"Mid-Autumn Moon" by Lily (Su Shi)
Introduction to the "Shishu Youyou" platform, channels and anchors, as well as Lily's past sharing collections
The golden breeze blows coolly, the bright moon shines in the sky, and the Mid-Autumn Festival, the most pleasant time of the year, has arrived. . In this issue, let's enjoy Su Shi's "Mid-Autumn Moon".
Appreciation of Su Shi's "Mid-Autumn Moon"
? In the picture, the character Ru Ting is represented by a small black dot. This small black dot is hidden in the lower right corner of each character Ru Ting. You can practice your detective skills and see if you can find them quickly. After finding all the characters that have the input tone, you can play the game "Standard Ping and Ze": draw a horizontal line over all the flat tones, that is, the first and second tones. This symbol means flat, but be sure to pay attention, some first or second tones The character for is actually a character with entering tone, so it should be marked with oblique tone! Then draw a vertical mark on all the oblique tones, that is, the third, fourth and entry tones. This symbol represents oblique. It doesn’t matter if you don’t know how to mark it yourself. You can find each symbol that represents equal and oblique in the picture I shared, and mark it on your poem accordingly. However, I highly recommend that you try it yourself and compare it with the photos.
Reciting, chanting and chanting are all good ways to experience the rhythm and rhythm of poetry in sighing and chanting! While reciting, you can unknowingly imprint the poems you read deeply into your mind, and at the same time truly feel the beauty of the poems.
"Mid-Autumn Moon" by Yang Guan Ti Qijue
After the white dew, the weather turns cooler obviously. After returning home from school, I sit by the window and do my homework. When the wind blows, I have to close the window because it feels cold. In the early days of school, sometimes it was still bright after I finished my homework, but now, before I finish even half of my homework, my mother calls me to watch the sunset. On the way home from school, the leaves of the trees on the roadside have begun to turn yellow... Just like Xie Yi, a poet of the Jiangxi Poetry School in the Song Dynasty and known as "Xie Butterfly", wrote in his "Dian Jiang Lip": "Golden Qi Autumnal Equinox" , the wind is clear and the dew is cold. The cool toads are full of fragrance. The plain clothes are spread out, and the people in Yinqiao are scattered." The cool golden breeze signifies the arrival of the autumnal equinox, which is halfway through autumn.
The autumnal equinox is the sixteenth solar term among the twenty-four solar terms, and the fourth solar term in autumn, usually on September 22-24 every year. "Equinox" means "half", and the autumnal equinox means the halfway point of autumn. "Spring and Autumn Dew: The Entrance and Exit of Yin and Yang (Part 1 and 2)" says: "At the Autumnal Equinox, Yin and Yang are half in phase, so day and night are even and cold and hot are equal." When I shared Yang Pu's poem "Qixi" with you, I once said that " Starting from the beginning of autumn, the yang energy that has reached its peak will slowly begin to decline, and the yin energy that has reached its peak will slowly begin to rise." The yin energy that has accumulated since the beginning of autumn has begun to compete with the yang energy by the autumnal equinox. . "The Collection of Seventy-Two Hours of the Moon Order" also says: "The autumnal equinox is in the middle of August. The equinox is half. This is the half of the ninety days, so it is called the equinox." These records tell us that the "Autumnal Equinox" has two meanings: first, the four seasons are divided according to the four seasons of Beginning of Spring, Beginning of Summer, Beginning of Autumn and Beginning of Winter in ancient my country. The autumnal equinox is in the middle of the 90 days of autumn, dividing the autumn equally; A 24-hour day is divided equally into day and night, with 12 hours each. Modern science tells us that the autumnal equinox is the same as the spring equinox, with sunlight almost directly hitting the equator. After the autumnal equinox, the sun's direct point continues to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the days begin to become shorter and the nights become longer in various places in the northern hemisphere, that is, the days begin to be shorter than the nights in one day; the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere.
