Private space flight into Ganymede found water vapor. Humans use gravitational lenses to observe distant galaxies.
On July 2, NASA released a photo of the azalea NGC 330 open cluster taken by Hubble telescope. Red, white and blue are the stars in the cluster. NGC 330 is an open cluster, about 654.38+0.8 million light-years away from the Earth. It is speculated that it contains hundreds to thousands of stars. Because the formation time of stars in open clusters is close, it is more suitable to observe and analyze the evolution differences of different kinds of stars.
On July 4th, Chinese astronaut Liu Boming went into space from the core module of Tianhe to prepare for the spacewalk mission. Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo opened the hatch of the space station for the first time to enter outer space, lifted panorama camera, and installed a foot brake and an extravehicular workbench for the robotic arm. The two astronauts wore the "Tian Fei" extravehicular spacesuit independently developed by our country, with built-in life support, drinking water and food supply system, and could carry out extravehicular activities for 8 hours continuously.
On July 5th, the "Long March IV C" carrier rocket was launched with "Fengyun No.3 05 Star" at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China. At 7: 28 am on the 5th, the "Long March IV C" carrier rocket was ignited and launched, successfully sending "Fengyun III 05 Star" into the scheduled orbit. This satellite, independently developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, is the first civil meteorological satellite in the world to orbit in the morning and evening, which is specially used for weather observation in the morning and evening. China has become the only country in the world with the ability of three-orbit meteorological satellites to observe in the morning and evening, and global meteorological observation data can be obtained every four hours, thus extending the time limit of weather forecast by 12 hours.
On July 6th, China's "Long March III C" carrier rocket was launched by xichang satellite launch center with the data relay satellite "Tianlian No.1 05". At 23: 53 pm on the 6th, the satellite was successfully put into the scheduled orbit 25 minutes after the launch of the Chang San C rocket, which indicated that China's first-generation relay satellite system was fully networked and became the second country in the world to achieve global coverage. Relay satellite system is an important hub of space information transmission, which can provide space-based measurement and control and data relay services for manned space flight, space station, medium and low orbit spacecraft and launch vehicle.
On July 7, Nora al-Matrooshi, the first female astronaut in the UAE, was interviewed by the media in Dubai. Nora, 28, is one of two astronauts selected by the United Arab Emirates Space Agency from more than 4,000 candidates. She holds a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and was an engineer in the National Petroleum Construction Company. Nora is currently studying flight and Russian courses in Dubai, and is expected to go to NASA for training in June+February, 5438. The UAE government started the astronaut project in 20 17, and in 20 19, the first astronaut was sent to the International Space Station by Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
On July 8, NASA engineers were vertically assembling the "temporary cryogenic propulsion stage" of the "Space Launch System" (SLS) heavy rocket, the Kennedy Space Center. On July 5, NASA completed the assembly of the temporary cryogenic propulsion stage and adapter. The propulsion stage uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen fuel, and its main function is to provide power for Orion spacecraft to go back and forth to the moon. The national aeronautics and space administration of the United States plans to carry out the first unmanned launch test of the "Al themis" moon landing program on 202 11.
On July 9th, Hubble took some photos of perseus cluster, with a dim lens galaxy on the left and a bright spiral galaxy on the right. Perseus cluster is one of the brightest galaxy clusters in the universe, with a diameter of over 1 1 10,000 light years, which is equivalent to 1 1,000 times that of the Milky Way. This cluster of galaxies is about 350 million light-years away from the Earth and is made up of thousands of galaxies.
On July 8, the space exploration technology company "Dragon" cargo spacecraft left the International Space Station, ready to return to Earth. On the evening of July 9th 1 1 30, after a 37-hour flight, the "Dragon" cargo spacecraft successfully spilled and recovered in the Gulf of Mexico, and brought back about 2.3 tons of cargo, including freeze-dried materials, muscle drugs, oral bacteria and other experimental samples in space environment. The next cargo ship "Dragon" is expected to leave for the International Space Station on August 18, 20265438.
On July 1 1, Virgin Galactic Spaceship 2 made its first full-flight test and successfully rushed out of the earth's atmosphere to reach the space boundary. Sir richard branson, the founder of Virgin Galactic, who was 7 1 year old, took part in the test flight and became the first founder of a rocket company to reach space in person. The flight time is about 1.5 hours. Spacecraft 2 was first carried by the mother ship to an altitude of about 1.3 million meters, and then climbed to an altitude of about 88,000 meters independently by the mother ship. Virgin Galactic plans to launch a private space travel service in 2022, with a fare of $250,000 per person. At present, about 600 people have paid the deposit.
