The situation in Qin dynasty
This lucky and magical country is Weiguo.
According to the Collection of Yuanhe's Surnames and Introduction to Genealogy, Zhou Wuwang named his younger brother (Wang Wen's youngest son) Kang Yi after he destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and he was called Kang Shu in the world. After the Three Prisons Rebellion was put down, the Duke of Zhou (the younger brother) named Shangdu area and seven families of Yin people as Kang Shu, established a country of defending the country, and made its capital sing. The following is its general development track of more than 800 years:
"Kang Shu" spread to Wei Houqing for seven generations. Later, he bribed Zhou Yiwang with a large sum of money, and Guo Wei became the Marquis. In the forty-two years of Duke Wu of Wei (77 BC1), Wei helped move eastward and became Qi Huangong. During the martial arts period, the country was relatively strong and the politics was very clear. Wu Gong died in 55, and his son Zhuang Gong succeeded him. Wei Zhuanggong died 23 years later, and his son Wei Huangong succeeded him to the throne. Huan Gong doted on his younger brother Zhou Xu, which caused him to be killed by Xu Zhou in the 16th year of his reign (before 7 17). After Huan Gong, his younger brother claimed that he killed Zhou Xu, succeeded to the throne, and died nineteen years later. When Wei competed for the throne, the inherited one was driven away only three years after he ascended the throne. Eight years later, Gong Hui restored the country, and once assembled the Yan State to attack Wang Hui, the king of Zhou. Gong Hui died in 3 1 year, and his son Wei Yigong succeeded him. Qi Huangong was extravagant and extravagant, and he liked cranes, but ignored state affairs. In the ninth year of his reign, the Northern Emperor invaded, Yi Gong was killed, and the country almost perished. With the help of Qi Huangong, Duke Wen of Wei restored the country and moved the capital to Chu. Wen Gong died after 25 years in office, and his son Wei succeeded to the throne. At the beginning, Wen Gong was rude to him, which led to the destruction of Wei in the third year of Cheng Gong (632 BC) and almost poisoned himself. After returning to China, he became a king for 35 years. After that, Wei Mugong. Mu Gong died in the eleventh year of his reign, and his son Wei Dinggong succeeded him. Ding Gong died in 12, and his son Wei Xiangong succeeded to the throne. After 18 years of dedication, he was driven away and recovered after 12 years. Gong Xian died in 33, and his son Wei Xianggong succeeded him. Xiang Gong died in the reign of 9 years, and his son Wei Linggong acceded to the throne. After forty-two years in office, Sun gave up his father and stood on his own feet. During the sixteen years from 492 to 477 AD, the state of Wei was in chaos, and Kuaiqin and the official father and son competed for the throne regardless of age, and the state of Wei was even weaker. After his death in 37 years, his uncle Sites Who Male attacked Prince Gong Chu and became Wei Jun ... Aigong died after five years in office, and his son Wei acceded to the throne. Gong Jing died in 19, and his son Wei Zhaogong succeeded him. Zhao Gong was killed by Wei Huaigong after six years in office. 1 1 year, Huai Gong was killed by Shen Gong. During the Wei Dynasty, Sanjin was strong, and Wei was attached to Zhao. He died in 42 years, and his son Wei succeeded to the throne. Gong Sheng died in 1 1, and his son Wei Chenghou succeeded him. In the 16th year of Emperor Hou's reign (346 BC), Wei Zi descended to seal Hou. Cheng Hou died in 29 years, and his son Wei Pinghou was in office. Pinghou died in the reign of 8 years, and his son Wei Sijun succeeded to the throne. In the fifth year (the first 320 years), Guo Wei was demoted to monarch. At this time, Weiguo was only based in Puyang. The heir died in 42, and his son Wei Huaijun succeeded to the throne. In the thirty-first year of the Huai Army (254 BC), the Huai Army appeared in front of Wang Wei. King Wei Anli killed the Huai army and destroyed the country. In the first 252 years, Wei recovered its territory, and Wang Wei Li and his son-in-law Wei Yuanjun acceded to the throne. In the 14th year of Yuan Jun (239 BC), the State of Qin occupied Puyang and took action to defend the country against barbarian king. Yuan Jun died in 23, and his son was succeeded by the army.
