Will the battery life be damaged if the battery car is charged outdoors in winter?

How to prolong the service life of electric vehicle battery by charging? A: At present, most electric bicycles sold in the market use lead-acid batteries without memory effect, and there are different opinions on the best charging method of lead-acid batteries. Now, the technical service department of Lu Qing Company has summarized some experiences in maintaining Panasonic and Haibao batteries in recent years, as well as charging methods and matters needing attention to prolong battery life. 1. Charge frequently to avoid "deep discharge". Ride an electric car to get into the habit of charging on the same day. No matter how far you ride every day, it's best to charge the battery. Don't wait until it's used up. 2. When charging the battery in the car, close the electric door lock, do not charge the battery backwards, and try to charge it once. If you smell strange smell or the battery temperature is too high when charging, you should stop charging immediately and send it to the technical department of Shandong Light Industry Co., Ltd. for maintenance. When removing the battery for charging, do not touch both ends of the electrode with metal such as wet hands or keys to avoid scalding. 3. When it is not used for a long time, charge the battery once a month and store it after it is fully charged. Do not store in the power-off state. 4. Use a special charger when charging. Because the battery formula and technology are different, the technical requirements for chargers are different, and which charger can charge what brand of batteries is different, so don't mix chargers. In order to protect the battery, users can charge while using it, but they can't use the rising voltage to prevent serious loss of power. When the battery is dead, turn off the power and ride. 6. When charging, don't stop charging immediately when the charging indicator light shows that it is fully charged, and float for another 2-3 hours. Electric vehicle battery knowledge quiz-electric vehicle users ask: how do users use batteries to extend their service life? A: Experienced users know that the cost of battery is the biggest consumption of electric bicycle, so users are very concerned about extending the service life of battery. First of all, it should be assumed that there is no problem with the charger, and whether the user uses it correctly is very important for the life of the battery. Precautions for using the battery are as follows: 1. Do not change the charger casually, and do not lift the speed limit of the controller. Chargers from various manufacturers generally have personalized requirements, so don't change chargers at will under uncertain circumstances. If the mileage is required to be long, it is necessary to equip multiple chargers for charging in different places, so the charger for recharging during the day is supplemented by another charger, and the original charger is used at night. Canceling the speed limit of the controller can improve the speed of some cars, which will not only reduce the safety of cars, but also reduce the service life of batteries. 2. Protect the charger. There are instructions on protecting the charger in the general instruction manual. Many users don't have the habit of reading the instructions, and often think of looking for the instructions after the problems appear, which is often too late, so it is very necessary to read the instructions first. In order to reduce the cost, the current chargers are basically not designed with high vibration resistance, so don't put the chargers in the trunk and basket of electric bicycles. It must be moved under special circumstances, and the charger should be packed with foam plastic to prevent vibration and bump. After many chargers vibrate, the internal potentiometer will drift, making the whole parameter drift, resulting in abnormal charging state. In addition, keep the charger ventilated when charging, otherwise it will not only affect the life of the charger, but also affect the charging state due to thermal drift. This will damage the battery. So it is also important to protect the charger. 3. charge every day. Even if your continuous running ability is not long, you can use it for 2 to 3 days on a single charge, but it is recommended that you charge it every day, so that the battery will be in a shallow cycle and its life will be extended. Some early mobile phone users think that it is best to recharge the battery after it is basically used up. This view is wrong. The memory benefit of lead-acid batteries is not so strong. Frequent discharge has a great influence on battery life. Most chargers may charge 97% ~ 99% of the battery after the indicator light becomes full. Although only 1% ~ 3% of the battery is under-charged, the impact on the ability to continue driving is almost negligible, but it will also form under-charged accumulation, so it is also beneficial to continue floating charging as much as possible after fully charging the battery with the electric variable lamp. 4. Charge in time. After the battery was discharged, the vulcanization process began, and obvious vulcanization occurred in 12 hours. If the battery is charged in time, trace sulfide can be removed. If not charged in time, these sulfide crystals will accumulate and gradually form coarse crystals. General chargers are powerless to these coarse crystals, which will gradually reduce the battery capacity and shorten the service life of the battery. Therefore, in addition to charging every day, you should also pay attention to charging as soon as possible after use, and make the battery fully charged as much as possible. 