security place of the Song Dynasty, is an administrative division at the same level as the government and the country. Tangut Xixia (165438- 1227) rose in the early 20th century and was founded in the first year of Ming Dow, Song Renzong. Duxingqing Prefecture (now Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) has jurisdiction over 22 states, including Gan (Xixia changed to Xuanhua Prefecture) and Liang (Xixia changed to Xixi Prefecture). Xixia ruled for about 190 years and was later destroyed by Mongolia. In the Southern Song Dynasty, most of Gansu belonged to the Jin Dynasty. Belonging to Lizhou West Road in the Southern Song Dynasty (called Qin Feng Road in the Northern Song Dynasty), there are Wenzhou, Jizhou, Xizhou (now Xihe and Lixian), Fengzhou, Tongqingfu (now Chengxian) and Tianshui Army (South Tianshui County and North Tianshui County were set up because Qin Zhou was occupied by gold in the early Shaoxing, and the county was changed to the army in the first year of Jiading, now Tianshui City). Jin Dynasty, located in Gansu Province, consists of 50 counties in 4 states 16. Fengxiang Road (governing Fengxiang House, now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), Tongdeshun House (Song Zengshunjun, but its jurisdiction has been expanded, including Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Zhuanglang County and the northwest of Longde County), Pingliang House, Zhenrongzhou (formerly Zhenrongjun),. Qingyuan Road (Qingyang Prefecture, now Qingyang County) connects Qingyang Prefecture, Zhou Huan, Ningzhou, Yuanzhou and Jingzhou. Lintao Road (under the jurisdiction of Lintao House, now Lintao County) has jurisdiction over Lintao House, Jishizhou (formerly West Brother City of Jishi County), Zhou Tao, Lanzhou, Duke of Zhou (now Dingxi, Longxi and Tongwei County), Huizhou (now Jingyuan County) and Hezhou.
The administrative divisions of Gansu in Yuan Dynasty were generally divided into four levels: provincial, Taoist, prefecture and county. In order to strengthen centralized feudal rule, the Yuan government set up central jurisdiction areas (including Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei), which were divided into 1 1 provinces throughout the country to govern the government affairs of the provinces. In the administrative history of our country, the provincial system was initiated. At the beginning of the province, it was the highest organizational system in the central government. In the 18th year of Yuan Shizu-Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 128 1), Gansu was officially established as a province, which was called "the province of books in Gansu and other places" (the chief executive was Pingzhang politics), and was referred to as Gansu Province for short, which governed Ganzhou Daoganzhou (now Zhangye City). The province has jurisdiction over 7 roads, 5 zhili states, 4 prefectures, 22 subordinate states and 24 counties. The eastern part of the province belongs to Shaanxi Province. In addition, the Anti-government Cheap Visit Department of Beilong Road was set up in Hexi, which was in charge of supervision and was subordinate to Yushitai of Shaanxi. Gansu Province includes Ganzhou Road, Yongchang Road (formerly Liangzhou), Suzhou Road, Shazhou Road, Yijinai Road (now Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Ningxia Fu Road and Wucihai Road. The two Zhili States are: Shandan State (the land was granted to King Azizi in the early Yuan Dynasty and was promoted to Taishou in the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty) and Xining State. The five subordinate states are: Xiliangzhou (under Yongchang Road), Guazhou (under Shazhou Road), Lingzhou (under Ningxia Fu Road), Mingsha State (under Ningxia Fu Road) and Yingli State (under Ningxia Fu Road). The eastern part belongs to Shaanxi Province: Jingzhou, Kaicheng Prefecture (now Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinglangfu, Hezhou Road (subordinate to Marshal's Mansion), Zhou Tao, Zhou Min, Zhou Tie (now east of Min County), Changgong (Tongluochang, Pingliang, Lintao, Qingyang, Qinlong, Ning, Changgong).