Nine years after Wei Jun crossed his toes (22 1 year ago), Qin unified the world, and Wei Guo continued to exist because of its weakness.
In the 21st year of Junjiao (209 BC), Qin Ershi abolished the title of Junjiao and the country perished. In 838, Wei passed on Guo Li to 35 princes.
"The wood in the forest is beautiful, and the wind will destroy it." The reason why Weiguo survived is precisely because it is weak and inconspicuous; In addition, it is good at striking a balance among big countries, being able to face the reality and advance and retreat freely. "The husband does not dispute, and the world cannot contend with him." The luck of defending our country and defending our country just confirms the correctness of Lao Tzu's famous saying, which is also enlightening to people today.
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-2 BC10) was the first unified dynasty in China history-the founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty. Won surname, Zhao [1][2], son of Xiang Wang of Qin Zhuang. Han nationality (formerly known as Huaxia nationality) [4] was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao State (now Handan City, Hebei Province). In 247 BC, the king of Qin, Wang Zheng 13 years old, ascended the throne, and was in charge of the affairs of the Empress Dowager and Prime Ministers Lv Buwei and Lao Ai. In 238 BC (the ninth year of the reign of the King of Qin), when Qin Shihuang was 22 years old, he held an adult coronation ceremony of the monarch in the ancient capital Yongcheng, and began to "govern the country personally", getting rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and reusing Lisi and Liao Wei. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi perished one after another. Xianyang is its capital. In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province) on his way to the East. Qin Shihuang thought that his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and changed the title agreed by ministers to "Emperor". Qin Shihuang was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, which had a far-reaching and significant impact on the history of China and the world, and was praised as "the first emperor through the ages" by Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty.
According to Records of the Historian and Biography of Lv Buwei, Qin Shihuang's mother Zhao Ji was originally the concubine of Lv Buwei. For political purposes, Lv Buwei gave Zhao Ji, who was pregnant, to an alien (that is, the king of Qin Zhuang). Later, a famous government was born in Evonne. According to "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang", "The Emperor of Qin Shihuang, Qin Zhuangzi also. King Xiang of Zhuang made a proton in Zhao Shengqin. When he met Ji, he gladly took it and became the emperor. " As the son of an underrated proton, Zhao Zheng spent his youth in Handan, the capital of Zhao. At this point, the aliens have returned to the State of Qin through Lv Buwei's mediation, and recognized Mrs. Huayang as her mother. After many political struggles, he finally won the trust of Huayang. Lv Buwei spent a lot of energy and money to bring Evonne and her son back to Qin. From then on, Zhao Zheng began his political career in Qin king Palace.
In the third year of Wang Xiang in Qinzhuang (247 BC), Wang Xiang died in Qinzhuang, and Zhao Zheng succeeded to the throne of Qin. When he acceded to the throne, because he was young, national politics was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei was honored as Guanzhong. Lv Buwei not only controls the imperial court, but also has an affair with the Empress Dowager (Evonne). Seeing that Qin Shihuang was getting older, he was afraid of being discovered by him, wanted to leave the Queen Mother, and was afraid of the Queen Mother's resentment, so he presented false eunuch's old moxa to the Queen Mother, which was fake and rotten, and only pulled out his beard and entered the palace. Qin Shihuang grew up day by day, so they lied to Qin Shihuang, saying that the queen mother's bedroom was not feng shui and she wanted to move out of here. Qin Shihuang believed it, so they moved far away from Qin Shihuang. As a result, the Queen Mother gave birth to two illegitimate children. This false eunuch, Ai, pretended to be the king's father. With the help of the Queen Mother, he sealed a long letter, owned Yang Shan, Taiyuan and other places, and collected his own henchmen. Lao Ai has been operating in Yongcheng for many years, and has established a huge force, which is another powerful political force after Lv Buwei.