5, regular deep row. Periodic deep discharge is also beneficial to "activate" the battery, which can slightly improve the capacity of the battery. The general method is to discharge the battery completely at regular intervals. The method of complete discharge is to ride to the first undervoltage protection under normal load on flat road. Note that we particularly emphasize the first undervoltage protection. After the first undervoltage protection, the battery voltage will rise after a period of time and return to the non-undervoltage state. At this time, if the battery is reused, it will cause great damage to the battery. After fully discharging, fully charge the battery. You will feel that the battery capacity has increased. 6. Develop some good habits of saving electricity. Use taxiing whenever possible. When going downhill, power off and slow down as early as possible. Enter the taxi in advance when you are about to meet the traffic lights, and try to reduce the brakes. A friend told me that he would rather turn the bay one more time than step on the brakes one less time, which makes sense. It is best to add riding assistance when starting, which can not only improve the starting speed, but also reduce the power loss and life loss of the battery. 7. Pay attention to the charging environment. The optimum ambient temperature for charging is 25℃. At present, most chargers have no automatic control system to adapt to the ambient temperature, so most chargers are designed according to the ambient temperature of 25℃, so charging at 25℃ is better. Otherwise, it is inevitable that there will be problems of insufficient charging in winter and excessive charging in summer. However, when the ambient temperature is really lower than 25℃, there will inevitably be problems of overcharging in summer and undercharging in winter. Fortunately, most families now have indoor temperature regulation conditions, so it is best to arrange the battery and charger in a ventilated temperature regulation environment when charging. In particular, in the northern winter outdoor low temperature state, the battery enters the greenhouse, and the surface will be frosted and dewed. In order to avoid the leakage of the battery caused by frost and dew, the battery should be recharged after the temperature of the battery is raised to close to the indoor temperature and dried. 8. Make full use of maintenance conditions Many dealers of electric bicycles can provide battery maintenance services, and these services should be fully utilized. Some brands of electric bicycles put forward battery maintenance. For example, regular maintenance of the battery can reduce damage to the battery. Repairing the state of charge of the battery can alleviate the failure of "battery backwardness", which is easy for dealers with maintenance ability. For water loss, it is better to replenish water when battery capacity is 70% than when battery capacity is 40%. Even some brands of products suggest that not repairing the battery within the specified time is equivalent to giving up the warranty period of the battery. Let consumers suffer losses that should not happen. Therefore, consumers should make full use of battery maintenance conditions to extend the service life of batteries. Through these methods, users can greatly extend the service life of batteries. Some users have short mileage and long battery life, and some problems are relatively difficult to find. Therefore, the "deep discharge" measure mentioned in Article 4 is also an effective way to find the battery problem in time, so it is very difficult not to wait until the battery problem is serious. A dealer asked: What is the working principle of lead-acid batteries? A: Lead-acid battery is one of the most widely used batteries. It uses sponge lead as the negative electrode and lead dioxide as the positive electrode. We call these two substances active substances and use sulfuric acid aqueous solution as electrolyte. They participate in the electrochemical reaction of the battery. The chemical reaction principle of lead-acid battery is as follows: Pb+HSO4-PbSO4+H+2E positive reaction: PbO2+2e+HSO4-+3H+ PbSO4+2H2O electrode reaction: PBO2+2H+2HSO4-+Pb2Pb2SO4+2H2O charging state. From the above reaction principle, it can be seen that, under normal circumstances, the generated lead sulfate has loose structure, fine crystal and high electrochemical activity. When this highly active lead sulfate is charged, under the action of current, lead dioxide can be regenerated at the anode and sponge lead can be regenerated at the cathode. Through this stable and reversible process, the battery can store and release electric energy. Mr. Li asked: What are the causes and hazards of sulfation of lead-acid batteries? A: Lead sulfate has a high activity for a period of time after its formation. If it is not charged in time or is not fully charged within this period of time, it cannot be converted into positive and negative active substances in time. Lead sulfate recrystallizes at low temperature and precipitates on crystalline lead sulfate. In this way, the crystal particles will increase continuously and become lead sulfate crystals with poor conductivity, which is difficult to dissolve and recover when charging. There are many reasons for the failure of the battery, such as fatal electrode grid corrosion, serious deformation of electrode grid, electrode active material falling off, short circuit or open circuit inside the battery, etc. However, statistics show that most battery failures are caused by irreversible sulfation of electrode active materials. This salt is difficult to recover into lead dioxide and sponge lead when charging, which is very harmful to the battery: its formation consumes active substances, reduces the effective capacity of the battery, and will lead to long-term scrapping of the battery; Not only is it difficult to recover itself when charging, but it will also block the gap between porous electrodes, hinder the passage of electrolyte and increase internal resistance; When charging and discharging, more heat will be generated, and the temperature of the battery will increase the corrosion and deformation of the electrode plate, which will make the active material fall off and lead to the scrapping of the battery structure. The charging efficiency decreases and the charging time decreases.