As the saying goes, "The night of the autumnal equinox is white with dew, and the night is cold." After the autumnal equinox, the temperature drops significantly faster. The three seasons of the autumnal equinox can also reflect this characteristic. The first phase of the autumnal equinox is "the thunder begins to cease its sound". The ancients believed that "thunder makes its sound in the Yang in February and stops in the Yin in August. When it hits the earth, all things will follow it." That is to say, thunder makes its sound because of the strong Yang energy. After the autumnal equinox, the Yin energy begins to become strong, so thunder no longer occurs. . The second period of the Autumn Equinox is "the hibernating insect's home". "Bai" pī refers to unburned bricks, pottery, etc. "Book of Rites" notes: "Bai" can benefit the place where the stinging hole is, making the bright area slightly smaller, and even if it is extremely cold, it is the cause of congestion. That is to say, as the weather gets colder, the hibernating insects begin to hide in their caves, and seal the cave entrances with fine mud to prevent the cold air from intruding. "The Book of Songs·Binfeng·July" also writes: "The sky suffocates the smoked rats, and they push them into the house. My wife said to her that she wanted to change the year, so she entered this room." It also describes the phenomenon of "empty households", but It’s not bugs, it’s the farmer who has covered the north-facing windows and leaky door panels with mud in preparation for the winter. The third phase of the autumnal equinox is when "the water begins to dry up." "Book of Rites" notes: "The nature of water is the Qi. When spring and summer Qi arrive, it grows, and when Autumn and Winter Qi return, it dries up." It means that rainfall begins to decrease during the autumnal equinox. Due to dry weather and rapid evaporation of water vapor, the amount of water in lakes and rivers becomes less, and some swamps and puddles are drying up.
It is worth mentioning that this year’s “Autumnal Equinox” will usher in my country’s first “Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival”: On June 21, 2018, the State Council agreed to establish the “Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival” The approval was released, so starting from this year, the autumnal equinox of the lunar calendar every year will be the "Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival".
Zen Master Wumen Huikai of the Song Dynasty had two famous poems: "There are hundreds of flowers in spring and a moon in autumn, and there is a cool breeze in summer and snow in winter." In ancient poems, "spring flowers and autumn moon" always appear together. There are four seasons in the year, each season has its own beauty, and the most beautiful thing in autumn is the bright moon in the sky.
For the ancients, "heaven, earth, sun, and moon" were all powerful and mysterious forces, and they were all extremely important. So how would the ancients treat such important and mysterious things? The ancients would sacrifice to them, because sacrifice was the most important thing to the ancients. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, ancient emperors had the custom of worshiping the sun at the spring equinox, the earth at the summer solstice, the moon at the autumnal equinox, and the sky at the winter solstice. The places where they worship are called the Temple of the Sun, the Temple of the Earth, the Temple of the Moon, and the Temple of Heaven. It is divided into four directions: southeast, northwest and northwest. Therefore, the most important custom of the autumnal equinox is "moon worship". The moon belongs to yin, and autumn also belongs to yin, and the moon in autumn is particularly bright, so the ancients worshiped the moon in autumn. Autumn corresponds to gold and west among the five elements. This is why Beijing's "Altar of the Moon" was built in the west.