At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it followed the provincial system of Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (AD 1369), Shaanxi and other places were assigned to Zhongshu Province (under Gansu). In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (A.D. 1376), in view of the excessive authority of the provincial government, in order to prevent the separatist situation in towns and towns in the late Tang Dynasty, strengthen the control of the central government over the localities, abolish the provincial system, set up a department on the basis of the original provincial government, and separate the judiciary, the administration and the military. The departments were not unified and the three departments could not concurrently serve each other. There are 13 administrative divisions in China, plus Beijing (North Zhili) and Nanjing (South Zhili) 15 administrative divisions (hereinafter referred to as divisions, commonly known as provinces), and a three-level system of provinces, prefectures and counties is implemented. Gansu is under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Chengxuan Bureau. Gansu has 5 states, 9 states (subordinate states) and 50 counties. These five states are Qingyang, Pingliang, Changgong, Lintao and Lingzhou (Zhili). The Kyushu is: Ningzhou (under Qingyang Prefecture), Jingzhou, Jingning Prefecture, Guyuan Prefecture (above three prefectures belong to Pingliang Prefecture), Qin Zhou, Jizhou, Huizhou (above three prefectures belong to Changgong Prefecture), Lanzhou and Hezhou (above two prefectures belong to Lintao Prefecture). In addition to the government (Zhili Prefecture) and subordinate counties, there are health clinics and institutes. According to the custom of Ming dynasty, all health centers and hospitals located in the border and key areas, and all banks located in border towns are under the command of envoys, and each province has an envoy. The garrison was a military organization, but later it was also responsible for civil affairs in the border areas. There are 2 1 health centers with 9,000 households in Gansu, namely, health centers (so located in the east of Lintan County), health centers (now Minxian County), Ningxia Health Center, Ningxia Qianwei, Ningxia Zuotun Health Center, Ningxia Youtun Health Center (now Ningshuo County), Ningxia Weifang Health Center (now southeast of Lingwu County), Ningxia Zhongwei Health Center (now Zhongwei County) and Ningxia Health Center. The above are Shaanxi viceroy), Ganzhou Zuo Wei (now Zhangye City), Ganzhou Youwei (now Zhangye City), Ganzhou Zhongwei, Ganzhou Qianwei, Ganzhou Garrison, Suzhou Garrison (now Jiuquan City), Shandan Garrison (now Shandan County), Yongchang Garrison (now Yongchang Road), Liangzhou Garrison (now Wuwei City) and Zhencounterguard (now Minqin) In addition, the nine major towns of the Ming Dynasty were Ningxia (now Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Guyuan (now Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) and Gansu (now Zhangye City).
The local administrative system of the Qing Dynasty was a three-level system of province, government (Zhili prefecture and Zhili hall) and county (scattered prefecture and scattered hall). In the early Qing Dynasty, it was divided into 18 provinces. In the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1664), Shaanxi left and right ambassadors were set up, and the right ambassador was stationed in Changgong (now Longxi). In the sixth year of Kangxi (AD 1647), the right ambassador in Shaanxi was changed to a regular worker. The following year, it was changed from regular workers to Gansu, and moved from regular workers to Lanzhou. Although the provincial system in Qing Dynasty followed the system in Ming Dynasty, it was further improved. Its characteristic was that there was a governor, that is, the highest official in charge of the military and political affairs of a province (the governor system began in Ming Dynasty, but it did not have certain jurisdiction), and there were governors in charge of the military and political affairs of one or several provinces above the governor, and there were managers in the province. In the third year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1725), all arbitrators commanded the envoys, guards and courts. In the 29th year of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1764), the governor of Gansu (originally in Ningxia, moved to Lanzhou in the fifth year of Shunzhi, that is, A.D. 1648) served as the governor of northern Shaanxi, and later moved to Lanzhou as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. At that time, the jurisdiction of Gansu was basically the same as that of Gansu today, except Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia. It can be said that the administrative region of Gansu was laid in the Han Dynasty, formally in the Yuan Dynasty and completed in the Qing Dynasty. In the 10th year of Guangxu reign (A.D. 1884), Xinjiang broke away from Gansu and became a province alone. After Lunzhi, Gansu Province administered 8 prefectures, 6 zhili prefectures, 1 zhili hall, and 6 1 county. These eight states are: Lanzhou, Pingliang, Changgong, Qingyang, Ningxia, Xining, Liangzhou and Ganzhou. Zhili Prefecture (at the same level as the government) is Jingzhou, Guyuan, Jiezhou, Qin Zhou, Suzhou and Anxi. 1 Zhili Hall (at the same level as the government, located in areas where several ethnic groups live in concentrated communities in the province, without leading counties), namely Zhili Hall in Pingchuan (Pingliang, Huating, Guyuan and Longde). In addition to Zhili Hall, there are 8 subordinate halls in the province (scattered hall, belonging to the government, not leading the county); Zhou Tao Hall (belonging to Changgong House, now Lintan County), Zhuanglang Hall (belonging to Liangzhou House, now south of Yongdeng County), Fuyi Hall (belonging to Ganzhou House, now Linze County), Ningling Hall (Ningxia Prefecture, now Wuzhong, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Guide Hall (belonging to Xining House, now Guide County, Qinghai Province), Xunhua Hall (belonging to Xining House, now Xunhua County, Qinghai Province) The Qing dynasty also set up prison areas in some areas. There are six monitoring areas in Gansu Province: Pingqingjing Solidification Road (Pingliang area), Ganliang Road (Ganzhou area), Anshoushou Road (Anxi area), Gongqin Street Road (Qin Zhou area), Ningxia Road (Ningxia area) and Ninglu Road (Xining area).