Ai's success is inevitable. When he was drunk, he scolded a minister: "I am the false father of the king of Qin, how dare you provoke me." The minister was very angry after hearing this, and secretly found an opportunity to tell Qin Shihuang. Ed panicked and was ready to rebel.
In the first 238 years, Qin Shihuang held a coronation ceremony at Yongnian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai rebelled with the imperial seal of the King of Qin and the imperial seal of Empress Dowager Cixi, and captured the Palace of Prayer for the Year. Qin Shihuang had already arranged 3000 elite soldiers in the Prayer Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai moved to Xianyang Palace, where there was already an army. Lao Ai fled alone and was arrested soon. Qin Shihuang dismembered Lao Ai's five horses and made them public. And put his mother Zhao Ji in the Luyang Palace in Yongcheng; Two illegitimate children born to Lao Ai and the Empress Dowager. Qin Shihuang then dismissed Lv Buwei and exiled Lv Buwei to Bashu. Later, although he listened to the nobles of Qin and issued an "expulsion order" to expel the diners from the six countries, he was discouraged by Li Si's "Exhortation and Expulsion" and later appointed Liao Wei, Li Si and others.
From 230 years ago to 22 1 year ago, Qin Shihuang adopted the strategy of distancing himself from Lian Heng, and launched the war of Qin destroying six countries. In the seventeenth year of Qin Shihuang (230 years before the reunification of Qin), Korea was destroyed, in the nineteenth year of Zhao (228 years before), in the twenty-second year of Wei (225 years before), in the twenty-fourth year of Chu (223 years before), in the twenty-fifth year of Yan (222 years before) and in the twenty-sixth year of Qi (22 years before1year). Finally, the first unified, multi-ethnic, centralized autocratic country in China history-Qin Dynasty was established.
In 26 years, Wang Zheng ascended the throne of Qin State and finally unified China. At the beginning of the world, the first thing Qin, 39, was eager to do was to redefine his title.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, governors of various countries called "Jun" or "Wang". At the end of the Warring States period, Qin and Qi were once called "emperors", but this title was different at that time. Qin, who dominated the country, thought that these titles in the past were not enough to show his respect. "Today's name is even less important, so it is impossible to call it success and pass it on to future generations." He ordered ministers to discuss titles.
After some discussions, Prime Minister Wang Wan, jie feng, Tingwei Lisi and others thought that the government of the Qin Dynasty was "Xingyi soldiers, killing residual thieves and leveling the world", and its achievements were "unprecedented since ancient times, and the five emperors were far behind". Quoting the traditional honorific words, it is said that "emperors, Huangdi, Tai Huang and Tai Huang were the most expensive in ancient times", and it is suggested that the title of "Tai Huang" should be adopted by the King of Qin. However, Qin Shihuang was not satisfied with this. He only used the word "emperor" and added the word "emperor" under it because of "three emperors and five emperors", creating a new title of "emperor" and awarding it to himself.
From then on, "Emperor" became the title of the supreme ruler of China.
The appearance of the title "Emperor" is not only a simple name change, but also a new concept of notification. In ancient times, "emperor" meant "great", and people sometimes called ancestor gods and other gods "emperor". "Emperor" is the highest god who dominates everything in ancient people's imagination. Qin Shihuang combined the words "emperor" and "emperor" into one. First, it shows that he wants to express his supreme status and authority, which is given by God, that is, "the supreme power is given by God"; Second, it reflects that he is not satisfied with being only the ruler of the world, but also a god.
It can be seen that the title of "emperor" is the product of the deification of the monarchical power in Qin Dynasty.
Qin became the first emperor in the history of China, calling himself "the first emperor". He also stipulated that when he passed the throne to future generations after his death, the heirs would be called the second emperor, the third emperor and even eternal life. The dream that Qin Shihuang's throne will be inherited by his family forever "spreads endlessly" (Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography).
