What lives on the mythical Kunlun Mountain?
Please don't talk nonsense to a few Buddhist disciples such as Huo Dexin. This is one of the basic five precepts of Buddhism. Don't you even remember the last five precepts and ten good deeds? This is a sin.
Kunlun Mountain, also known as Kunlun Mountain and Kunlun Site, is a sacred mountain in China's ancient mythology, and Taoism regards it as a fairy mountain where immortals live.
The myth of Kunlun Mountain has a very old origin. It has been recorded in many pre-Qin documents.
The second volume of "Mu Chuan" contains "My son, the son of heaven rises to Kunlun Mountain and sees The Yellow Emperor's Palace". Guihai, the son of heaven is full of sacrifices and recorded as the hill of Kunlun Mountain ". (1) Chronicle of Bamboo Books records: In the seventeenth year of Zhou Muwang, he traveled to Kunlun Mountain to meet the Queen Mother of the West. (2) Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period, introduced the myth of Kunlun Mountain in many places to express his grief and indignation. "Li Sao" said that "Cangwu Xi starts in the morning and stops at the county nursery in the evening", and Wu Chao will help whitewater, climb the wind and chop the horse "; The sentence of "Kuai Wuduofu Kunlun, Liu" ③ Nine songs? Hebo: "Looking around Kunlun Mountain, my heart is flying." 4 "Tian Wen" cloud: "Kunlun County Garden, where is it? Zengcheng No.9 Middle School, how high is it? The gate of the square, who is it? Why is the northwest open? " (5) Nine chapters? "River-related" says: "Zhong Hua and I are swimming in the garden with a green pool." . Go to Kunlun to eat Yu Ying, live with heaven and earth, and live with the sun and moon in Guang Qi. ⑥ The three classics in Shan Hai Jing, the west, the wild west and the west in the sea, describe the location, shape and scenery of Kunlun Mountain in detail.
In the Han Dynasty, there were descriptions about Kunlun in Historical Records and Erya. The divination books such as Huai Nan Zi and He Tu describe Kunlun Mountain more. It can be said that the myth of Kunlun Mountain has been widely circulated in Qin and Han Dynasties. Later, natural history, notes, supernatural classics, ten continents, and Taoist books, such as The Book of the Qing Dynasty and The Little Silver Book of Dongzhentai, etc. , has been further modified to make the myth of Kunlun Mountain more magnificent.
According to books, the shape of Kunlun Mountain is roughly as follows:
(1) position. According to many documents, Kunlun Mountain is in the west of China.
For example, The Chronicle of Bamboo Books says: "Zhou Muwang's westward expedition to Kunlun Mountain." The West Three Classics in the Classic of Mountains and Seas says: "Four hundred miles southwest, named Kunlun Mountain, is the capital of the emperor." ⑦ Xiye Jing says: "South of the West Sea, on the shore of quicksand, behind Chishui and before Heishui, there is a mountain called Kunlun Mountain." ⑧ West longitude sea cloud: "The lack of Kunlun at sea is in the northwest, and the capital is under the emperor." However, the south meridian at home and the north meridian abroad are also called Kunlun Mountain in the southeast and northwest. Later, books published in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties were even more controversial. "River Map Around the Earth" says: "The center of the earth is called Kunlun, and Kunlun is thousands of miles southeast, so it is called Shenzhou." There is another cloud: "Kunlun people are also in the ground." "Ten Kingdoms" says: "Kunlun is named Hannah Quinlivan Mausoleum, which is in the land of the West Sea and the North Sea. It went to Wan Li for thirteen years ... Xianyang went to Wan Li for forty-six years." Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics says: "The Kunlun site is in the northwest, and ... 50,000 miles to Gaosong is also underground." Therefore, when the ancients annotated the Classic of Mountains and Seas, they put forward many opinions about Kunlun Mountain. Guo Pu of the State of Jin said that "there are Kunlun Mountains overseas" except the Kunlun Mountains at home. Hao Yixing in the Qing Dynasty even said: "The mountains on the other side of the wilderness are covered by Kunlun." Bi Yuan of the A Qing era also said: Kunlun is not a place, "the mountain is named after it." In fact, the Kunlun Mountain recorded in the book originated from ancient myths and legends, and it is not a true record of a mountain in geography, so it is impossible to determine its geographical location. Sima Qian, a great historian of the Western Han Dynasty, has an incisive view on this. He is in the historical records? "Biography of Dawan" said: "Rest in peace, Elder, it is rumored that there are weak waters and the Queen Mother of the West, which have never been seen before." At the end of the article, there is a cloud: "In this century, it is said that the river rises from Kunlun, which is more than 2,500 miles high, and the sun and the moon avoid each other as light. There are Liquan and Yaochi on it. "Today, since Zhang Qian made a big summer, he was poor in Heyuan and had a bad feeling about the so-called Kunlun Mountain in the chronicle. Therefore, there are mountains and rivers in Kyushu, and the ministers are close. I dare not say anything about Yu Benji and the monsters in Shan Hai Jing. " Therefore, according to rumors or myths, Kunlun Mountain does not really refer to a certain mountain in geography, but a fairy mountain, which is a paradise beyond the world.
