Short-term climate forecast: help you know the rain by listening to the wind Read the answer

Read the following article and complete questions 1-6.

Short-term climate prediction: help you "know the rain by listening to the wind"

① Short-term climate prediction is the weather forecast on TV broadcasts every day, right? If you think so, you are totally wrong. We listen to and watch the weather forecast, and "everything is under control" such as temperature, temperature, and wind within three to five days, which greatly facilitates daily life. But do you want to know whether the winter will be cold in the scorching summer? Do you want to predict whether there will be floods next summer in the cold winter? ——Then we have to rely on “short-term climate prediction”.

② China is a country prone to many natural disasters. The average annual direct economic losses caused by climate disasters such as droughts, floods, high temperatures, and cold damage are about 100 billion yuan, and the annual average number of deaths is more than 6,000. At the same time, China is a large agricultural country, and agriculture “depends on the weather”, so weather forecasting is particularly important. Therefore, in the past five years, a "Ninth Five-Year Plan" research project on climate prediction has attracted more than 400 scientific researchers from 105 units across the country to work on it. This project is the "Research on China's Short-term Climate Prediction System."

③ "Short-term climate prediction" is compared to "long-term climate prediction". The latter is a climate analysis for the next 50 or 100 years, which is extremely difficult. The "short term" is not as "short" as the weather forecast period. Its concept of time is not "day", but "month", "quarter", "half a year" and "one year". What it is responsible for is to help national decision-making departments understand and grasp climate changes in the next few months or a year, and reduce unnecessary losses of people and property.

④For example, predicting when the coming winter will be colder, the oil production department will use this to decide when the oil well needs to be sealed. If there is a slight delay, the ice will cut the oil pipe like a knife; when the weather is cold enough To what extent, it can be predicted whether certain bays will freeze, and whether transportation vehicles such as icebreakers need to be dispatched early; and the agricultural department can also select in advance the types of crops to be planted next year based on the predicted climate. In fact, next year's air-conditioning production, as well as fans and beverage production, related industries will always look at the "face" of "short-term climate forecasts". In agriculture, water conservancy, communication, industry, etc., the role of short-term climate pre-cutting is everywhere. It is no exaggeration to say that it is closely related to people's lives.

⑤ India has been doing short-term climate prediction for more than a hundred years, and Japan and Russia have been doing it for seventy or eighty years. In comparison, China's "experience" in this area is not short. In 1958, our country released the "long-term climate forecast" for the first time, which was the predecessor of "short-term climate forecast". Over the past 40 years, we have accumulated a lot of experience. Until the 1990s, our country was always in a state of scattered research in various places and never " "Businessization", in other words, a complete forecasting system has not yet been established.

⑥Every bit of progress in scientific research will not come from one or two people overnight. The prediction system includes a complete collection of various climate data from countries around the world, and subsequently establishes a complex model system including forecasting the atmosphere, ocean and atmosphere coupled models, regional refinement of China and adjacent regions, and El Niño system forecasts... All this means A long and arduous process. After five years of hard work, the "Research on China's Short-term Climate Prediction System" was finally completed.

⑦ As a top science and technology project of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan”, China’s short-term climate prediction system accurately predicted floods in the Yangtze River and Songhua River and the flood season in 2000 in the “1988 Flood Fighting Year”. Currently, the system is used at the National Climate Center for climate prediction operations on annual, monthly, seasonal, annual and inter-annual time scales.

⑧Compared with weather forecasts, short-term climate forecasts face more uncertain factors. How can we judge whether the next season will be hot or cold, drought or flood? Even if you master the signs and make careful calculations, you may still have to face some unpredictable variables.

⑨The reason why the 1988 flood was accurately predicted was that we caught some important signs in time: In the winter of 1997, there was frequent heavy snowfall on the Tibetan Plateau, and at the same time, the "El Niño phenomenon" frequently visited our country. Scientists conducted complex calculations through numerous models in the system and determined that there would be a flood the following year. This system focuses on flood season forecasting, and reports the summer flood forecast results to relevant decision-making departments in April every year. There are still different opinions on whether the drought will continue this summer and whether there will be much rain.

⑩The weather is unpredictable, and short-term climate predictions are by no means omnipotent. Only by constantly correcting errors can meteorological science progress. (Selected from "China Youth Daily" on May 31, 2001)

1. This article focuses on "short-term climate prediction". What does it mainly explain?

Answer:_______________________________________________________________

2. This article begins with a hypothetical question.

How should we say this without asking questions? What are the benefits of the author using hypothetical questions?

Answer: Rewrite the sentence: __________________________________________________

Benefits: __________________________________________________

3. Based on the content of the third paragraph, use a "is" sentence to define short-term climate prediction.

Answer:_______________________________________________________________

4. Fill in the blanks in the fifth paragraph with appropriate related words.

In order: ________, _________

5. Write two synonyms and an antonym for "unpredictable" in paragraph 10. If you can write more and correctly, 1 point will be added for each additional one, up to 2 points.

6． The article said: "There are still different opinions on whether drought will continue this summer and whether there will be a lot of rain." "Short-term climate predictions are by no means omnipotent. Only by constantly correcting errors can meteorological science continue to make progress." Through these If so, what kind of understanding do you have of meteorological research itself or expository writing? (4 points)

Answer: _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

1 Explain the concept, characteristics, causes, prospects, etc. of short-term climate prediction, focusing on the introduction The development and achievements of short-term climate prediction in China. 2 Short-term climate forecasts are not just the weather forecasts on TV broadcasts every day. Arouse readers' attention and thinking, attract readers' interest in reading, and naturally lead to the object of this article. 3 Short-term climate prediction is a short-term climate prediction that predicts the climate in the next few months or a year in order to reduce unnecessary losses of people and property.

4 Changing, unfathomable, unchanging 5 Things are perfected through exploration, and it is necessary to constantly summarize experiences and lessons. The content of the explanatory text must be accurate and true, and the language must be accurate and thoughtful