In order to sanctify the status of the emperor, Qin Shihuang took a series of measures to "respect the monarch":
Cancel the funeral ceremony The funeral ceremony began in the early Zhou Dynasty, and it was given an evaluation title based on the life story of the king after his death. Qin Shihuang, on the other hand, thought that "the son discusses the father and the minister discusses the monarch", which is outrageous and meaningless. He announced the abolition of the obituary law and prohibited future courtiers from evaluating themselves.
The son of heaven calls himself "I" The word "I" has the same meaning as "I". In the past, everyone could use it. Qin Shihuang limited that only the emperor could call himself "I".
The emperor's orders are called "control" or "imperial edict".
It is not allowed to mention the name of the emperor in the text and should be avoided. Whenever the words "emperor" and "first emperor" appear on the document, a new line should be written.
Only the jade carving seal used by the emperor can be called "seal"
The purpose of these regulations is to highlight the special position of the emperor, emphasize that the emperor is different and strengthen the mystery of imperial power in people's hearts. Qin Shihuang fantasized that with these measures, his throne would be passed down from generation to generation.
Qin Ershi (230 years ago -207 years ago), surnamed Zhao and named Hu Hai, reigned from 2 10 to 207, also known as Emperor II. He is the 18th son (youngest son) of Qin Shihuang, the younger brother of Fu Su, the eldest son, and studied prison law with Zhao Gao from Zhongchefu. Qin Shihuang went to the platform of Nansha Qiugong, where he died of illness, but he did not send out mourning. With the help of Zhao Gao and Li Si, he killed more than 20 brothers and sisters and forced Fu Su to become the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty.
Qin Ershi acceded to the throne, the eunuch Zhao Gao mastered the real power. He ordered all the people who had no children in Qin Shihuang's harem to be executed, and all the craftsmen were sealed in Lishan Mausoleum when Qin Shihuang was buried. Fifty thousand men were recruited to guard Xianyang, so that they could shoot dogs, horses and animals. The tyranny of the Qin Dynasty triggered the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu in the first 209 years. Li Si, the left prime minister, and Feng Jie, the right prime minister, wrote to demand that the construction of Epang Palace be stopped and that all kinds of exorbitant taxes and levies be reduced. II listened to Zhao Gao's slanderers, so he killed Reese and forced Feng Quji and Feng Jie to commit suicide. In July of the third year of II, Zhang Han and Wang Li surrendered to Xiang Yu, Liu Bang captured Wuguan, and Zhao Gao was terrified. 207 years ago, Zhao Gao conspired with Yan Le, Xianyang's son-in-law, forcing Hu Hai to commit suicide in Wangyi Palace. Before he died, II said that he only wanted to be Wan Huhou, but Yan Le refused, so he committed suicide at the age of 24. Buried as civilians. The cemetery is located on the platform at the south edge of Qujiangchi Village, Qujiang Township, Yanta District, Xi City, and is named Hu Hai Tomb.
Hu Hai's succession was entirely planned by Zhao Gao for his own autocracy. Among the sons of Qin Shihuang, Hu Hai Theory is absolutely ineligible to ascend to the throne. His eldest brother Fu Su is the best. Qin Shihuang trained him as an heir, and Qin Shihuang still liked him very much. In order to increase his experience in governing the country, he was sent to the northern border to guard with Meng Tian.
Hu Hai is a famous dude among the sons of Qin Shihuang, and he doesn't look like a son of an emperor at all. On one occasion, Qin Shihuang hosted a banquet for his ministers so that his sons could also attend. Hu Hai obeyed, but he didn't want to drink with ministers in front of his father, so he ate early and went out. Ministers' shoes were neatly arranged outside the temple door, because according to the regulations of the Qin Dynasty at that time, ministers had to take off their shoes and put them outside the temple door when they entered the palace. The shoes of ministers attending the banquet were neatly arranged and became props for Hu Hai's nonsense. With the strength of wine, he kicked the shoes of ministers as he walked. People's words and deeds are consistent. Later, Hu Hai became the emperor who ruled the world. As a result, he kicked the country like he used to kick shoes, and finally even his own life was involved.
