Modern urban planning thought
The city depends on water, so it is built on water, but it is afraid of floods, so it needs to be built on high ground.
In order to facilitate management, functional zoning has also been adopted (just like residential areas, commercial areas and factory areas today, it has its origin)
In order to symbolize strength and man can conquer nature, I like the regularity, symmetry, order, contrast and sculpture decoration of the chessboard.
For the development of trade and civilization, ancient Greece built cities along the Mediterranean coast. So there was a shortage of fresh water, so an underground water supply and drainage system was developed.
Roman cities are not only regular and geometric, but also have water supply and drainage systems, memorial buildings and sculptures, and laid the foundation for urban street planning and design.
The famous "Ten Books on Architecture" was summarized by the Roman Vitruvi.
Key points of urban planning in western China
? High position.
Have a good water source.
Architecture is an organic part of the city.
Natural factors, light, feng shui pollution, etc. Be considered in architecture.
Streets consider the relationship between wind direction and public buildings in the city center.
The octagonal layout is used for defense, central temple and road radiation.
Build a wall against the wind, and the street does not face the city gate.
China's City Book was an exam in the Warring States Period.
Craftsmen run this country, which is nine miles away and has three gates beside it.
Nine meridians, nine latitudes and nine tracks in junior high school.
Zuo zu you she, facing the market outlook.
For example, Beijing in China and Kyoto in Japan.
Modern European urban development
It began in Florence and Venice during the Italian Renaissance.
Paris, France has expanded roads and bridges, water supply systems, drainage systems, public squares, memorial buildings and Champs Elysé es.
Peter the Great of Russia imitated the West and built the first modern city St. Petersburg.
Karlsruhe, Germany, central radiation, garden, green space, ring road.
Problems of industrial cities
Many people and poor environment.
The new situation centered on transportation hub, factory area and workers' residential area forces urban planning to transform from traditional to modern.
Lack of planning, chaotic development
Industry stimulates the development of financial industry, and the financial structure appears.
Traffic congestion, traffic design and management are becoming more and more important.
Serious pollution, outstanding wastewater treatment,
Lack of new buildings to meet the functional needs of new cities
Planning of various cities
1666 London fire, transforming London, Christopher Lun, classical technique, one avenue connecting three squares, suburban Great Circle Square, radiating eight avenues. Gardens and green belts serve the economic function of the city.
In 18 1 1, john nash, neoclassicism and romanticism, a series of new commercial and public buildings, connecting Regent Street and Park Avenue as the main axis, setting a square at the intersection, arranging shops, banks and public buildings along the road, forming a new center, connecting finance, commerce and high-end residential areas.
In Paris, jacobin's plan to solve the living traffic for the poor, open a road from poor areas to the Champs Elysé es, add wells, street lamps, garbage centers, afforest and close cemeteries in the city has not been fully completed.
Secondly, Napoleon came to build five-story apartments for people, the central axis of the Arc de Triomphe-Place de la Concorde-Little Arc de Triomphe, the Arc de Triomphe Square centered on the monument, the obelisk in Place de la Concorde and the Vendome Monument in Place Vendome, which formed the visual focus of environmental art.
The third reform came from Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. For the benefit of the new bourgeoisie and the middle class, Ottoman, Baroque gardens and urban planning,
Functional demand of industrial population economy
Second, it symbolizes the achievements of capitalism.
Three outward spirals, 20 zones, separating the poor areas from the rich,
(4) Building new roads and connecting old roads in series can transport troops and prevent congestion.
Wuliang Avenue crosses, and the inner ring and outer ring form the current basic pattern.
6. Build water supply, drainage and sewage systems, as well as fountain gardens with new water sources.
Build bridges, integrate cities,
Eight public buildings, a library, an academy of fine arts and four Paris Opera houses designed by Gagne.
The basic structure of Paris. The most beautiful and strong.
-It seems that there are some public service systems that we are used to, which really need the unified planning and provision of the government, so that people can live a good life. ?