The Code Beyond the Soul —— Appreciation of Li He's "Ghosts" Poems
? Li He's poems can be roughly divided into four categories: ghost poems, narrative poems, object-chanting poems and frontier poems, among which ghost poems are the most representative.
? When he was a teenager, Li He acted differently. He often goes to the cemetery to study and learn the inscriptions on tombstones. The gloomy place that people can't avoid makes Li Hexin yearn for it, which also leads to all kinds of bizarre ghosts and gods in his later poems, not groundless, but "famous teachers". Li He was deeply influenced by Qu Yuan, and many ghosts and gods in his poems came from Qu Yuan's Songs of the South. Not only the theme is similar, but also the poetic style has been passed down from generation to generation. If we say that among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, who is the most like Qu Yuan, Li He deserves it. But at the same time, because Li He's poems about ghosts and gods are the closest to Chu Ci, his poems are also difficult to interpret, and the metaphors behind each poem are deep.
? What does Li He want to express after using allusions extensively? This is really thought-provoking. Therefore, if you want to read Li He's poems, you have to know what allusions he used. Why did he use this code? What does he want to say through this allusion? Then let us know the essence of Li He's poems and the ghosts and gods hidden behind him.
ChristianRandPhillips:
Zhu Jun is immortal for thousands of years, and he built a river with God E.
Pretty Niang Yin is full of air conditioning, 93 is quiet and green with tears.
In the smoke of husband and wife's parting, Wu Yun and Yu Shu echoed each other from afar.
You are worried about the green maple in autumn, and Gu Long sings in the cool night waves.
? On the surface, this poem only describes the love story of ChristianRandPhillips and Shun Di, but in fact it is Li He's view of love. Narrator and bamboo have been accompanied for thousands of years, and sex and rain are interlinked. These two sentences depict the touching love between Shun Di and ChristianRandPhillips through the password of the tryst between the king of Chu and the goddess. Although the clouds are separated by fog, they can still be connected with each other and have mutual affinity. But the last sentence took a sharp turn for the worse, and the words "sad autumn" and "cold night cologne" added a sense of desolation to the already tragic love story. Therefore, Li He should not only express his praise for love, but also express his concern for love through the allusion of ChristianRandPhillips. The lovesickness of Emperor Shun and ChristianRandPhillips also made Li He lament.
Similarly, there are Di Zi's songs:
Di Zi in Dongting is thousands of miles away, the breeze is Xu Lai, and geese are crying in the water.
Nine calamus died on the stone, and Xiang Shen played the piano to welcome them.
The old laurel on the mountain blows ancient incense, and the mother dragon complains about the cold light of the water.
Shapu left the fish and threw pearls at the kokuryudo.
? It can be said that this poem is a companion piece of ChristianRandPhillips, and it has the style of "Nine Songs of Chu" in terms of writing structure and naming conception. "Shen Xiang plays the piano to welcome Di Zi" and "Nine flowers greet each other, and the spirit comes like a cloud" have the same effect, but this poem is difficult to understand, and there are three schools in the academic circles, but I think this one is similar. Shen Xiang begged Di Zi to come while playing the piano, but Di Zi would come after all. Compared with "Wu Yao Yu Tong" in ChristianRandPhillips, this poem is more solemn and stirring. Moreover, due to the cold environment and image, and the last two sentences, "Shapu leaves fish, Kokuryudo throws pearls", it seems that this poem is not only a love view, but also an expression of Li He's unexpected feelings. It also symbolizes that Li He is also frustrated in officialdom, with a bleak career and a sad life. The fish came to the place where the female dragon lived with pearls and prayed for Di Zi's blessing. Just like Li He, he resigned and went home, but he didn't want to be silent and wanted to return to his official career. So, he ran around like a "Shapu fish", hoping to get high-level attention.
? The ghosts and gods in Li He's works are not only ghosts and gods, but also the sustenance of Li He. Li He has too much to say to the world, but he is introverted and doesn't like to express himself. He can only express his will through ghosts and gods to inspire the world.
