How many colors do the emperor's robes have?
Dragon robe cloth in Ming dynasty
Ma Weidou [Weibo], Emperor of the Xia Dynasty in Qing Dynasty, was born in Rongcheng, Shandong Province. Famous collector, founder and current curator of Guanfu Museum [Weibo].
The image of Kirin was inspired by giraffes in the early days.
Kirin is interesting to say. Some scholars believe that we were inspired by giraffes when we created Kirin (a Swiss beast) in the early days. In a sense, people must create such an image based on an image. In ancient times, some people used this image, but China people couldn't accept it, so they changed the image of Kirin, shortened its neck and made it more ornate.
We think that Kirin is just an auspicious beast, and dragon, as a beast, can go from heaven to earth, including into the sea and into the water. This is a basic feature of the dragon as a symbol of the emperor. We say that the emperor is "the real dragon emperor"; When the emperor is happy, he is called "Yan Long Da Yue"; When he is unhappy, he is "Long Yan is unhappy"; The emperor's bed is called the "dragon bed" and the chair he sits in is the "dragon chair"-everything is related to dragons. There used to be a Peking Opera called "Playing the Dragon Robe", which mainly said that the emperor made a mistake, and he still had to be punished if he made a mistake, but he could not directly punish the emperor, so playing the Dragon Robe was a symbolic punishment.
The shape of the dragon robe remains the same, but the material is different.
This is a summer robe of the emperor in the middle of Qing Dynasty. In our impression, bright yellow is the color used by the emperor, not the color of the dragon robe, but this dragon robe is blue. Some people may think there is something wrong, but there is nothing wrong with it. In fact, there are four colors of robes-yellow, white, red and blue, which are bright yellow, moonlight, red and turquoise that we are all familiar with. The "Eight Banners" mentioned in the past are also these four colors-yellow, white, red and blue, and yellow, white, red and blue.
During the Yongzheng period, the official uniforms were designated as these four colors: azurite, bright yellow, scarlet and moonlight, and azurite was the first color. During the Qianlong period, the heavier stone cyan was changed to blue, so the color of the blue robes became lighter and lighter.
The emperor's clothes change all the year round. Because the emperor has a ritual system, the shape of the dragon robe is the same, but the materials are different. This is a summer dress, which is transparent. Put your hand in and you can see it through your clothes. This is a tulle embroidered with dragons. Appreciation The picture on the right is a material of the dragon robe of Ming Dynasty, which has not been cut. You can see clearly that in the middle is the human neck, that is, the head, and this place is to be cut. The robes of the Ming Dynasty are huge, unlike those of the Qing Dynasty. After the formation of dragon robes in Qing Dynasty, there were nine dragons on a dragon robe. There are only two pieces on the back of this material, and there is a big dragon in front. It is not easy for this kind of material in the late Ming Dynasty to be preserved today. There is a thread left in the middle, which should be cut from this place. This cloth is a direct tapestry. As can be seen from its back, when weaving this cloth, the pattern is directly woven on it. In other words, the pattern on the dragon robe is actually woven first and then cut. Learn more about the dragon pattern on the D dragon robe.
There are many kinds of dragon robes worn by emperors. First of all, dresses, also known as "clothes", are worn on the most important occasions, such as enthronement, birthdays, winter solstice and so on. The second category is "Jifu", which is worn on auspicious days; Then "luggage" and finally "swallow suit". The so-called swallow suit is usually worn when no one is around.
The emperor is the supreme of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and the dragon on the emperor's robes has some different characteristics accordingly. In the Qing dynasty, there were clear regulations on the dragon pattern on the dragon robe. Only the emperor is a dragon with five claws, and ministers below the emperor use four claws, so they are also called pythons. But don't think you can tell just by the appearance, because sometimes it is an imitation of the age, especially on porcelain, and then it can't explain its level. In the heyday of the Qing dynasty, there were few restrictions on the people and only a little restrictions on robes. For the emperor, first of all, the color is bright yellow, the crown prince is apricot yellow, and the prince is golden yellow. The control below the queen is gradually decreasing, and other aspects are not so strict.
