Wang Zhong’s Classical Chinese
1. Translation of Qin Hui’s exclusive power in classical Chinese
Qin Hui’s exclusive power
Qin Hui was the prime minister and was good at power and blessing for a long time. The scholar-bureaucrats agreed with each other, determined to show their beauty, and even selected ranks (1) to be in power for one or two years (2). People hoped for rapid change, so most of those who served in the court were unwilling to move abroad. The disadvantages of emphasizing the internal and neglecting the external are quite common at this time. At that time, there was Wang Zhongxun who traveled among the officials and ministers with humor. One day, when I was sitting at the guest house of Qin Mansion, the courtiers gathered and waited for a while. Zhongxun was sitting in the corner of the banquet. He stepped forward and said, "Today, the prime minister has not left the hall, and all the officials have been waiting for a long time. Someone has a little word to say, hoping to wake up from sleepiness. How about it?" Everyone knew that he was good at joking, and they eagerly listened to it. Nai resisted and said: "In the past, there was a scholar who went out to pay a visit but did not return. A guest stabbed him at the door, and the guest told him that a certain official was not there. The guest became angry and scolded him: 'How dare you! Fan Yun The dead person is said to be absent. I am friendly to a certain official, so I came to see you. How dare you curse me like this! I will punish you with a pale face when you come. He said: "I sincerely don't know the taboos, and I hope the officials will be lenient. However, if you think this is not possible, what should you say to thank the guest?" Returning, it was said that it was okay for an official to go out. "The official frowned and said, "I would rather die, but I don't want to go out." Everyone in the audience laughed. Yue Ke of the Song Dynasty, "The Scholars of the Seven Dynasties Remaining in the History of the Emperor's History"
Reference translation: When Qin Hui was the prime minister in the Song Dynasty, he exercised exclusive power and made fortunes for a long time. If someone among the scholar-bureaucrats said something that suited his opinion, he would immediately gain prominent power. Even some low-level officials could be promoted to high-ranking officials such as deputy prime ministers in just one or two years. People all have the desire to rise to the top and be promoted quickly, so those who are officials in the capital are not willing to work in other places. This situation was very common at that time. At that time, there was an official named Wang Zhongxun who interacted with the scholar-bureaucrats in a funny way. One day, many guests gathered in the Qin Mansion, and everyone sat in hierarchical order. But after waiting for a long time, Qin Hui did not come out to meet them. Wang Zhongxun was sitting in a remote seat, so he stepped forward and said: "Today the prime minister has not left the court yet, and the officials have been waiting for a long time. I have a little joke to help everyone refresh themselves and avoid being sleepy. How about it?" "Everyone knew that he was good at making jokes, so they stretched their necks to listen to him. So he said loudly: "Once upon a time, there was an official who went out to visit a guest and had not returned. At this time, a guest came. He handed over his business card and asked to see him. The gatekeeper told him that the master was not there. The guest became furious and scolded the gatekeeper. Said: "Why are you so bold? You can only say that someone is dead. I have a close relationship with your master, so I came to see you. How dare you use this statement?" "I'm not here" to curse him, I must wait for him to come back, tell him face to face, and let him punish you." The gatekeeper hurriedly apologized and said: "I really don't know this taboo, sir. I hope you can forgive me. It's just today. This is what I tell the officials who come to visit my master in the morning. If you think it is inappropriate, what should you say to thank them? 'The guest said: 'Since your master has gone out and has not returned, you only need to say that he is out. That's all." The gatekeeper frowned and said, "But my master would rather die because he taboos the word 'going out'." Everyone in the house laughed. 2. Translation of Wang Jing's Biography
Wang Jing's ancestors originally lived in Langye County. The eighth generation ancestor Wang Zhong was good at Taoism and was famous for his good observation of celestial phenomena. When Empress Lu was in power, Liu Xiang and Liu Xingju, the grandsons of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, rebelled against each other. They asked Wang Zhong for advice on raising an army, and Liu Xingju also asked Wang Zhong to lead the army. Wang Zhong did not want to be implicated in this matter, so he crossed the sea with his family to Lelang to take refuge. Wang Jing's father, Wang Hong, was the third elder in the county. During the Gengshi Rebellion, local Wang Tiao killed Liu Xian, the prefect of Lelang, and proclaimed himself the general and prefect of Lelang. In the sixth year of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu sent Wang Zun to attack Wang Tiao. Wang Hong, Cao Shi, Yang Yi and others had meritorious service in killing Wang Tiao and welcoming Wang Zun, and were granted the title of marquis. Only Wang Hong refused to accept his resignation, and Emperor Guangwu "conquered him with surprise". But Wang Hong died of illness midway.