On July 15, China National Space Administration released a photo taken by the "Zhu Rong" rover during its southbound patrol, in which the parachute and protective cover fell off when landing in the distance. This photo was taken on July 12, about 350 meters away from the initial landing site. By 15, Zhu Rong had been working on the surface of Mars for 60 Mars days, traveling 450 meters, and Tianwen-1 orbiter had been in orbit for 357 days. Orbiter and rover are in good working condition.
On July 16, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) released a photo of NGC 4303 galaxy. This is one of the largest galaxies in the Virgo cluster, with a diameter equivalent to that of the Milky Way and a distance of about 55 million light years from the Earth. The golden point in the photo is a new star in the process of birth, and the surrounding hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are affected by radiation and glow. NGC 4303 is forming new stars at the speed of explosion, so it is classified as a starburst galaxy.
On July 17, the Russian Proton M launch vehicle was assembled and ready to be transported from the hangar to the launch pad and Baikonur Space Launch Center. The rocket is scheduled to be launched on July 2 1 to transport the Russian "Science" experimental module and the new mechanical arm of ESA to the International Space Station. "Science" experimental module is a new multi-purpose space capsule developed by Russia, equipped with storage room, water and oxygen circulation equipment and more space for astronauts. It is expected to replace the "Dock" docking module that has been in service for nearly 20 years.
On July 18, the Boeing CST- 100 Starliner manned spacecraft was installed on the top of the launch vehicle "Qingtianshen V" at Kennedy Space Center. The second unmanned orbit test flight of Boeing manned spacecraft is scheduled for July 30th. This mission will carry a simulated astronaut weighing 82kg to the International Space Station to test the complete process of automatic docking with the space station and returning to Earth. If the test flight is successful, Boeing will carry out its first manned mission at the end of 20021at the earliest.
On July 19, China's "Long March II C" carrier rocket was launched with four satellites in xichang satellite launch center. The "Long March II" C rocket successfully put three satellites of 10 group and "Remote Sensing 30" 1 commercial micro-nano satellite into the predetermined orbit. This mission marks the completion of the networking of 30 satellites in the "Remote Sensing 30" series. The new satellite will be mainly used for electromagnetic environment detection and related technical experiments. This is the third launch of Chang 'e III rocket in 20021year. For the first time, the high-altitude parachute opening scheme is adopted, which further verifies the control accuracy of the fairing landing zone and provides an important reference for the research and development of rocket recovery technology.
On July 20, the Hubble telescope restarted the first batch of observation images after a 34-day pause. On June 13, the Hubble telescope began to have computer system failures. After a month-long investigation, it was determined that the fault occurred in the power control unit. NASA decided to completely switch the Hubble telescope to backup hardware, and finally successfully restarted and resumed operation on July 17. Hubble telescope was launched on1April 24, 990, which is the space telescope with the widest observation field. It has been running for 3 1 year, and has completed more than10.5 million space observations.
On July 20th, the booster of the "New Shepard" rocket of American Blue Origin Company was launched and returned to the land of Texas. The rocket system of the "New Shepard" completed its first manned launch mission on the 20th. The capsule sent four passengers to the space area at an altitude of 107km and experienced a weightless environment for about 4 minutes. Passengers on this manned mission include Jeff Bezos, founder of Blue Origin Company, his younger brother, 82-year-old former pilot Wally Fink, and Oliver Damon, a high school student aged 18 and son of a wealthy Dutch businessman.
On July 2 1, the Russian Proton -M rocket was launched from Baikonur Space Launch Site with the Nauka experimental module. Russia's "Science" 2 1 experimental module was successfully put into low-earth orbit, and it is expected to dock with the space station eight days later. The new experimental chamber weighs 20.35 tons, is13m long and 2.8m in diameter, and has a confined space of 70. 1 m3. This is by far the largest module of the space station. The "Science" experimental module is equipped with a mechanical arm and two solar panels, and provides a living room, a toilet and an oxygen-making and water purification system inside, which basically has all the functions of life support for astronauts and scientific experiments.