"Beijing Suihua Ji", a folklore book about annual festivals in the Ming Dynasty, describes in detail the custom of Beijing people worshiping the moon: "On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people each set up a symbol of the moon palace, and the rabbit on the symbol stands like a human; Melons and fruits were kept in the court; the cakes were painted with toads and rabbits in the moon palace; men and women worshiped and burned incense. But have you noticed that what is recorded here is not the custom of the "autumn equinox" solar term, but the custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival. This is because according to expert research, the "Moon Sacrifice Festival" was originally set on the day of the "Autumnal Equinox". However, because this day falls on a different day in the eighth lunar month every year, there may not necessarily be a full moon. Of course, it is most appropriate to offer sacrifices to the moon on the night of the full moon when "the treasure mirror rises in the sky". Therefore, the "moon sacrifice festival" was later moved from the "Autumnal Equinox" to the Mid-Autumn Festival. Of course, formal sacrifices are a matter for emperors and officials. Although ordinary people do not have such grand sacrifices, they still worship and admire the moon. The famous Diao Chan worshiping the moon in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" can be said to be the embodiment of this custom. There are many "Moon Worshiping Altar", "Moon Worshiping Pavilion", "Moon Watching Tower" and other historic sites remaining in various parts of China. They were once resorts for the ancients to admire and worship the moon. Although people no longer worship the moon, people still go to admire the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival. It can be said that this is a legacy of this custom.
Speaking of the Mid-Autumn Festival, of course everyone is familiar with it. The Mid-Autumn Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Spring Festival, and the Qingming Festival are also known as the four traditional festivals in China. Because it happens to be in the middle of the third autumn, it is named the Mid-Autumn Festival. Because the festival falls on August 15th, it is also called "August Festival" and "August Half"; because the main activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival are all centered around the "moon", it is also commonly known as "Moon Festival" and "Moon Eve". "; The full moon on Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes reunion, so it is also called "Reunion Festival". As I mentioned before, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival developed from the "Autumnal Equinox Festival", so generally speaking, the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Autumnal Equinox are very close in time. The core of the customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival revolves around the "moon", such as offering sacrifices to the moon, worshiping the moon, appreciating the moon, and eating moon cakes. Osmanthus flowers are fragrant in August, so people also enjoy osmanthus flowers and drink osmanthus wine during the Mid-Autumn Festival. And maybe there are osmanthus trees in the Moon Palace and the legends about Wu Gang cutting osmanthus and Toad Palace collecting laurels came from this.
So how did the ancients worship or worship the moon? "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" also says: "When worshiping the moon on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, the cakes will be round, the melons will be broken into pieces, and the petals will be carved like lotus flowers. ... Those who have a wife who has returned to peace will return to her husband's house on this day, which is called reunion. "Festival". "The New Drunkard's Talk" records the custom of worshiping the moon: "The children of the Qingcheng family do not think that they are rich or poor and can go to the twelve or three on their own. They all decorate it with adult eyes. They go up to the building or in the atrium to burn incense and worship the moon, each with their own orientation; Men want to go to the Toad Palace early and climb up to the fairy laurel... Women want to look like Chang'e and be as round as the bright moon." It can be seen from these descriptions that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, every household will set up a large incense table and place moon cakes, watermelons, apples, dates, plums, grapes and other sacrifices. Among them, moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable, and the watermelons must be cut into lotus flowers. shape. Under the moon, the moon statue is placed in the direction of the moon, with red candles burning high. The whole family worships the moon in turn, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cakes. The person who cuts the food must calculate in advance how many people are in the family. Those who are at home and those who are out of town must be counted together. They cannot cut more or less, and the sizes must be the same.
