What weather is sugarcane planting most afraid of?
The life of sugarcane can be divided into five stages: germination, seedling formation, tillering, stem elongation and mature technology. The growth rate, yield and sugar content of sugarcane are closely related to climatic conditions, especially temperature and water conditions.
1. budding. The minimum temperature of sugarcane bud germination requires the daily average temperature to be above 13℃, and the germination will be accelerated when it is above 2℃, and the germination at 3-32℃ is the most suitable. Sugarcane germination requires soil temperature (-1 cm) above 18℃. Below this temperature, germination is slow, germination rate is low, and seedlings are easily lacking. In production, in order to accelerate germination, measures such as soaking seeds to accelerate germination, seedling transplanting and timely planting with plastic film are usually adopted. The temperature of sugarcane hairy roots is lower than that of germination. Generally, the average daily temperature is 1℃, and the most suitable temperature is 2-27℃. During the germination of sugarcane seeds, vigorous respiration is needed to generate energy for germination. If the soil humidity is too high, the soil moisture is too high, the planting depth is too deep and the soil cover is too thick, the growth of seedling roots and buds will be affected.
2. Growing stage. At the seedling stage, the daily average temperature is required to be above 15℃, and it is suitable to be about 75% of the maximum water capacity in the field, which mainly meets the needs of ecological water. Too much or too little soil moisture will hinder the growth of roots and be unfavorable to the growth and development of seedlings.
3. Tillering stage. Both air temperature and soil temperature have obvious effects on tillering. Usually, the average daily temperature is above 2℃ at tillering stage, and 25-3℃ is the most suitable. The higher the temperature, the more tillers there are. Appropriate moisture tillers more and tillers faster, but too much moisture leads to poor soil ventilation and affects tillering. The intensity of light is the main factor affecting tillering. Under weak light, auxin is less damaged by photooxidation and can promote the elongation of main stem. There are many strong tillers in sunny days, otherwise there will be few tillers, late tillers and weak growth. The daily illumination time is less than 5 hours, and sugarcane plants generally do not tiller. There are many tillers with sufficient nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, which have the greatest influence on tillers. In addition, shallow cultivation, diligent cultivation and sufficient oxygen in the soil can promote tillering.
4. Stem elongation period. This period is the fastest growing period of sugarcane in its life, and it is also the key period to determine the yield of sugarcane stems. The elongation period of sugarcane stems requires high temperature, sufficient sunshine, moisture and nutrients, and no tropical cyclone environment. It is most appropriate to require the daily average temperature to be around 3℃, with a slight elongation even up to 4℃. If it is lower than 2℃, the elongation will be slow with the temperature drop, and it will stop below 15℃. Generally, sugarcane can enter the elongation period only when the average temperature is above 2℃, and sugarcane can enter the large elongation period only when the average temperature is 27℃. Therefore, in areas with high temperature and long warm period, sugarcane grows fast, and its yield and sugar content are high.
The elongation period of sugarcane stems is the period with the largest water demand in sugarcane life, accounting for about 5-6% of the total water demand in sugarcane life, with an average daily water consumption of 3-4cm. It is advisable for the soil to maintain 8-9% of the maximum field water capacity during this period. If the rain is insufficient, it must be irrigated in time, otherwise, if there is water shortage at this time, the growth will stagnate, the internodes will be short, and the sugar content will be reduced, thus affecting the sugarcane yield and sugar yield. The breeze makes the field well ventilated, which is beneficial to the growth of sugarcane. However, strong winds and typhoons do great harm after the peak elongation period, often causing sugarcane leaves to tear and break, and sugarcane stems to break and lodging, so the yield of windward side is often lower than that of leeward side. The elongation period of sugarcane is also the period that requires the most fertilizer, in which the absorption of nitrogen accounts for about 5% of the whole growth period, and phosphorus and potassium account for more than 7%, so heavy fertilization should be carried out in the early elongation period.
5. Process maturity. It is the period when sucrose content in sugarcane gradually reaches the peak and the quality of sugarcane juice reaches the best. The mature stage of technology requires cold, dry, sunny and frost-free weather, which is beneficial to sugar accumulation in sugarcane. High temperature and humidity are beneficial to sugarcane growth, but not to sugarcane sugar accumulation. According to the research, the cool and dry climate with strong sunlight during the day, high humidity, low temperature and cool at night (the average night temperature is 12-14℃), low relative humidity and daily range of about 1℃ is the most favorable for the accumulation of sucrose and the best quality of sugarcane juice. Therefore, the climatic conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, small temperature difference and insufficient light during the maturity of sugarcane are not conducive to the accumulation of sucrose. The maturity stage is related to the variety, and the sugar accumulation of early-maturing species is faster than that of late-maturing species.
Sugarcane can't tolerate low temperature. If the daily average temperature is below 1℃, it will stop growing. If the lowest temperature is below ℃, it will suffer. If it is below -3℃, it will have a serious impact on yield and quality.
due to the natural climatic conditions in our county, due to the spring drought and low temperature, it is necessary to use greenhouse facilities to grow sugarcane to produce high-yield and high-quality products.