(2) morphology. Shan Hai Jing? "Haixi Jing" says: "Kunlun is 800 miles empty, and Wan Ren is even higher. ..... Nine wells on the surface, with jade as the sill. There are nine doors on the surface, and the doors are guarded by enlightened animals. " There are also clouds "Chishui flows out of the southeast corner", "Great rivers flow out of the northwest corner", "Ocean blackwater flows out of the northwest corner" and "Weak water and clear water flows out of the southwest corner". "Wild West Classic" said: "There is a weak water ring under it, and there is a burning mountain outside, which can throw things (burn)."
Huainanzi? The terrain training said, "Zengcheng is nine heavy, with a height of 1000 Li, 114 steps and two feet and six inches." Then he said, "There are four hundred and forty doors next to them, four miles between them, and nine pure doors behind them, five feet high." There are nine wells next to it, and Yu Hengwei is in its northwest corner. Once the north gate is opened, it will be unhealthy. Tilting palaces, spinning rooms, county nurseries, breezes and fan tong are sparse nurseries in Kunlun. The pond in the sparse garden is soaked in yellow water, and the surrounding area of the yellow water is restored to its original state, indicating that it is Dan water, and it will not die after drinking it. The river flows from the northeast bank of Kunlun, ... Chishui flows from its southeast bank, ... Weak water flows from poor rocks, ... Ocean water flows from its northwest bank, ... Whoever has four waters is the fountain of God, and all kinds of medicines nourish everything. "
"River Map Enclosing Land" says: "Kunlun people are also in the land. There are eight columns under the ground, which are 100 thousand Li wide and have 3.6 thousand axes, which contain each other. " Also known as "Kunlun has copper columns, high into the sky, the so-called Tianzhu." Surrounded by three thousand miles, it is cut around. "Harmony" Kunlun Mountain, Wan Li, is a thousand miles high, with colorful clouds and flowing water. Its spring water flows southeast into China, which is called a big river. Its mountains should be in the sky, the most in the middle, surrounded by eighty cities. "
Jin Gan Bao's Book of Searching for the Gods, Volume XIII, said: "The ruin of Kunlun … is not as deep as weak water, but it still burns mountains all around. There are birds, animals and plants on the mountain, all of which are born in the fire and grow in the fire, so there is fire to wash cloth. "
There are ten clouds in Wang Jia's Notes in the Pre-Qin Dynasty: "Kunlun Mountain has a land of Hannah Quinlivan, which is higher than the sun and the moon. The mountain has nine floors, and each floor is far from Wan Li. There is a cloud, looking down, like the image of the city gate. "
In the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, there were also "the world is weak, the water in Kunlun is weak, and one feather can't afford it" and "there are mountains in the northwest of Kunlun, and Wan Li is surrounded by three snakes a week, and the snake is nine years old, and Wan Li. Snakes live in this mountain and eat the sea.
Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics (Volume I) said: "Kunlun said: Kunlun Mountain is three levels, and Fan Tong is the next one, and one class passes; Second, Xuanpu, a Lang Feng; Shangyu Shangcheng (Zengcheng), a paradise, is the residence of Taidi. " The Cave Stories published in the Six Dynasties said: "The Kunlun Mountain is 36,000 li high, with a flat terrain, three horns on it and a basin of Wan Li on the side. Its corner is due north, mainly in the essence of the stars, called Langfengtai; One corner is due west, called Xuanputai; One corner is due east, which is called Kunlun Terrace. There are also Beihu Mountain and Chengyuan Mountain, all of which are their branches. " It can be seen that there are many descriptions of the shape and geographical structure of Kunlun Mountain in various books, but they are all strange, making it difficult to get an exact overview. However, there are some typical morphological features in people's minds, such as Lang Feng Terrace or Xuanpu Terrace, Liquan and Yaochi, surrounded by weak water and so on.
(3) scenery. Books from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties mostly describe the wonders of birds, animals and plants in Kunlun Mountain.