The literati and officials were particularly fond of admiring the moon. They either climbed up buildings to gaze at the moon or went boating to gaze upon it, drank wine and wrote poems, leaving behind many well-known masterpieces that will last through the ages. When it comes to poems about admiring the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival, which one will come to your mind first? I'm afraid at least nine out of ten people will answer "I hope you live a long life, thousands of miles away from Chan Juan". Indeed, Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Song Tou: When will the bright moon come" was praised by later generations as the best Mid-Autumn Festival poem in the history. Hu Zai once commented on Dongpo's poem in "The Collection of Yuyincong Hua": "Mid-Autumn Festival" As soon as Dongpo's "Shui Diao Ge Tou" came out, all the rest of his poems were discarded." This poem has a small preface: "Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival, drinking happily till the end of the day, getting drunk, writing this poem, and pregnant with Ziyou." The "Ziyou" here is the name of Su Zhe, Su Shi's younger brother. This popular and eternal masterpiece was written by Su Shi when he was in Mizhou during the Mid-Autumn Festival of 1076, the year of Bingchen. At that time, he and his younger brother Su Che had not seen each other for seven years, so he wrote this poem after a drunken night. It not only expanded his imagination and thinking around the Mid-Autumn Moon, but also incorporated the joys and sorrows of the world into his philosophy of life in the universe. While pursuing sex, he also expresses his longing for Ziyou. What's interesting is that Su Shi's poems about the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival not only include "When will the bright moon come, ask the blue sky with wine", but he also has three other famous poems about appreciating the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival, namely "Moon over the Xijiang River: A Big Dream in the World" , "Niannujiao·Mid-Autumn Festival" and "Yangguan Song·Dusk Clouds Gather Overflowing Clear Cold", each one is admirable. What I want to share with you today is "Yangguan Song·Dusk Clouds Gather All Overflowing Clear Cold". 》.
Speaking of this song "Yangguan Song·Dusk Clouds Gather Overflowing Clear Cold", do you think this title is a bit like a word rather than a poem? I feel the same way myself. However, I first came into contact with this poem in "Poetry of a Thousand Families", where it was classified under the genre of "Qijue" and the poem was called "Mid-Autumn Moon". So I always thought it was a Qi Jue song, but when I was looking up information in preparation for sharing this time, I was surprised to find that many appreciations said it was a song. After some research, I discovered that "Yangguan Qu" is the name of a word brand, which is named after the sentence in Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi": "There are no old friends when leaving Yangguan in the west." Moreover, the rhythm of this word card is written according to the rhythm of Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy Anxi". And everyone also knows that "Send Yuan Er Envoy Anxi" is a seven-wonder song. Therefore, you can either say that Su Shi's work is a lyric, or you can say that it is a poem.
Like "Shui Tiao Ge Tou: When will the bright moon come", this song "Mid-Autumn Moon" is also closely related to Su Shi's younger brother Su Che. In fact, shortly after composing "Shui Tiao Songtou: When Will the Bright Moon Come", the Su Shi brothers got the opportunity to reunite. Seven years after the separation, the brothers once again enjoyed the Mid-Autumn Moon together, and their hearts were naturally filled with infinite joy. As a result, the two brothers became popular in poetry. Su Che composed a song called "Shui Tiao Ge Tou·Xuzhou Mid-Autumn Festival", while Su Shi wrote the song "Mid-Autumn Moon".
Among Su Shi's four famous poems about appreciating the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival, "Xijiang Moon: A Big Dream in the World" is also believed by some scholars to be a harmonious work with Su Che, expressing brotherly love. The title of this poem in "Selected Poems of Su Shi" by Kong Fanli and Liu Shangrong is "Moon over Xijiang·Mid-Autumn Festival and Ziyou". From these Mid-Autumn Festival poems, we can see that the brotherly relationship between Su Shi and Su Che is unusually deep. Therefore, in order to let everyone better understand the feelings expressed in this poem, it is necessary to first introduce the relationship between Su Shi and Su Che. The deepest brotherhood in history.
How good is the relationship between the two brothers? "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of Su Zhe" records: "Zhe and his brother entered and exited in the same place. In times of adversity, their friendship was deep and there was no lack of resentment, which is rare in modern times." Even the official historian felt that their brotherly love was rare in the world.
Su Shi is 3 years older than Su Che. The two brothers worked side by side since they were young, but they grew up to face hardships and conflicts. Su Shi and his younger brother comforted each other in sorrow, helped each other in disasters, often dreamed of each other, and often wrote poems to each other. Su Dongpo was both a friend and a teacher to his younger brother. In one poem, he once wrote, "I know Ziyou when I am young. He is naturally gifted and clear. If he is my younger brother, he will be born with a virtuous friend." Su Zhe wrote in Dongpo's epitaph: "I first served as a public servant, and I relied on my brother to care for me and my teacher to teach me." . Su Shi felt that his younger brother was quiet and docile in nature and that he was a capable friend. Su Che felt that his brother was knowledgeable and a teacher who taught him.