? The "ChristianRandPhillips" and "Di Zi Song" we mentioned earlier can be said to describe only gods, not ghosts. Next, let's look at a real "ghost poem":
Su Xiaoxiao tomb
Dewdrops on orchids in the cemetery are like her sad tears.
There is no knot in the knot, and the flowers in the cemetery are even worse.
The grass is like a mat, and the pine tree is like her car cover.
The breeze is her clothes, and Jasper is her Yu Pei.
The oil-wall car used before death should be waiting around at night.
Wildfire Wildfire green, courtesy, lightning.
She walked, under the Xiling, only the wind and rain, whistling.
? This is a classic by Li He, whose theme is taken from Su Xiaoxiao, a famous geisha in Qiantang, Southern Qi Dynasty in the Six Dynasties. In the preface to The Tomb of the True Mother, Shen Li said, "There is a tomb of Su Xiaoxiao, a prostitute in Jiaxing County. It is stormy and rainy, or there is a voice singing on it." Since then, the talented actress Su Xiaoxiao has frequently appeared in various famous poems, and this one by Li He is the best. In just a few lines, it depicts an ice-muscled jade bone, a peerless beauty as soft as jade. Although this beauty has already died and turned into a ghost, her smile seems to have penetrated for thousands of years, which makes our readers return to the West Lake and silently appreciate Su Xiaoxiao, where the wind is the dress and the water is the rhyme.
? The first ten sentences of this poem describe the elegance of Su Xiaoxiao. Her eyes are blue, slightly tearful, delicate and touching, which makes people want to stay. However, at this time, she has been in the nether world, but there is no empathy, no fireworks to cut, even with lush seats, such as a forest that shelters the wind and water, but there is no one in the oil wall car before her death. Who is it waiting for? The Sri Lankan people have gone, and the cars and horses are empty. Su Xiaoxiao in the last four sentences is a ghost's body. Even though his elegant demeanour has not diminished, he is still magnificent, elegant, quiet and relaxed, just a faint jack-o'-lantern. Leng Yan is bright, and he carefully dresses up his appearance and beauty, but no one keeps the appointment and stops at Xiqiao Bridge where he wants to tie the knot, but only he has zero hardship. The whole poem is full of piercing Leng Yan, with delicate feelings. Su Xiaoxiao hasn't spoken yet, but it's worth a thousand words. Even a female ghost, she is still lonely and melancholy, and Leng Yan is beautiful.
? The theme and artistic conception of this poem also draw lessons from the description of ghosts in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs Shan Gui, that is, "being cared for by Li Xi", "smiling with sadness", "reflecting fragrance and leaving thoughts" and "thinking about children and leaving worries". Everything looks so similar, whether it is the nihilistic Shan Gui or the real Su Xiaoxiao, their eyes and eyes seem to be on the paper. Their loyalty to love and their expression of emotion are so similar that they all wait for their lovers in the wind and rain.
? This poem describes feelings with orchids, herbs, pine forests, Changfeng, flowing water, chariots and horses, candlelight, Xiling, cold rain and other scenery. These scenes become dark through the words "secluded", "cold", "tired" and "blowing", which makes readers feel as if they are in the dark and the atmosphere is hard to see. Su Xiaoxiao, unwilling to be a spectre, is still wandering on the ghost road, looking for someone who has been * * * with himself. And Li He, though separated from Su Xiaoxiao by a hundred years, is in the same boat. Su Xiaoxiao is looking for it, and so is Li He. He is also looking for a "thing" that can be United, and this "thing" is the Li Tang Dynasty. At this point, the Li Tang dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion had already been weakened, but Li He was still in high spirits and bent on saving the day. Su Xiaoxiao's "cold" and Li He's "hot" are in sharp contrast, but whether it is cold or hot, there are people who pursue it.
? Li He not only created the world in poetry, but also created his own world. He expressed his feelings through the beautiful and moving Su Xiaoxiao. It's like standing by the West Lake, waiting for no result, not Su Xiaoxiao, but him. But I looked at the clear water and reflected on him and Su Xiaoxiao.
? Today, Su Xiaoxiao's tomb is near the West Lake. Although it is only a cenotaph, every time I pass by this place, there are always a few people who can think of this eternal swan song and the unfortunate woman who dragged the clouds and snow away 1,500 years ago. As Yuan Hongdao said-"Hating blood and weeping your soul is half driven by wind and rain."