Such as Shan Hai Jing? The Three Classics of the Western Regions said: "There is a beast in Kunlun Mountain, which looks like a sheep and has four horns. It's called the cockroach, and it's cannibal. There is a kind of bird, as big as a bee and as big as a mandarin duck. It's called Qinyuan. If you provoke animals and birds, you will die. If you mess with wood, you will die. There is a kind of bird called quail bird, which is Sidi's best service. There is a tree that looks like soup, and the yellow flowers are red and solid. It tastes like a plum without a stone. It's called Shatang, which can control water and keep people from drowning. What's the name of grass? Grass, which is shaped like sunflower and tastes like onion, is exhausted. " The western classics in the sea say, "South of Kunlun is 300 meters deep. There are nine enlightened beasts, all with human faces, standing in the east of Kunlun Mountain. In the enlightened west, there are phoenix emperors and phoenix birds, all of which wear snakes to practice snakes and pretend to be red snakes. There are meat, pearl and manjusri trees in northern Ming Kai. Shu Qi, the immortal tree. Phoenix, emperor and birds are all dressed. There are also Zhu, Bai Shu, Ganshui and Shengmu Mantui, all talking about each other. In the enlightened East, there are Wu Peng, Wu Di, Wu Yang, Wu Lv, Wu Fan and Wu Xiang, all of whom are far away from them with elixirs. ..... There are six tree birds in southern Ming Kai; Jiaozi, scorpions, snakes, scorpions, leopards and birds lined up in the trees in the water pond, chanting birds, scorpions and meat. "
Huainanzi? Terrain training said: there are trees and grass on Kunlun Mountain, which need to be repaired five times. There are bamboo trees, elm trees, mysterious trees and immortal trees in the west, Shatang and Langlang in the east, Jiangshu in the south and Shu Yao in the north. "
After Wei and Jin Dynasties, books gradually described more palaces and terraces while describing the wonders of birds and animals in Kunlun Mountain.
Wang Jia of the former Qin Dynasty wrote in Notes: "There is wind on all sides of Kunlun Mountain ... It is said that the southeast and northwest rise at the same time. And the wind of dust removal. If the clothes are dusty, the clothes will be as clean as cockroaches as soon as the wind blows. Nectar jacaranda is like fog, but covered with vegetation, it is like beads. There is also ibis, which looks like Dan and wood and stone; It has the support of Yao and Yi. There are nine floors above Kunlun Mountain. On the sixth floor, there are five-color Yushu trees, which shade for 500 miles and reach the water at night, and their light is like candles. The third floor is hay, and the first factory is full of cars. Some melons are as sweet as osmanthus, others are as green as winter, which can be eaten with jade well water, and the bones are soft and empty. There is a turtle on the fifth floor. It is one foot nine inches long and has four wings. Hooray, you can live in a tree. On the ninth floor, the mountain shape gradually narrows, and there is Chida Hewlett-Packard Garden under it, all of which are hundreds of hectares, and there are immortals. There are twelve Yao platforms next to them, each of which is 1000 paces wide, and all of them are mainly colored jade. There are ghosts and clouds at the lowest point, rising to 40 feet. There are clouds and rain in the east, and it looks like a red cloud in the south. The clouds hang down carefully. There is a pond in the west. There are many dragons and scorpions, all white, and chitose shed five internal organs. There is a five-color stone on the left side of this pool, and all the clouds have been turned into this stone by Bai Chi. There is a piece of jade in the forest, which can make you fat if fried. There is a precious forest in the north, with staggered branches and rich sounds. Nine rivers have been diverted. There are red waves in the south, and thousands of robberies are exhausted. "
"Qing Qing Yang Shi Children" said: Kunlun Mountain "has a gold mine in Tian Yong City, with a surface of thousands of miles. There are five Antai and twelve Lou Yu in the city. Its northern Tiger Mountain and City Wall Mountain are supported by them. There are Yucheng and Jintai Lou Yu, both of which are exactly the same. Vague vagrants, pale blue halls, Qionghua's room, Zicuidan's room, candlelight in Jing Yun, Jiuguang in Zhu Xia, and the place ruled by the Queen Mother of the West. ..... On the tree of gold and silver, in the forest of Qiong Ke Dan Bao, Su Gui is the branch, and Yu Jing is the truth. ..... There are Yanzi, Luan Feng, Baiqueti, Zhu E, Yao Ji, Guling, Chiwu and Qingque upstairs, and there are birds and beasts downstairs, living with Kunlun. " .
(4) the gods they live in.
The three western classics and the western sea classics all call Kunlun Mountain "the capital under the emperor". Huainanzi? Terrain training is called "the residence of the emperor". Does this "emperor" or "too emperor" seem to refer to books? Hong Fan said: "The emperor is the heavenly emperor (the highest god) who can't extinguish Hong Fan's nine realms with anger", which may also refer to the Yellow Emperor. If so, the God living in Kunlun Mountain should be the Emperor of Heaven or the Yellow Emperor. According to Shan Hai Jing? Wild west sutra, etc. The Lord God who dominates Kunlun Mountain is the Queen Mother of the West. The article said: "After Chishui and before Blackwater, there was a big mountain called Kunlun Mountain. There is a god, an anticlimactic person, all in vain. ..... There's a Dai Sheng, a tiger's tooth and leopard's tail, and her name is Queen Mother of the West. " Therefore, the Ten Kingdoms and the Qing Dynasty all said that Kunlun Mountain was ruled by the Queen Mother of the West. Kunlun Mountain is also the place where all immortals gather and extract. "The statue of the river map surrounding the ground" says: "The Wan Li of Kunlun Mountain is wide and thousands of miles high, and sacred objects are born, and saints and immortals gather." Wang Jia's "Notes on Memories" said: "Immortals often ride dragons and cranes during the game." It can be proved that Kunlun Mountain is not a mortal mountain, but a supernatural wonderland.