Song Yuan Ming Qing Dynasty
Www.GSCN.com.cn, July 24th, 2005 17: 23: 46 Source: Gansu Provincial People's Government.
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During the Song, Jin and Liao Dynasties, administrative divisions were generally divided into three levels: road, state (government) and county. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was divided into 10 roads throughout the country. In the third year of Daodao (AD 997), it was changed to 15 Road (later increased to 26 Road), and Gansu belongs to Shaanxi Road. But the road in Song Dynasty is different from that in Tang Dynasty. The road in the early Song Dynasty was that the financial district had the function of supervision, and later it gradually became the highest local organizational system. The Daoji transshipment ambassador is in charge of finance and civil affairs (the chief is the transshipment ambassador); The appeasement department is in charge of the military (the chief is running appeasement); Ju Changping is in charge of the city's tea horses (the chief is Ambassador Changping); It is mentioned that the criminal prison department is responsible for justice. These four departments are not subordinate to each other, but directly under the central government. In the first year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (A.D. 104 1), Shaanxi was divided into Qinfeng, Jingyuan, Huanqing and Lu Yan (the first three roads were in Gansu). In the fifth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (AD 1072), Xihe Road was added. After several changes, there are two roads in the province: Yongxing Army Road and Qinfeng Road, which govern 265,438+0 states (government and army) and 565,438+0 counties (prisons and police). Yongxing Army Road (governing Jingzhao House, now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). There are Qingyang Prefecture, Zhou Huan, Yinzhou and Ningzhou in the province. Qingfeng Road (Qin Zhou, now Beidao Town, Tianshui City) governs Qin Zhou, Chengzhou, Fengzhou, Jiezhou, Weizhou, Jingzhou, Yuanzhou, Huizhou, Xizhou, Hezhou, Duke Zhou (formerly Tong Yuanjun), Zhou Min, Lanzhou, Zhou Tao, Xining, Deshunjun (now Jingning County) and Zhenrongjun. The army, located in the military security place of the Song Dynasty, is an administrative division at the same level as the government and the country. Tangut Xixia (165438- 1227) rose in the early 20th century and was founded in the first year of Ming Dow, Song Renzong. Duxingqing Prefecture (now Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) has jurisdiction over 22 states, including Gan (Xixia changed to Xuanhua Prefecture) and Liang (Xixia changed to Xixi Prefecture). Xixia ruled for about 190 years and was later destroyed by Mongolia. In the Southern Song Dynasty, most of Gansu belonged to the Jin Dynasty. Belonging to Lizhou West Road in the Southern Song Dynasty (called Qin Feng Road in the Northern Song Dynasty), there are Wenzhou, Jizhou, Xizhou (now Xihe and Lixian), Fengzhou, Tongqingfu (now Chengxian) and Tianshui Army (South Tianshui County and North Tianshui County were set up because Qin Zhou was occupied by gold in the early Shaoxing, and the county was changed to the army in the first year of Jiading, now Tianshui City). Jin Dynasty, located in Gansu Province, consists of 50 counties in 4 states 16. Fengxiang Road (governing Fengxiang House, now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), Tongdeshun House (Song Zengshunjun, but its jurisdiction has been expanded, including Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Zhuanglang County and the northwest of Longde County), Pingliang House, Zhenrongzhou (formerly Zhenrongjun),. Qingyuan Road (Qingyang Prefecture, now Qingyang County) connects Qingyang Prefecture, Zhou Huan, Ningzhou, Yuanzhou and Jingzhou. Lintao Road (under the jurisdiction of Lintao House, now Lintao County) has jurisdiction over Lintao House, Jishizhou (formerly West Brother City of Jishi County), Zhou Tao, Lanzhou, Duke of Zhou (now Dingxi, Longxi and Tongwei County), Huizhou (now Jingyuan County) and Hezhou.
The administrative divisions of Gansu in Yuan Dynasty were generally divided into four levels: provincial, Taoist, prefecture and county. In order to strengthen centralized feudal rule, the Yuan government set up central jurisdiction areas (including Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei), which were divided into 1 1 banks nationwide.