Su Shi and Su Che were Jinshi in the same discipline and entered official careers in the same year. The two men had roughly the same political thoughts. They advanced and retreated together during the reform struggle, and in their later years they were both demoted to the wild areas of the south. Su Shiwen was very popular, had a distinctive personality, was untimely, informal, free-spirited and free-spirited; Su Zhe formed an obvious complement to him, with a calm and restrained personality and not overtly exposed. He was more sophisticated than Su Shi and often gave advice to his elder brother, so his career was relatively smooth. .
Looking through their poetry collections, a large part of them are written by the two of them. Because they spent less time together and separated more after becoming officials, the brothers often sent letters from Hongyan. Su Shi sent letters and poems to Su Che almost every time he went to his post. This was especially true when he was demoted in his later years, and Su Che often responded. There are more than 100 poems by Su Shi with the title "Zi You" alone, such as "Shi Zi You", "Bie Zi You", and "He Zi You Poems". This is almost unique among literati in history.
In 1061 AD, Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang Mansion, and Su Zhe sent him to Zhengzhou. This was the first time the brothers had broken up, and they were both very sad. Su Che wrote a poem "Brother Huai Mianchi Sends a Child to See Brother": "Let's say goodbye to Zheng Yuan. We are afraid of snow and mud on the long road. After returning to the horse, we are looking for Daliang Mo. The traveler has already passed through ancient Guoxi. It was once a county. Do the officials and the people know the inscription on the wall of the old monk's room? There are few good things to do when traveling alone, but the horses neigh without words. It's like a flying bird stepping on the snow and mud: there are occasional fingers and claws left on the mud. The old monk has died and become a new pagoda. There is no way to see the old problems. Do you still remember the rugged road in the past? Donkey brays".
? The biggest disaster that Su Shi encountered in his life was the "Wutai Poetry Case". Because someone falsely accused him of writing a poem that satirized the imperial court, Song Shenzong was furious, and Su Shi was imprisoned in Yushitai. In prison, he almost died. As the saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. After Su Shi was imprisoned, all his usual friends were in danger, and most of them did not dare to speak up for him. Su Che also had a hard time because of being implicated, but not only did he not complain at all, he also took his brother's child into his own home to settle down, and repeatedly wrote to Emperor Shenzong, willing to be relieved of his official position to atone for his brother's sins. In prison, Su Shi was tortured by the imperial censor. He once believed that he could not escape death, so he wrote two desperate poems and asked someone to bring them to Su Zhe. There are two sentences in them: "We are brothers in this life, and we will be together in the next life." Cause." Their deep affection as brothers is really touching!
Understanding the affectionate brotherhood of Su Shi and Su Che, we can more deeply understand the feelings Su Shi wanted to express in this poem. Now let’s look at the poem itself.
"The dusk clouds are overflowing with coldness, and the silver man turns the jade plate silently."
"Dusk clouds" refers to the clouds at night. Overflow means full, which implies that the moonlight is like water. Qinghan means clear and chilly. Yinhan refers to the Milky Way, and the jade plate is a metaphor for the moon. This sentence means: "Night falls, the clouds disappear, the sky and the earth are filled with clear cold air, the Milky Way flows silently, and the bright moon turns to the horizon, as white and crystal clear as a jade plate."