A. Aya B. Luo C. Silk D. Satin
Ma Weidou comments: The difference between the four fabrics lies in the different knitting methods. Luo, silk and satin are all woven horizontally and vertically, and only twill is woven diagonally. Why is it called Ling? We always talk about diamonds, but in fact, at first it was related to ice, and twill was woven diagonally. Therefore, due to its special knitting method, the cost is very high. After the Ming dynasty, silk was basically not produced. In the Ming Dynasty, many famous calligraphers wrote their words directly on silk books. However, twill has a disadvantage, that is, once it is formed, it may be deformed if it is written and pulled hard. Therefore, because of its high cost and easy deformation, silk gradually died out after the Qing Dynasty.
Answer: Yes andNo. B. Getting paid C. Strength faction D. Pro-labor faction
Ma Weidou's comments: Twelve Chapters are symbols in China's imperial costumes, and they are twelve decorative patterns embroidered on the costumes of China emperors and senior officials, collectively called "Twelve Chapters". There are twelve chapters in Zhou Li, but each dynasty has different rules. In the Qing dynasty, it became a fixed pattern during the Qianlong period. Twelve chapters were embroidered on the emperor's most important dress, indicating the emperor's position and his talents and virtues.
Each decorative pattern in Chapter 12 represents a meaning. Except the axe emblem in the title represents right and wrong, the Ri Zhang emblem represents the sun, the moon emblem represents the moon and the star emblem represents the stars in the sky. These three signs take their meaning of "shining". The top of the mountain represents mountains and stability; Dragon seal pattern, taking the meaning of strain; China's insect emblem, representing birds, takes its literary significance; Zong Yi Zhang Wen, that is, the ancestral temple, takes its loyalty and filial piety; Algae strips, that is, algae, take their clean meaning; Fire emblem, that is, flame, takes its bright meaning; The pink rice coat of arms, that is, white rice, takes its nourishing meaning; The coat of arms is in the shape of "Asia" in black and blue, which means discrimination.
Answer: Jiangning weaving B. Hangzhou weaving C. Mingzhou weaving D. Suzhou weaving
Ma Weidou's comments: At that time, there was a special department in the Qing Dynasty responsible for all the cloth in the palace. In the past, the weaving bureau had two purposes: upper use and official use. Upper use refers to court use, that is, queen use; The officially woven cloth is for General Wang. Everyone is familiar with Jiangning weaving. Cao Xueqin's grandfather, Cao Yin, was an official here. He was the class governor of Kangxi. He had a deep friendship, and because of this, he was later killed. Jiangning weaving, Jiangning is Nanjing. Everyone in Suzhou and Hangzhou knows that the manufacturing industry is still very developed today. Mingzhou means Ningbo. In fact, the manufacturing industry is also very developed. Many tailors in Shanghai used to be from Ningbo. So why did Mingzhou later change its name to Ningbo? It was changed by the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. When Zhu Yuanzhang founded Ming, he asked Mingzhou to avoid national taboos and changed Mingzhou to Ningbo today, which is still in use today.
A: six kinds of B. seven kinds of C. eight kinds of D. nine kinds
Ma Weidou comments: Some people say that the dragon has nine symbolic animals, that is, nine are similar, but there are different opinions. Let's look at it one by one. Let's talk about its head shape first. The ancients described it clearly, saying it was "camel head" When we think about it carefully, the camel's head fluctuates and the faucet fluctuates. Second, the horns are antlers. Third, the eyes. There are two versions of dragon's eyes. One is that it is rabbit's eyes, and longan is red. On the other hand, shrimp eyes, eyes protruding. The fourth body, what we usually call the snake body, is more accurately the python body. Fifth, fish scales. There is no description of the tail in Nine Metaphors. In addition, there are eagle claws and Tiger Claw, which combine the claws of birds of prey in the sky with those of beasts on the ground.
We often say that "dragons have nine sons, and each is different", and there is also a folk saying that "dragons have nine sons, but they don't become dragons". That is to say, the nine descendants of dragons are not dragons, but nine different animals, each with its own strengths and unique skills. (According to "Drunken Civilization" II)