Hu Hai's constantly chauffeured image, coupled with Zhao Gao's instigation, made him go further and further down the evil path. Zhao Gao was originally a palace eunuch, but he also had some talents. For example, he is proficient in criminal law. He is not only tall and strong, but also good at writing, which won the favor of Qin Shihuang. He was promoted to an official in the imperial court, responsible for the etiquette ceremony of the emperor's chariots and horses. To please Hu Hai, Zhao Gao often taught Hu Hai calligraphy and how to solve crimes. Coupled with Zhao Gao's glib words, Hu Hai was firmly controlled and everything was under his control, which was the basis for Zhao Gao to encourage Hu Hai to usurp the throne.
When Qin Shihuang made his last tour, Hu Hai also accompanied him. At that time, he was still a regular driver in his twenties. After Qin Shihuang died of illness, he was bewitched by Zhao Gao. Together with Zhao Gao and Reese, he changed the testamentary edict that Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, succeeded to the throne. He ascended the throne that did not belong to him, and the result was a point of no return.
The role of Reese in Zhao Gao's plot can not be ignored. Zhao Gao knew that Reese's position could play an important role in establishing Hu Hai. So he threatened Reese.
Zhao Gao told Reese his plan, but Reese flatly refused.
Zhao Gao said unhurriedly, "Premier Li, you'd better think it over. Can your contribution be compared with that of Meng Tian in North Korea? Can your prestige and your strategy compare with that of Meng Tian? Besides, Fu Su doesn't trust you as much as Meng Tianshen. If Fu Su ascended the throne, the position of Prime Minister will definitely belong to Montaigne, so there will be no place for you. Losing the prime minister is a trivial matter, and beheading is not impossible. You'd better think clearly that your destiny is in your own hands. "
Reese weighed the pros and cons, and finally embarked on the same road of no return as Zhao Gao.
Hu Hai killed his brother Fu Su before he ascended the throne. Hu Hai forged letters with Zhao Gao and Reese and sent them to Fu Su and Meng Tian stationed on the northern border. The false letter rebuked Fu Su and Meng Tian for guarding the frontier for more than ten years. Instead of making meritorious military service, they repeatedly wrote letters criticizing the failure of state affairs. Yan Su was even more resentful, thinking that he could not return to Beijing to be a prince, so he gave him a sword to commit suicide. Instead of persuading Fu Su, Meng Tian was unfaithful to the emperor and committed suicide.
Fu Su listened to the imperial edict and wanted to commit suicide with tears in his eyes. After all, Meng Tian is more experienced than he is, and advised him to sue the emperor. If it is true, it is not too late to commit suicide, but Fu Su said, "My father let me die. What else can I resort to? " After that, I killed myself in tears. Meng Tian, on the other hand, argued and refused to commit suicide. When the messenger saw that he did not obey the imperial edict, he put him in the prison in Yangzhou (now Zichangbei, Shaanxi Province).
When he became emperor, he was more cruel and inhuman to many other brothers and sisters.
The cruelest thing about Hu Hai's massacre of brothers was the execution of twelve brothers in Xianyang (the business district of ancient cities). On another occasion, six brothers and ten sisters were crushed to death in Du You (now Xianyang East, Shaanxi Province), and the execution ground was terrible. Hu Hai's brother Lv Jiang and others were eventually forced to commit suicide. The three of them were more calm than the other brothers, and Hu Hai couldn't find any charges against them, so he was locked up in the palace. After many other brothers were killed, Zhao Gao sent people to force them to commit suicide. They said to the bearer, "We didn't do anything wrong with the etiquette of the imperial court. We didn't violate the etiquette stipulated by the court, we obeyed, and we didn't make any mistakes. Why do we commit suicide when we say that we are not loyal to our country? " The messenger replied, "I don't know why you were convicted and executed." I'm just following orders. " The three men wept at each other and finally drew their swords and committed suicide.
Among Hu Hai's brothers, the son had a better reputation when he died of high death. He watched his brothers and sisters being persecuted to death by Hu Hai one after another, knowing that he was doomed. But running away will bring trouble to my family, so I am determined to use my own death to ensure the safety of my family. He wrote to Hu Hai that he was willing to be buried in Mount Li for his father. Hu Hai was very happy and gave him another hundred thousand dollars.