"This life If this night doesn't last long, where will the bright moon be seen next year?" The beauty of this night in this life cannot be retained forever. Where will I watch the bright moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival next year? Although the sentence is very simple, it expresses the feelings that everyone has in their hearts so naturally and smoothly, and it has become an immortal sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
The first sentence of this poem reads "The moon is extremely bright during the Mid-Autumn Festival", but it does not start directly from the moonlight, but from the "twilight clouds", and the writing is full of twists and turns. The bright moon is first covered by clouds, but once the "twilight clouds are gone", it feels like there is more clear light. There are no words such as "moonlight" and "like water" in the sentence, but the words "overflow" and "qinghan" have the meaning of moonlight like water, and they all have the feeling of empty and clear water.
The moon and stars are sparse, and the Milky Way also looks very faint and far away. "Yinhan Silence" is not just a simple realism, it seems to say that the Milky Way should have a sound, but due to its distance, it is "silent", and the feeling of the vast sky is conveyed from this. Followed by the word "turn". In ancient times, the word "turn" was used when describing the silent, slow, and imperceptible movement of time. This also highlights the way time passes quietly when admiring the moon. The bright moon hanging in the sky is just like a "white jade plate". Such sentences naturally remind us of Li Bai's "Gu Lang Yue Xing": "If you don't know the moon when you are young, you will call it a white jade plate." Here, the metaphor of "jade plate" is used to describe the beauty of the moon's ice and purity, and the word "turn" not only Giving it a magical sense of movement and hinting at its roundness. The two sentences do not contain people admiring the moon, but they are all about pleasing the eyes and making people feel at ease.
The bright moon is full, which makes it more time for brothers to reunite. No wonder the poet has to praise the "goodness" of "this night in this life". From this meaning, "This night in this life will not last long." Good things are rare, so you should enjoy yourself and live up to the meaning of tonight. However, just as the bright moon is temporarily full and waning, life is also difficult to separate. The brothers are about to separate, and the poet cannot help but lament the shortness of "this life and this night". From this meaning, "This life and this night will not last long" directly leads to the farewell feeling in the last sentence. Saying "Where can I see the bright moon next year" certainly means "it may not be the same here next year", and is an expression of "worry". At the same time, "Where to look" not only asks questions to the other party, but also to oneself, which actually implies the feeling of wandering and uncertainty. The last two sentences "this life and this night" are opposite to "Mingyue next year". The two characters are overlapped with the two characters "ming". The "ming" in "mingyue" is the same as the character "ming" in "next year" but the meaning is different. It's the same, but the confrontation seems more skillful. It's really the result of a master's hand, and it's natural. Coupled with "not good", "where to look", negative and question singing and answering, it creates an endless emotional charm.
This poem writes from the beauty of the moonlight to the joy of "the full moon", and also from that night to the Mid-Autumn Festival in the coming year, and finally to the farewell love. The image is concentrated, the realm is lofty, the language is clear and meaningful, and it perfectly reflects the deep brotherly love between Su Shi and Su Che.
Reference feedback questions for the appreciation of Su Shi's "Mid-Autumn Moon"
1. Through my introduction to the solar term "Autumnal Equinox", can you guess what kind of solar term the Spring Equinox is?
2. Do you know the Temple of Heaven, Temple of Earth, Temple of Sun and Temple of Moon in Beijing? Can you introduce it to everyone?
3. Did you go to admire the moon during this year’s Mid-Autumn Festival? Do you know any other moon-viewing spots in China?
4. In addition to admiring the moon, worshiping the moon, and offering sacrifices to the moon, do you know any other customs during the Mid-Autumn Festival? Do you know any legends related to the Mid-Autumn Festival?
5. What do you know about the talented scholar Su Shi? In addition to Su Shi and Su Che, do you know that there are other brothers in history who have deep feelings and are equally talented?
6. Can you share with everyone a piece about the Mid-Autumn Festival that was not written by Su Shi?
?Reference materials
The deepest brotherhood in history: Su Shi and Su Che
Good brothers, for life - talk about the brotherhood of Su Shi and Su Che
p>
The moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival has been too hard
Su Shi’s four most classic Mid-Autumn Festival poems
Of course, there are also various Baidu...