Influenced by his family, Wang Jing began to study the "Book of Changes" when he was a boy, and read a lot of books. He especially liked the study of astronomy and mathematics. He is scheming and versatile. Around the late period of Emperor Guangwu or the early period of Emperor Ming, he served as an official of Sikong. In the early years of Yongping, someone recommended Wang Jing to be good at water control, so Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty ordered Wang Jing and Wang Wu to dredge the Yi Canal together and succeeded. In the twelfth year of Yongping, Wang Jing was ordered to preside over the overhaul of the Bian Canal and the Yellow River embankment, the lifeline of water transportation, and the results were outstanding. In the fifteenth year of Yongping, Emperor Ming paid homage to Wang Jing as the embankment visitor. In the seventh year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was appointed as the governor of Xuzhou. The following year, he moved to Lujiang to be the governor and died in office.
The existing records of Wang Jing’s flood control work are quite brief. When he cooperated with Wang Wu in dredging the Yi Canal, Wang Wu adopted the "flow method" suggested by Wang Jing, and the water will no longer cause harm. The "flow method" may be a rolling weir set up next to the canal, which can control the water level in the canal and thereby protect the safety of the canal embankment. The Bian Canal overhaul project started in the twelfth year of Yongping can be traced back to the reign of Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the Yellow River and Bian Canal burst at the same time, and repairs were delayed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty planned to repair the embankment ten years after his establishment. Shortly after the construction started, it was stopped due to the lack of people's resources. The Houbian Canal overflowed eastward, and the old water gates were all located in the river. People in Yanzhou and Henan prefectures complained. In the twelfth year of Yongping, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty summoned Wang Jing and asked about the strategy of flood control. Wang Jing comprehensively analyzed the situation in Hebian and responded incisively, which was greatly appreciated by Emperor Ming. In addition, Wang Jing had cooperated with Wang Wu to successfully carry out the Yi Canal project, so he gave Wang Jing "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", "The Book of River Canals", "Yu Gong Tu" and other river control monographs, and sent hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the summer of that year. People, with Wang Wu as Wang Jing's assistant, implemented the Bian control project. Wang Jing personally surveyed the terrain and planned the dike line. First, we built the embankment of the Yellow River, which was more than a thousand miles long from Xingyang (now north of Zhengzhou) to Qiancheng Haikou, and then started to repair the Bian Canal. The Bian Canal diverts water from the Yellow River to navigation and connects the two major river basins of the Yellow River and Huaihe River. It is an important water transportation channel that began during the Warring States Period. It leads the Yellow River from the northwest of Zhengzhou, passes through Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Yucheng, Dangshan, Xiaoxian, ends at Xuzhou, enters Sishui, and then enters the Huaihe River. Since the flow of the Yellow River changes frequently, how to maintain stable water intake is a big problem. Bianqu is located in the plain area south of the Yellow River. It is often washed away when the Yellow River flows southward. During the flood season of the Yellow River, the water diversion inlet is not well controlled, too much water enters the canal, and the Bian Canal embankment is also in danger of bursting. After Wang Jing carried out work such as cutting and straightening the bends of the Bian Canal, dredging the shoals, and strengthening dangerous sections, he "erected a water gate every ten miles to prevent the water from leaking again." All projects were completed the following summer. Although Wang Jing paid attention to saving money, the cost still amounted to more than 10 billion. After the completion, Emperor Ming personally inspected the canal and restored the establishment of river defense officials in accordance with the Western Han Dynasty system. Wang Wu and other accompanying officials were all promoted to one level for their merits in building canals, and Wang Jing was promoted to three levels in a row to serve as censor.
In the fifteenth year of Yongping, Wang Jing accompanied Emperor Ming on his eastward tour to Wuyan. Emperor Ming saw Wang Jing's achievements in water control along the way and was deeply impressed. He also worshiped Wang Jing as the embankment visitor.
In the seventh year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Jing moved to Xuzhou as governor, and the following year he moved to Luzhou as prefect. At that time, people in the Lujiang area had not yet adopted the cattle farming technology. Although there was no shortage of land, due to limited manpower, food was often scarce. Within the territory is Shaopi, which was founded by Sun Shuao in the Spring and Autumn Period. It has a radius of more than 100 miles, but it is mostly in ruins. Wang Jing organized the people to restore it, formulated corresponding management systems, and erected monuments to prohibit it. Oxen farming was also promoted, and large areas of land were cultivated. Wang Jing also taught sericulture techniques to the local people, and the territory became increasingly prosperous.