In addition to his brothers and sisters, Hu Hai spared other disobedient civil and military ministers. Meng Tian's brother was persecuted first. At first, Hu Hai wanted to continue to use them, but Zhao Gao was afraid that they would pose a threat to himself. He told Hu Hai that Qin Shihuang wanted Hu Hai to be a prince, but Meng Tian's brother Meng Yi tried to stop him. Qin Shihuang dismissed the idea of making him a prince. Hu Hai, instead of releasing Meng Tian, imprisoned Meng Yi in a prison in Dai Jun (now northeast of Yuxian County, Hebei Province). Later, Hu Hai sent messengers to force Meng Zhi to commit suicide, and sent people to Yangzhou prison to force Meng Tian to commit suicide. Meng Tian began to refuse, arguing that he wanted to see Hu Hai and asked him to withdraw the imperial edict. When the messenger refused, Meng Tian could not see the hope of survival and had to commit suicide by taking poison.
Hu Hai, instigated by Zhao Gao, also killed other ministers. Right-wing Prime Minister Feng Qujia and General jie feng chose suicide to avoid humiliation. While killing the minister, Zhao Gao put his cronies in one by one. His younger brother, Zhao, became the order of Zhongche Mansion, and his son-in-law was the order of Xianyang County, the capital. They are all important positions, and other important positions in the DPRK are also spread all over Zhao Gao. Hu Hai only knew how to enjoy himself, but he was unprepared for these conspiracies of Zhao Gao, and finally died in the hands of Zhao.
Zhao Gao was not satisfied with killing many ministers in the DPRK, so he looked for opportunities to instruct Hu Hai to kill local officials. In the second year of Hu Hai's accession to the throne, that is, at the beginning of 209 BC, Hu Hai followed his father Qin Shihuang to travel around the world. South to Huiji (now Suzhou), north to Jieshi (now north of Changli, Hebei), and finally back to Xianyang from Liaodong (now Liaoyang, Liaoning). On the way to the parade, Zhao Gao insidiously said to Hu Hai, "Your Majesty should take the opportunity to establish his prestige when traveling around the world, so that you can have supreme prestige." Hu Hai repeatedly ordered the killing of dissidents indiscriminately, which made ministers feel uneasy. In fact, Zhao Gao regarded the young and inactive Hu Hai as a tool to expand his power.
For Reese, the original ally, Zhao Gao didn't let go, and Hu Hai got rid of this opponent. Zhao Gao's design made Hu Hai dissatisfied with Lisi, and then he found an opportunity to frame Lisi for three charges against Hu Hai: First, Lisi had participated in the establishment of Hu Hai's throne, but later he kept complaining that he had not been reused and wanted to share the land with Hu Hai as king. Second, Li You, the son of Reese, was the chief of Sanchuan, but Li You did not actively suppress the Chen Sheng Uprising when he passed the chief of Sanchuan, because he and Chen Sheng were fellow villagers in neighboring counties. I heard that Reese and Bobby Chen also sent messages. Thirdly, Reese, as the prime minister, has too much power, surpassing the emperor, but he is still not satisfied and seems to have infidelity.
Hu Hai listened to Zhao Gao and wanted to catch Reese, but there was no real evidence, so he sent someone to monitor Reese first. After hearing the news, Reese wrote to expose Zhao Gao's misdeeds. Hu Hai refused to believe, but showed the letter to Zhao Gao. Knowing that this was a life-and-death struggle with Reese, Zhao Gao further framed Reese on charges of Luo Zhi. Hu Hai arrested Reese and handed him over to Zhao Gao for trial. Zhao Gao naturally refused to miss this rare opportunity, tortured Reese and forced Reese to plead guilty. Reese couldn't stand the torture, so he had to extort a confession. Zhao Gao took Li Si's confession and reported it to Hu Hai. Finally, in 208 BC, the second year of Hu Hai's accession to the throne, Lisi was sentenced to death: first, blacken his face (that is, tattoo his face, which is an insult and punishment to the Qin Dynasty), then stun him (that is, cut off his nose, which is also the torture of the Qin Dynasty), cut off his left and right toes (that is, cut off his left and right feet) and cut off his waist (cut off). Reese's family was also killed. Zhao Gao later paid the price for his cruelty: two years later, he was killed by Zi Ying, the king of Qin.