? The greatest feature of Li He's poems is the humanity of ghosts and gods. ChristianRandPhillips and Di Zi are gods, while Su Xiaoxiao is a ghost like a man. ChristianRandPhillips had a heart-to-heart talk with Shun Di and refused Shen Xiang's courtship. Su Xiaoxiao waited on the bridge for a lover who could not meet each other. It can be said that they are all ghosts and gods, and they are not ghosts and gods. Ghosts and gods are just a form of expression. Through the description of ghosts and gods, Li He reflected the contents of the world and expressed the feelings of the world.
? However, Li He not only wrote many poems about ghosts and gods, but also added some elements of ghosts and gods to other poems, such as the classic Quotations from Li Ping:
Wu Si, Shu and Zhang Tong are in high autumn, and the empty mountains are not flowing.
Jiang Yue wept for Motome's sadness, while Ping Li was playing China.
Kunshan jade broken Fengming, hibiscus crying, Xianglan laughing.
The cold light melts in front of the twelve gates, and the twenty-three silk moves the purple emperor.
Nu Wa makes up the sky by refining stones, and the stones break the ground to stir up the autumn rain.
Dream into the holy mountain to teach the gods, and the old fish dance with the waves.
Wu Mian leans against the laurel tree, showing his feet and flying obliquely to wet cold rabbits.
? This is one of Li He's most classic narrative poems about music. He used a lot of wild imagination to describe Li Ping playing the piano. In my opinion, among all the poems describing music, Li Ping's Introduction to Piano (Li He), Pipa (Bai Juyi) and Listening to Ying Shi Play the Piano. Li He did not forcibly describe the music itself, but described the fantasy in his mind in a different way: Jade Broken, Rongqi, Nuwa, Shenshan Old Woman, Old Fish Skinny Dumpling and Wu Yuetu. These images are gorgeous beyond imagination, and gradually emerge in his mind with the music. Although he is sitting in the restaurant, he has lost his mind, as if there were. "
? Both myths and legends and their own imagination make the works very romantic. Li He turned the abstract into concrete and the dead into the living. He doesn't write about his feelings, but what he sees, not his vocal skills, but his vocal effects. Although there is no comment, his feelings are already in the poem. This sincerity can be described as a must.
? In addition to narrative poems such as Li Ping's Quotations, Li He will also add stories about ghosts and gods to poems about objects, such as Song of the Sword in Spring Square:
In the sword box in Zhengzi's belly, there is a sword with a dazzling light like a three-foot sword. It once went up the mountain and went deep into the water, with an extraordinary origin.
Far away, the sword of the sword seems to shoot from the moonlight clouds, coldly attacking people; It's like a white ribbon.
The pattern on the scabbard of the old shark skin is shining, and there is a thick layer of grease, which looks like the tail feather of a male, and never rusts.
This sword is not only exquisite and sharp, but also has a chivalrous heart like a famous chivalrous man in the Warring States period, which is clearly reflected in the text of the book Chunfang.
The gold wire hanging on the hilt is still so bright and eye-catching, and it emits strange light in the box, ready to try, trying to cut the hard blue jade into mud!
The white gods in the west are scared when they see it, and the mother gods will cry.
? This song "Chunfang Zhengzi Jianzi Song" and "Li Ping Yong Yin" were written almost at the same time. At that time, Li He worked in Chang 'an and was an official in Li Lang (a small official in charge of sacrifice). But he is ambitious, so he can only commit himself to being a small official in Do and be idle. Although this left him nowhere to serve the country, it also gave him enough time to spare and compose poems.