Wang Jing's river control project achieved great success. Not long after the project was completed, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty issued an edict saying: "Now we have built embankments, managed canals, cut off water, and erected gates. The rivers have been diverted and their old traces have been restored. To the north of Tao Qiu, there are gradually soil graves." Pointing out Wang Jing's The work restored the original pattern of the Yellow River and Bian Canal, preventing the Yellow River from flooding everywhere and allowing people in the flooded area to rebuild their homes.
Later generations have not completely consistent opinions on the specific circumstances of Wang Jing's river management. In particular, there are many explanations for "a water gate is set up ten miles away, so that people can pay more attention to each other". Wei Yuan of the Qing Dynasty believed that water gates were built every 10 miles along the Yellow River embankment. During the Republic of China, Li Yizhi believed that a water gate was built every 10 miles along the Bian Canal. Wu Tongju believed that there were two water gates that diverted the Yellow River from the Bian Canal, 10 miles apart. Research in recent years has concluded that building a water gate every 10 miles along the embankments of the Yellow River and Bian Canal is very unlikely and unnecessary in terms of project volume. The most likely scenario is to build two or more water diversion gates at the diversion point of the Bian Canal to the Yellow River, with each gate about 10 miles apart to adapt to the up and down changes in the main stream of the Yellow River.
Wang Jing’s historical contribution to regulating the river has been highly praised for a long time. It is said that Wang Jing’s governance of the river will ensure peace of mind for thousands of years. Judging from historical records, the Yellow River after Wang Jing built the embankment has not undergone major changes in its course for more than 800 years, and there have been only a few overflows. It is indeed a river with an ideal location.
In addition to being in politics, Wang Jing was very interested in the study of divination, Feng Shui, and numerology, and he also wrote special books. 3. Translation of "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Xunli·Biography of Wang Jing"
Translation ◆Biography of Wang Jing, Wang Jing, courtesy name Zhongtong, a native of Yuhan, Lelang.
His eighth generation ancestor, Wang Zhong, was originally from Langxie. Wang Zhong likes Taoism and understands celestial phenomena.
When Zhu Lu was in rebellion, Liu Xiang, the king of Qi Ai, planned to send troops and asked Wang Zhong for advice many times. When Liu Xingju, the king of Jibei, rebelled, he wanted him to serve as military advisor.
Wang Zhong was afraid of disaster, so he took a boat across the sea and fled to Lelang Mountain, where he settled down. Wang Jing's father, Wang Hong, served as the third elder of the county.
After the reform failed, the local Wang Tiao killed the county governor Liu Xian and called himself the general and the governor of Lelang. In the sixth year of Jianwu, Guangwu sent the prefect Wang Zun to lead an army to attack Wang Tiao.
When Wang Zun arrived in Liaodong, Wang Hong, together with Yang Yi, the governor of the county, and others killed Wang Tiao and welcomed Wang Zun. The emperor made them all princes, but Wang Hong refused to give up his official title.
The emperor was surprised and summoned him to Beijing. Unexpectedly, he died of illness on the way. Wang Jing studied "The Book of Changes" since he was a child, and then read various books extensively. He also liked things such as astronomy and mathematics, so he had a deep personality and was good at many skills.
Sikong Fugong called him to serve in the government. At that time, someone recommended Wang Jing to be able to control floods, and Emperor Xianzong issued a letter from Shao asking him to build the Dredging Yi Canal together with Wang Wu, who was going to be the emissary.
Wang Wu adopted the low dam method proposed by Wang Jing to block water, so there was no more water damage. At first, during the reign of Emperor Ping, the Yellow River and Bianshui River burst and destroyed the river banks, leaving no time to control them.
In the 10th year of Jianwu's reign, Yangwu ordered Zhang Si to write a letter saying: "The Yellow River has been bursting for a long time, causing harm every day, and the Jiqu canal has flooded dozens of counties. Spending some money to control the water will not lead to success. Difficulty.
It is best to rebuild the river embankment to stabilize the people." After the memorial was sent, Guangwu immediately sent soldiers.
While planning to control the Yellow River, Dredging Yi ordered Lejun to write again: "In the past, during the reign of Emperor Wu, there was a large population, and they all cultivated and planted along the river embankment. However, there were more than 20 people who breached the Huzi River. It will not be blocked immediately. Now the population is sparse and the fields are vast. Although there is no management, the disasters can be tolerated.