After Hu Hai took the throne of the emperor, he wanted to enjoy his old age. Once he said to Zhao Gao, "A person's life is as fast as a galloping horse passing through a gap in a wall. When he becomes emperor, I will enjoy myself wholeheartedly. What do you think, Ai Qing? " This is exactly what Zhao Gao wants. From then on, he courted Hu Hai for pleasure and became more daring and authoritarian.
With the support of Zhao Gao, Hu Hai was not at ease and asked Reese how to enjoy herself for a long time. He said to Reese: "I heard from Han Fei that when Yao ruled the world, the house was made of thatch, the rice was made of soup made of wild vegetables, and he wore deerskin to keep out the cold in winter and linen in summer." Dayu was so tired that his thigh fell off and his calf fell off when he was managing water, and finally he died in a foreign land. If being an emperor is like this, is that their original intention? Poor life is probably advocated by poor scholars, not what sages like emperors want. Since you have the world, you should take things from the world to satisfy your desires. This is called being rich! I don't have any benefits, how can I manage the world? I just want to enjoy the world forever. What do you think, Ai Qing? "
Reese was afraid that Hu Hai would fall out of favor after listening to Zhao Gao's words, so he wrote an article "The Art and Responsibility of State Supervision", which offered Hu Hai an arbitrary and calm way to govern the country. That is to say, to consolidate centralization by means of supervision and punishment, and to suppress people's resistance and illegality. Reese's strategy represented his legal idea, and later the demise of the Qin Dynasty declared the historical bankruptcy of this legalist thought.
With Reese's idea, Hu Hai indulged his desires. He continued to recruit a large number of farmers from all over the country to build Epang Palace and Lishan Cemetery, and sent 50,000 foot soldiers to guard the capital Xianyang. At the same time, he asked all localities to supply grain and grass to Xianyang. It is forbidden for people who transport grain and grass to eat food within 300 miles around Xianyang on the road, and they must bring their own food. In addition to perennial unpaid labor, farmers' tax burden is increasing day by day, which eventually led to the outbreak of Guangwu Uprising in Chen Sheng. With the first one, other uprisings broke out one after another in various places, and the descendants of the six countries destroyed by Qin once again played the banner of the six countries against Qin. Countless people around claimed to be independent, and Zhou Wenling, one of Chen Sheng's subordinate generals, led hundreds of troops straight to Hangu Pass, and the end of Qin finally came.
But Hu Hai II didn't believe it at all. He just likes to hear the good news of world peace. In a discussion about whether to send troops to suppress the uprising, Hu Hai did not agree that there was a "rebellion", so it was certainly unnecessary to send troops. Uncle Sun Tong knows Hu Hai. He said, "What they said about the rebellion in the world is completely wrong. The first emperor had already torn down the city wall and cast the weapons of the world. With you in the imperial court and strict laws and regulations, the country is stable and the people are rich. Who will rebel? Now these people in Chen Sheng are just thieves, and local officials are actively pursuing them. Please rest assured. "
Hearing this, Hu Hai was filled with joy and praised Uncle Sun Tong for saying it well. Then he asked others, some said Chen Sheng was a "thief", others said he was a "rebel". Those who say "thief" are innocent, and those who say "rebellion" will be punished, because saying "rebellion" is equivalent to saying that the world is in chaos. The crime of punishment is the crime of "improper speech", that is, saying something that should not be said. This charge is a typical feudal autocratic criminal law. Although the Qin Dynasty later perished, many later dynasties continued to use this charge to safeguard the absolute monarchy.