? Song of Chunfang Zhengzi Jianzi is one of the most famous poems about swords in the history of China's poetry. The so-called Chunfangzi refers to the official in charge of collating classics in the Tang Dynasty, belonging to Zuo Chunfang Ju Jing. This poem is a sword to praise Chunfangzi. The first two sentences praise the sword light directly, and at the same time introduce the allusion of "Wu Tan cutting the dragon". In Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rehabilitation, it is recorded that the Western Jin Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty slaughtered dragons in Yixing. The poet used scripture to raise the height of this sword, and then three to six sentences bluntly said that this sword is exquisite in skill and exquisite in workmanship. The sword is like a white silk in moonlight. Shark skin as a sheath, emitting the light of thistle grass, owl oil rubbing the blade like the tail feather of a silver pheasant. This shows the exquisiteness of this sword. "Jing Ke, my heart is pounding. Don't teach me to read the word Chunfang. " These two sentences are the core of this poem. This sword is not only exquisite in craftsmanship and unparalleled in the world, but also has a heart-a chivalrous heart like Jing Ke, a famous Warring States. This sword wants to kill evil spirits, comfort the people, save the country and save the world, and regain its edge. But it has been imprisoned in a cold place, shelved and idle for a long time, and has not been reused. There are some literary works in the last four sentences of this school's Chunfang official office. The sword spike is made of gold, and the Excalibur is already unbearable, jingling in the box, and the sword light is ready to come out. It is necessary to cut the beautiful jade in Lantian into mud. Bai Di will panic when he sees it, and Guimu will cry when he sees it.
? It is not difficult to see that Li He used many allusions in this poem, among which the mythical God of the West, Gui Mu came from the famous allusions in Historical Records: Liu Bang was drunk and walked at night, wielding a sword to slay the serpent in the way, and then saw an old mother crying, claiming that my son was the son of the West, and now the quilt killed her. Li He compared this sword to the emperor's sword of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, which virtually praised the uncommon place of this sword, in sharp contrast with the previous sentence-it was an Excalibur with the heart of a chivalrous man, but it was hidden by a Wang named Chunfang. Instead of going through fire and water to kill the enemy, it was imprisoned in Chunfang's office, which means "a famous horse is only a great shame". Taste.
? However, the poet invisibly combined the overuse of the sword with his own frustration. The sword can't be used to its best, and people have nowhere to use their fists. On the surface, this poem is about the misfortune of the sword, but secretly it tells the story of the poet's own bumpy life. The sword is a thing, and man is the Lord. Wang Qi commented on the cloud: "The sword was offered from beginning to end to show the feeling of not meeting a bosom friend." This sentence can be said to hit home, pointing directly at Li's heart.
? The whole poem is from form to spirit, from things to people, with novel ideas and fantastic ideas. It is a masterpiece of chanting swords, with its metaphor of the blending of Lian Zhu and nature, concise and vivid words, many allusions but not obscure, big and obscure jumps, and profound but not boring themes.
? Through Li He's poems, we can easily find that there are many feelings in his poems. Because of this, his poems are more emotional and expressive. These metaphors are deep and need to be read carefully to taste. Therefore, it is not groundless to say that Li He is an implicit person, but implicit people will also express their thoughts directly:
Qiu Lai.
Autumn wind hits the heart, the strong man works hard, there is a faint light, and the owl cries for weaving a warm dress.
Who will read the book I wrote with bamboo slips in the future, and don't moth it into dust and holes?
This thought involves, my stomach should be worried tonight, the rain is cold, like an ancient poet comforting a hanging soul.
In the autumn night, in the cemetery, Bao's poems were recited, and their blood feud turned into jasper on the earth, which is hard to disappear for thousands of years.
? This is a "ghost poem" written by Li He. After reading this poem completely, even if you don't know the language or the meaning, you can still feel the coldness in the poem: the autumn wind is chilly and people are worried, and the strong men are still struggling for the work. In the dim candlelight, the winding weft is crying, urging them to weave cold clothes. However, even if it is so difficult, who will read my books and prevent them from being eaten by moths? My thoughts are involved, and I don't feel that the nine bends will be straight, and the cold rain outside the window is like rain, as if the soul of a sage came to comfort my poor scholar. In the graveyard in late autumn, Shi Gui people must be singing Bao Zhao's poems, and their blood will turn into jasper in the soil, which will last for thousands of years.