On July 22, the European Southern Observatory released a photo taken by Atacama's large millimeter-wave/submillimeter-wave array telescope, in which PDS 70 star and two orbiting planets are surrounded by a circular astrolabe. This celestial system is about 400 light-years away from the earth, with a young star in the middle. The two planets orbiting it constantly attract gas and dust to form a disk, and the substances in the disk collide with each other, gradually forming a new satellite. This is the first time that astronomers have observed the structure of the planetary disk outside the solar system.
On July 23rd, Hubble Space Telescope took a picture of MACSJ0 138.0-2 155 galaxy cluster. This cluster of galaxies is about 4 billion light-years away from the earth, and its mass is about 654.38+000 billion times that of the sun. The massive gravitational effect produced by the mass of galaxy clusters can distort light and form a "magnifying glass" effect, making it easier for astronomers to observe distant galaxies. At the center of this photo is a galaxy that is farther away through the "gravitational lens" of the cluster of galaxies, about 65.438+0 billion light years away from the Earth.
On July 26th, the docking module of Russian "Pirs" left the International Space Station and was about to enter the earth's atmosphere for destruction. The docking module of the "dock" ended its 20-year in-orbit service on the 26th and returned to the earth's atmosphere for burning under the traction of the "Progress" spacecraft. The docking module "Wharf" was launched in September 20001year, and its main function is to seal the transition module. During its use, it assisted astronauts to complete 52 spacewalks. The "Science" experimental module will dock with the International Space Station on July 29th, replacing No.1 and becoming the new node module in Russia.
On July 27th, Hubble telescope photographed Jupiter's moon Ganymede. On July 26th, Nature Astronomy published a new research report. Astronomers have found evidence of water vapor in Ganymede's atmosphere in the observation data of Hubble telescope, which is thought to be formed by sublimation of ice on the planet's surface. Ganymede is the largest natural satellite in the solar system. Its surface is mainly composed of silicate rocks and ice, and its lowest temperature is below -200 degrees. Astronomers speculate that there is a flowing liquid ocean below the surface of Ganymede 160 km, and its water content exceeds the sum of all the oceans on the earth.
On July 28th, Hubble Space Telescope took photos of Indian galaxy IC 5063. This galaxy is about 65.438+0.56 billion light years away from the Earth. Astronomers speculate that there is a supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy, and the dust particles in the center area can scatter the radiation emitted by the black hole, thus forming a contrast between light and dark. This phenomenon is helpful for astronomers to observe and study the evolution of black holes.
On July 29, the Russian Nauka experimental module automatically docked with the International Space Station. "Science" successfully docked with the space station on the same day, but suddenly started the propulsion engine three hours later, resulting in a 45-degree change in the orbital attitude of the space station. Russia urgently started the propulsion engines of the "Progress MS- 17" spacecraft and the "Star" service module to offset the thrust of the "Science" engine. At present, the space station has resumed its normal operation posture, and the fuel of the "Science" experimental module has also been exhausted. The Russian Space Agency is still investigating the cause of the failure.
On July 29th, Boeing CST- 100 Starliner manned spacecraft and Altas -5 heavy launch vehicle arrived at the launch pad of Kennedy Space Center. The test launch mission was originally scheduled for July 30, but it was postponed to August 3 due to the docking accident between the Russian "Science" experimental module and the International Space Station. This will be the second unmanned orbit test flight of Boeing manned spacecraft. It is planned to deliver supplies to the space station and return to Earth with samples after staying at 10. If the test flight is successful, Boeing will launch its first manned mission at the end of 20021at the earliest.
On July 30th, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released a photo of the triple galaxy Arp 195 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The three galaxies in the center merge with each other under the action of gravity. This is a group of galaxies located in the northern part of the Tmall constellation, about 763 million light years away from the Earth. The celestial system contains at least three galaxies with a width of about 200,000 light years, two of which have been highly fused, and the stars and gas of the third galaxy extend outward due to gravity, forming a tidal tail with a length of about 200,000 light years.
On July 30th, the "Science" experimental module and the "Soyuz" manned spacecraft were photographed from the International Space Station. On the same day, Russian astronauts successfully entered the "Science" experimental cabin and reported that "everything in the experimental cabin was normal, but a 2 cm long bolt flew out when the hatch was opened." Vladimir Solovyov, head of the Russian flight of the space station, said that the accident of the accidental start of the engine of the "Science" experimental module was caused by a software failure, and the docking mechanism between the space station and the experimental module was working normally. In the next six to eight months, Russian astronauts will need to make 10 spacewalks to complete all the docking work of the experimental module.