Briefly describe the development history of ancient Chinese architecture
Primitive prototype:
As early as the Paleolithic Age 500,000 years ago, Chinese primitive people knew how to use natural caves as shelters. Rock caves inhabited by primitive people have been discovered in Beijing, Liaoning, Guizhou, Guangdong, Hubei, Zhejiang and other places.
In the Neolithic Age, clan tribes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River built semi-grotto dwellings with loess walls, wooden frames and grass mud, and then developed into above-ground buildings to form settlements. In the Yangtze River Basin, dry fence construction has developed due to frequent water and animal hazards due to humid and rainy conditions.
The first climax:
In 221 BC, after the emperor annexed the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, and Qi, he established a centralized empire and used the country to With his own manpower and material resources, he built a capital, palace and mausoleum in Xianyang. Today, you can see from the ruins of Epang Palace and the large-scale terracotta warriors and horses buried in pits on the east side of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor, you can imagine the grandeur of the architecture at that time.
The second climax:
The architecture of the Sui and Tang Dynasties not only inherited the achievements of previous generations of architecture, but also integrated external influences to form an independent and complete architectural system, pushing ancient Chinese architecture to maturity stage, which has a profound impact on South Korea and Japan.
The final climax is:
The Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for more than six hundred years. During this period, except for the short-term separatist wars in the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties, China Overall, a unified situation is maintained. As the development of ancient Chinese society has come to an end and social, economic and cultural development is slow, architectural history can only be the last climax of development.
Extended information:
In ancient Chinese architecture, there are basically two layout methods. One is solemn, majestic, neat and symmetrical, the other is twists and turns. For example, in Kyoto, imperial palaces, temples, mausoleums, government offices, palaces, residences, religious temples, palaces, ancestral halls, and guild halls, etc., mostly adopt the former form.
The plan layout has an obvious central axis, with the main buildings arranged on both sides of the central axis and the auxiliary buildings arranged on both sides of the central axis. This layout has a clear primary and secondary layout, with left-right symmetry.
Another layout method is the opposite. It does not seek uniformity or symmetry, but is arranged appropriately according to local conditions. Most of the landscape gardens, residential buildings, villages, water towns, etc. adopt this form.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ancient Architecture
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ancient Chinese Architecture