Moreover, after the war, labor and resentment will increase. The people can't bear it. It's better to wait until the situation is stable before discussing the incident."
Guangwu canceled the flood control matter after seeing this opinion. Later, the flow of the Bian Canal became larger and larger, and the original location of the sluice reached the middle of the Yellow River.
People in Yanzhou and Yuzhou complained that the imperial court often mobilized other laborers without considering the most urgent matters of the people first. In the twelfth year of Yongping, the emperor discussed the management of Bianqu and summoned Wang Jing to inquire about the geographical situation and convenient conditions for water control.
Wang Jing stated the advantages and disadvantages of water control, and he was quick and agile, which the emperor appreciated very much. And because he had managed Junyi, he was given the "Book of Mountains and Seas", "Book of Rivers and Canals", "Pictures of Tribute to Yu" as well as coins, cloth, clothing and items.
In the summer, the imperial court finally mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops and sent Wang Jing and Wang Wu to build channels and embankments. It was more than a thousand miles from Rongyang to Qiancheng Haikou. Wang Jing then measured the terrain, opened up the mountains, cleared the sand and gravel from the water, directly cut off the deep ditches, built dams at key points, and dredged and guided the blocked water flow. He built a sluice every ten miles so that the water could flow back and forth without stopping. There will be another collapse.
Although Wang Jing saved project costs, the cost was still calculated in tens of billions. The next summer, the canal was built.
The emperor personally inspected and issued an edict to rely on the Yellow River counties to establish officials responsible for the river embankments, just like the system of the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Jing became famous from this.
Wang Wu and those who were engaged in military affairs all had their first-level official salaries increased. Wang Jingjing was promoted three times and served as Shi Yushi.
In the fifteenth year, he followed the emperor to inspect Shubu. When he arrived in Wuyan, the emperor praised his achievements, awarded him the position of embankment visitor, and gave him carriages, horses, fine silk and coins. In the seventh year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Jing was transferred to the post of governor of Xuzhou.
Before this, Du Du, a native of Duling, presented "On the Capital Fu" to the emperor, hoping to move the capital to Chang'an. After the elderly people heard about it, they all started thinking about missing their hometown, and they all looked westward for a long time affectionately.
Wang Jing thought that the palace and ancestral temple had been built, and was worried about people's doubts. At that time, divine birds and other auspicious signs appeared, so he wrote the article "On the Golden Man" to praise the beauty of Luoyi and the corresponding auspiciousness between heaven and man. There are redeeming qualities. In the second year, Wang Jing was transferred to the post of governor of Lujiang.
Before this, the people in Lujiang did not know how to use cattle to plow the land, which resulted in the phenomenon that the land was fertile but the food was often insufficient. On the border of the county is the Shaopi rice field built by Chu State Prime Minister Sun Shuao.
Wang Jing then led the officials and people to reclaim the barren land and teach the people to cultivate the land with plows. The cultivated fields in this way more than doubled the original land, and the county had abundant food. So the commandments were carved on stones so that the people would know the general prohibitions.
In addition, he guided the people to raise silkworms and weave cloth, formulated laws and regulations for them, and engraved all the laws and regulations on the country pavilions. The provisions he formulated are also circulated in Lujiang.
