Erigeron breviscapus is a common Chinese medicine. How to plant crops to achieve stable and high yield?
1 site selection and soil preparation 1. 1 site selection and planting, with medium or above fertilizer efficiency. The terrain is relatively gentle, and the pH value is acidic or alkaline, which is close to neutralization. Water storage irrigation does not use water, and sandy loam with organic matter is better. It is stipulated that the soil types are less than the national industry standard agricultural residues and heavy metal residues, and there is no pollution, and continuous cropping is reduced as much as possible.
1.2 Provisions on Soil Preparation and Fertilization 1 mu Apply 2000~3000kg of organic fertilizer, and then cultivate the cultivated land by machine. After careful soil preparation, open the soil moisture, the soil moisture width is 0.9 ~ 1.0m, and the ditch width is 0.3m Add 1 mu (15) 300g of 50% triadimefon wettable powder and 300g of 72% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder, mix them and apply them to the soil surface. The soil particles should be fine, otherwise it will affect the membrane.
2. Transplanting with plastic film 2. 1 Transplanting time is too early, because precipitation will come and dry, resulting in low survival rate and weak growth and development potential; Transplanting is too late, because the seedlings are too old and will bloom early. Therefore, both of them will affect the growth and development of erigeron breviscapus, and make the reasonable components and yield drop sharply. Jianchuan county generally enters the rainy season in early June, and June is the most suitable time for transplanting, so try to choose rainy days and morning and evening.
2.2 Water and cover with film. First, water with water permeability is poured on the soil surface, then the gray-black plastic film is covered tightly, and the thin soil with the thickness of 1cm is evenly spread on the film with ditch soil to prevent the plastic film from burning the seedlings or being blown away by the wind. Planting black plastic film can not only moisturize, replenish water and weed, but also fully meet the temperature, cooling and humidity standards required for the growth and development of Erigeron breviscapus. After planting, the seedling stage is short, the growth and development potential is strong, the heading is fast, the early flowering is not easy, the structure is reasonable, and the yield is high, thus achieving the purpose of management and improvement.
2.3 The transplanting method is as follows: the plant spacing is 20cm× 15cm, and 5 plants are planted in each row. The relative density of 1 mu is1.8000 ~ 20000 plants. Dig a small round hole in the plastic film with the ring finger and middle finger. The size and depth of the hole should be rolled up with the root of Erigeron breviscapus and planted steadily. After planting, fill the soil layer, tamp it gently, make the roots completely contact the soil, and thoroughly water the roots. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure Kakashi transplantation as much as possible.
3. Field management 3. 1 Check the seedlings to make up for the deficiency after transplanting for 3 days, check the seedlings in time, and make up the seedlings in time to ensure the whole seedlings if the seedlings are missing or fallen. While replanting the seedlings, excavate the fine soil in the ditch, and moderately add soil to the exposed area of plastic film on the wet surface to prevent the sun from burning the seedlings.
3.2 The characteristics of plastic film transplanting with water are to lock water and control the growth and development of weeds. However, there is no precipitation within 10 ~ 15d after transplanting, so water according to the situation, especially before harvesting leaves, to prevent the plants from dying due to lack of water after harvesting leaves. There is a lot of precipitation in the middle and late stage, so it is necessary to drain the pipeline in time to prevent brown spots caused by flooding.
3.3 After topdressing and transplanting for 20 days, 25g of "Tongfeng" culture solution was used in each bag, and 4 bags of 15kg and 1mu were sprayed with water to enhance its growth. After harvesting leaves for the first time, 1 mu is watered, and 20kg+ compound fertilizer (15: 15: 15) and 5kg urea solution are topdressing between the two plants. After that, according to the seedling situation, combined with 1 mu water injection, 5 ~ 10kg urea solution was applied, and the method was the same as above, so as to ensure the liquid fertilizer of Erigeron breviscapus was full and nutritious.
3.4 Weeding with black plastic film planting Erigeron breviscapus field grass is less, only a few weeds grow from transplanting holes, competing with Erigeron breviscapus for fertilizer and luster, so it is necessary to pull them out in time and clear the weeds in the ditch in time.
3.5 After transplanting Erigeron breviscapus 10d, stamens will appear. In addition to leaving the land, it should be cut off in time to control the growth and development of reproductive system, promote nutritional growth, heading and emergence and improve the drug composition, so as to achieve the purpose of high quality and stable yield. The cut stamens should be dried and sold separately.
3.6 Pest control There are few pests and diseases in Jianchuan County at this stage. The main pests and diseases are brown spot, downy mildew and downy mildew. The control method is to spray 500- 1000 times of 50% triadimefon wettable powder or 600-800 times of 72% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder once each time after harvesting, so as to prevent harvesting sadness and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
4. Harvesting and drying 4. 1 Harvesting method According to the calculation of pharmaceutical companies, the most reasonable component of Erigeron breviscapus is leaves, and the best harvesting time is the early flowering of flower buds. Therefore, the leaves on the ground are usually harvested with a sharp long knife about 50 days after transplanting, so as not to damage the growing point of the plant. Harvest again 30 days after the last harvest. At this time, the leaf yield is close to large, and it is generally harvested three times. When harvesting, choose sunny days as much as possible to facilitate drying. If the leaves are polluted by soil, they can't be washed. They should explode naturally after drying.
4.2 After drying and harvesting, it should be spread out and dried in time to prevent fever and mildew caused by continuous high temperature deposition, leading to a bumper harvest. When drying, it should be as thin as possible to reduce the number of rolling. Kneading in the drying period is easy to cause tea leaves to roll into tea leaves, which affects the appearance quality. Usually it can be dried by 1 ~ 2 days of exposure.
If the weather is bad, spread it evenly and put it away from the rain to dry. Be careful not to get wet in the rain, or it will turn black easily. You can be exposed to the sun for several hours after d. The standard of dried Erigeron breviscapus requires green color, no mildew, yellowing, blackening and impurities, and the moisture content does not exceed 1 1% ~ 15%. Unified specification woven bag packaging, each bag 10? Kg, stored in a dry and dark place for sale.