Li Si, surnamed Li, Ming Si, has an ancient word. At the end of the Warring States Period, a native of Shangcai (now southwest of Shangcai, Henan Province) was born in Chu. In his early years, he was a small official in the county. Later, he came to Xunzi to learn the art of emperors and entered the Qin Dynasty. At first, he was regarded as Lang, and then he persuaded the King of Qin to destroy the princes and proclaimed himself emperor, and was appointed as a long history. The king of Qin adopted his strategy and sent advisers to lobby the six countries of Kanto with precious jade, alienating the princes and ministers of various countries and letting them live as guests. In the tenth year of the King of Qin (237 BC), he ordered the expulsion of six guest ministers. Li Si's "The Book of Expulsion" stopped it, which was adopted by Zhao Zheng, the king of Qin, and soon the official arrived at Tingwei. It played a great role in the cause of unifying the six countries in the Qin Dynasty. After Qin unified the world, he agreed with Wang Wan and Feng Jie to respect Qin as emperor, and formulated relevant etiquette systems. Be appointed as prime minister. He suggested tearing down the county wall, destroying folk weapons and strengthening the rule of the people; Oppose the enfeoffment system and adhere to the county system; He also advocated burning poems, books and hundreds of languages collected by the people, and forbidding private learning in order to strengthen autocratic and centralized rule. He also participated in the formulation of laws to unify the system of tracks, characters and weights and measures. After the death of Qin Shihuang, he conspired with Zhao Gao to forge a will, forcing Fu Su, the eldest son of the first emperor, to commit suicide, and made Hu Hai, the youngest son, the second emperor. Later, Zhao Gao was jealous. In the second year of Qin Ershi (the first 208 years), he was beheaded in Xianyang City, and the three clans were conquered.
Meng Tian (? -2 10 years ago), a famous soldier in Qin Shihuang's period, was known as "the first warrior in China". Han nationality, ancestral home in Shandong Qi. Legend has it that he improved the writing brush, was the earliest developer in the northwest of China, and was also the first person to develop Ningxia in ancient times. Meng Tian [1] was born in a family of celebrities. Grandfather Meng Ao was a famous soldier of Qin State. He used to work for Zhao Haoqi of Qin State and was an official of Qing State. In the second year of King Xiangzhuang (the first 248 years), he conquered Korea, attacked Zhao and took Wei Guocheng, which made great contributions to the State of Qin! His father Wu Meng was once a general of Qin Bi. Together with Wang Jian, he destroyed Chu, and he also repeatedly made meritorious military service. Teenagers in Meng Tian study prison law and serve as trial documents in prison proceedings.
In the twenty-sixth year of the first emperor (22 BC1), Meng Tian became a general and captured Qi. Because of his meritorious service in fighting Qi, he was worshipped as the highest official of Qin Dou, and his brother Meng Qian was also the supreme of Qing Dynasty. The Montessori brothers were deeply loved by Qin Shihuang, Meng Tian served as foreign minister, and Meng Yi often colluded, which was called "faithfulness" at that time. Other generals dare not compete with it.
After Qin unified the six countries, Meng Tian was ordered to lead 300,000 troops to attack the Huns in the north. Recover the land in Henan Province (in the area of Yikezhaomeng, south of Hetao, Inner Mongolia) and set up Yuzhong (north of Ejinhoro Banner, Inner Mongolia) to 34 counties in Yinshan. And crossed the Yellow River, occupied Yangshan, and emigrated to enrich the people and border counties. Later, the Great Wall of Wan Li was built, starting from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west and Liaodong (now Liaoning Province) in the east, connecting the original Yan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng. The Great Wall made use of the terrain and set up forts by virtue of natural disasters, which effectively curbed the Xiongnu's southward advance. Later, he was sent to open a straight road for Qin Shihuang, from Jiuyuan County (now southwest of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia) to Ganquan Palace, cutting mountains and filling deep valleys, with a total length of 1,800 miles. Unfortunately, it was not finished. Meng Tian fought in northern Xinjiang for more than 10 years, which made Xiongnu famous.