? It can be said that this is the most classic ghost poem of Li He. The word "bitterness" at the beginning suppresses the atmosphere of the whole poem, and the dim light and the crying of the weaver girl make the movement quiet, further exaggerating the hardship of the environment and the poet's inner loneliness. The third sentence and the fourth sentence are the poet's sighs. He tried hard, but after all, no one cares. It seems that he complains, but in fact it is the poet's accumulated anguish for a long time. The sentence "think straight tonight" can be described as a classic. In the past, "gut feeling" and "breaken" were often used to express grief. However, Li He created a new word, and a "heartbroken feeling" expressed the author's deep sorrow. Even more exciting is the next sentence, "The rain is cold and fragrant, and the soul hangs a book." Condolences were supposed to let the living mourn the dead, but Li He did the opposite. He mourned strangers with ancestors' ghosts and mourned the living with the dead, which further highlighted the poet's misfortune and desolation and made the "bitterness" of the whole poem reach a new height. This sentence can be described as unprecedented and groundbreaking, which makes people sigh. The last two sentences, "The ghost in the autumn grave sings Bao poetry, and hates blood for thousands of years." Among them, "Jiabao Poetry" is the poetry guide of Bao Zhao in Song Dynasty, and Bao Zhao once wrote a poem "Difficult to Go", which has the meaning of everlasting regret and expresses his incompetence. And "hate blood turns green" is taken from Zhuangzi-"Changhong died in Shu, hid blood, and turned green in three years." Ghosts sing precious poems and hate blood to turn blue. Poets bring ghosts to the same tune because they have the same depressed mood. On the surface, the poet is talking about Bao Zhao, but in fact he is talking about himself. After all, he and people with lofty ideals like Bao Zhao have a long way to go and a long history of mutual hatred.
? This poem can be said to be Li He's most bitter poem, such as a guest tour, Long song's continuation of short songs or sad poems. The whole poem is in a sad environment, dark and cold, bitter, declining, cold, persistent, straight, cold, soul and cold. Although it is a ghost poem, it describes the sweet soul and Shi Gui, but it is about himself, a poor scholar, frustrated in the clouds in the middle Tang Dynasty. However, there is no confidant in the world, so we can only find a bosom friend in the nether world, which shows that his feelings are sad.
? Looking at Li's poems, they are not all sad ghost poems. He also has many poems with completely different styles, including the great ambition of "helping Yulong die as a king" and the shortcomings of "attracting dragons to pour wine and inviting wine stars". There are both the sudden opening of roosters and the romantic and free and easy style of "changing for thousands of years". Li He's poetry style is changeable, but ghosts and gods still account for the majority and are interspersed in other poems. He is called "Shi Gui", but he is also Shi Gui.
? In fact, Li He's poems have both romanticism and realism. He has both Li Bai's boldness and Du Fu's melancholy, complex and contradictory, detached and realistic, which is related to his thought and life. Li He's nature is undoubtedly romantic. I often wander around the fairyland and talk with the immortal Buddha about the ancient road and the present. He is chic and happy, and he has endless fun. However, the sad life brought him back to reality. He was sickly, his family was poor, he failed in the imperial examination, his career was bleak, his wife died young and he was alone. All these are painful facts that he has to face. He wants to be romantic, but he can't. He wants to be free. If he lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty like Li Bai and his life was not so difficult, then he must be a romantic poet who can stand side by side with Li Bai. But the ruthless reality made him become a realistic poet, so he repeatedly jumped between romance and reality, sometimes romantic, sometimes realistic, and it was difficult to locate. But it can also be said that he described the cold and cruel reality in a romantic way.
? But whether romantic or realistic, Li He will express his thoughts through allusions to ghosts and gods. It seems that these ghosts and gods are no longer the literary images written by Li He, but the spokesmen of Li He. Li He stood behind the scenes, silent, but relied on ghosts and gods to send us information. He said nothing, but he also said everything.
? The suffering of life is attached to his poems like gangrene. He wanted to laugh, but tears were already shining in the corner of his eyes. He wanted to cry, but his throat was hoarse. He is not only a dreamy soul in the cold rain, but also an immortal soul screaming at the top of the autumn grave. He is not only the epitome of sadness in the middle Tang Dynasty, but also the immortal Shi Gui in the history of China's poetry.