Wang Jing died in office. At first, Wang Jing thought that everything recorded in the "Six Classics" all had b's, and everything he did was done in a hurry. However, the good and bad fortunes mentioned in the books were inconsistent, so he sorted out the books on mathematics from various schools, and built tombs and houses. The applicable parts such as taboos, yin and yang, feng shui, and astrology were compiled into "Dayan Xuanji". 4. Translation of the classical Chinese biography of Mr. Fuli
Mr. Fuli, people saw him farming in Fuli, so they called him this. Mr. Fuli has an indulgent personality and likes to read books by ancient saints, among which "Spring and Autumn" is his favorite. ", and picked out the minor flaws in it. I saw a book written by Wang Zhongyan, a scholar in the text, which said, "After the "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn" was written, "Spring and Autumn" lost its meaning." He agreed with this view. Han Jinggong He once wrote the "General Regulations of the Spring and Autumn Period" and carved it on stone. He actually regarded this kind of research as his life's mission. Moreover, the contents of the book were confusing and confusing, and no one was coherent. After about a hundred years, no one dared to point out the reason. There were shortcomings and mistakes. Mr. Fuli was worried about misleading young people, so he wrote a book to find out the flaws and correct them. Mr. Fuli usually entertained himself by reading and writing articles, and never gave up. Every time he wrote a book, some of it was picked up by people who liked it. He went there, later found it in someone else's house, and no longer said it was his own work. He studied poetry when he was a boy. The poems he wrote initially pursued the strange, dangerous, and weird, just like breaking an array to fight the enemy, but later they reached a peaceful and elegant level. Every time he got a book, he would put it back to the place where it was stored after he had thoroughly read it. As long as he found an error in a book, he would immediately revise it, no matter how many times it was written. The red and yellow pens would not be used for a day. He left his hands and borrowed other people's books. If the binding was damaged, he would rebind it. If there were errors in writing, he would correct it. He was very happy to hear other people doing knowledge, commenting and talking without feeling tired. Although the gentleman was poor, he I never talk about making profits. The husband’s residence has several acres of ponds, thirty houses, and four hundred acres of fields. There are not only ten cows, but also five or six farmers. But his fields are located in low-lying areas. As long as there is a heavy rain for a day and night, it will be connected to the river, and it will be impossible to distinguish whether it is his own field or someone else's field. As a result, the husband suffered from hunger and had no savings in the granary. He had to personally bring farm tools and lead the farmers to build embankments and dams. From then on, even though the floods were rampant every year, they could not escape his guard and submerge his crops. Some people ridiculed the teacher, saying: "In order to control the floods, Yao became thin and thin, Shun's face turned black, and Dayu's hands and feet became calloused. Are they all saints? I'm just a common man. If I don't work hard, how can I support my wife and children? Besides, what's the difference between this and the fleas on the famous utensils and the rats in the granary? "Mr. He likes to associate with vulgar people, and you won't see such people even if you come to the door. The husband does not prepare carriages and horses, and does not participate in celebrations and funerals. He never participates in weddings and funerals for relatives and friends inside and outside the family on time during the New Year and festivals. Come and go. Sometimes when he is neither cold nor hot, he is in good health and has nothing to do, he will take a small boat, prepare tents and tables, and only bring a book, a tea set, a pen and ink, a set of fishing gear and a rocking boat. He was just a boy. If he didn't like the slightest thing wherever he went, he would come straight back without stopping. Even water birds taking off and mountain deer could not run as fast. People called him Jianghu Sanren, so he wrote an article "Jianghu Sanren" From then on, he was no longer affected by either praise or slander, and he no longer took it to heart if he was criticized or praised. Mr. has an upright and impatient personality, and he will get angry immediately when encountering things, and he can never tolerate it. Soon I regretted it, and repeated corrections could not get rid of this habit. If the gentleman does not spread his name, and no one in the society knows him, isn't he a fisherman or boatman like Fu Weng? .
5. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions
1. C false: with the help of 2. A ① Yu, preposition, and. ② Use, preposition, to express the reason. ③ So, and "for" Composition of passive. 3. B First clear the meaning of the text: "In the first year of the Ordinary Year, (Wang Jun) left his job because he had to mourn his mother's death. Wang Jun was very filial, and his mourning went beyond ordinary rituals. He lost weight due to excessive grief. After the mourning period, he became ill. "It's been a long time." There is a pause after the adverbial "In the First Year of Ordinary Years". The meaning of the sentence "resigning with mother's worries" is independent and complete, so I chose B.4 and C. The text does not mention "pointing out its shortcomings". 5. (1) ① "Prince and Duke "My grandson", a judgment sentence; "xi", all; "xianghe", given to you. ②Exalted, considered to be superior to others; "jianzhong" means "to be valued by the world", combined with To illustrate with specific examples, that is, find the corresponding sentences from the original text, and then translate them. "Every time I see Junwen, I chant it, thinking that it is not caught." Qiu Xiu, patting Hongya's shoulder with his right hand. This is how important he is." "Yun also met with Yin Yun Fang Ya." Answer: 1, C2, A3, B4, C5, (1) ① You are the grandson of the prince, my family All the books I have written are given to you. ② (Wang Jun) has a generous and loyal temperament, and does not think he is superior to others because of his technical talents. Together with Liu Xiaochuo, he is highly respected by the world. (2) ① Every time Shen Yue sees Wang Jun's articles, he praises and sings them , and thought that he was not as good as himself. ② Prince Zhaoming often visited and hosted banquets in Xuanpu with Wang Jun, Liu Xiaochuo and others. The prince only pulled Wang Jun's sleeve, touched Liu Xiaochuo's shoulder and said: "This is called Zuobao Fuqiu sleeves, right pat on Hongya shoulder." ③Wang Jun and Yin Yun were treated politely because of their upright and elegant poems.