What are the undeveloped ancient villages in China?
Hongcun Hongcun is located in the northwest corner of Yixian County, 65km away from Tunxi and 1 1km away from Yixian County. The village was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of nearly a thousand years. This used to be the place where the king lived. The people in Guhong Village took the initiative to express "bionics" and planned and built a cow-shaped village and artificial water system, which can be called "one of the best in China". Now it has become a "miracle in the history of architecture". There are more than 40 well-preserved Ming and Qing ancient dwellings in the village/kloc-0. The folk palace "Chengzhitang" is magnificent and can be described as the oldest residential building in southern Anhui. Rows of overlapping courtyards in the village complement each other with beautiful lakes and mountains, with proper actions and ethereal meanings, which are full of scenery and pictures step by step.
Xidi
Xidi Village was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of 950 years. This is where the Hu family live together. The whole village is boat-shaped, surrounded by mountains, and two streams pass through the village. The streets and lanes in the village are all set along the stream and paved with bluestone. The whole village space is natural and smooth, and the movement is appropriate. The ancient buildings on both sides of the street are elegant and quaint. Xidi Village has 24 ancient dwellings in Ming and Qing Dynasties 124, and 3 ancestral halls, including Lingyun Pavilion, secretariat memorial archway, Ruiyu Pavilion, Taoli Garden, East Garden, West Garden, Dafudi, Dear Hall, Lvfutang Hall, Qingyunxuan Hall and Yingfutang Hall, all of which can be regarded as models of Huizhou ancient dwellings.
The three bluestone archways at the head of Xidi Village were built in the sixth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (AD 1578), with four columns and five floors. They are magnificent and exquisite in structure, which is a symbol of the prominent position of the Hu family. There is a "Lv Fu Tang" built in the Kangxi period in the village, which is elegantly furnished and full of scholarly atmosphere. The theme of the lecture is "writing poems and articles, filial piety is the foundation of the family", "Good reading is good for business, good results are good, and it is difficult to start a business, so it is difficult to know", showing the true nature of "Confucian businessmen"; Another ancient house in the village is "Dafudi", which was built in the 30th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 169 1) and is a pavilion-style building facing the street. It was originally used for sightseeing. There is an inscription "Take a step back and think" under the threshold, which is alert and chewy.
Hongcun
Hongcun was founded in Shao Xi period of Southern Song Dynasty (A.D.1190-1194). It used to be the place where the king lived, which lasted for more than 800 years. Backed by Yangzhanling and Leigang Mountain. , the terrain is higher, and it is often foggy, sometimes like heavy ink, and sometimes like freehand brushwork. It is really like a long scroll of slowly unfolding mountains and rivers, so it is known as "the country in Chinese painting".
The bull-shaped village and artificial water system planned and built by Guhong Village people are today's "great miracles in architectural history": the towering Leigang is a bull's head, the towering ancient trees are horns, and the scattered residential groups from east to west are like the body of a pet cow. Qingquan, named Niuchang, flows into the Moon Pool named Niuwei through the village, and then flows to the South Lake named Niudu outside the village after being filtered. People also set up four bridges as supports on rivers and streams around the village. This ingenious and scientific design of village water system not only solves the problem of villagers' fire-fighting water, but also regulates the temperature, which provides convenience for residents' production and living water, and creates a good environment of "there are clear springs in front of every household, so it is not necessary to prevent streams from being far away".
There are more than 40 well-preserved Ming and Qing ancient dwellings/kloc-0 in the village, which are simple and elegant and full of interest. "Chengzhitang" is magnificent and beautifully carved, which can be described as the oldest residential building in southern Anhui. The pavilions and pavilions of Nanhu Academy complement each other with lakes and mountains, and have the traditional Huizhou architectural style. Jingxiutang, Dongxiantang, Sanlitang and Renxutang are magnificent or simple and dignified. In addition, the towering ancient trees in the village, the old ivy on the residential wall and the century-old peony in the court can be said to be step by step and can be painted everywhere, which reflects the profound cultural heritage left by a long history.
Dongshan Ancient Village in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Province
Around the misty Taihu Lake, dozens of ancient villages, large and small, are scattered, witnessing the prosperity of Wu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, with the passage of time, the former prosperity of ancient villages has faded. Therefore, our film crew decided to look for these cultural relics lost in the dust of history.
Zhejiang Province
Nanxi river-Ancient Village
The ancient villages in nanxi river still retain the ancient cultural imprint, which runs through the cultural context of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. Village planning layout, architectural style, couplets inscriptions, and even village names and street names are full of context, especially the ancient village in nanxi river, which was planned in the Song Dynasty with clear planning ideas and has important value in the study of architectural history and planning history in China. The ancient villages in nanxi river, which are based on the ideas of "harmony between man and nature", "theory of qi", "eight diagrams" and the five elements of yin and yang, have preserved a large number of complete genealogies. These precious historical and cultural remains can give us a general understanding of the "farming and reading society" and "clan culture" in ancient China.
Looking at the ancient villages in nanxi river, there are generally several characteristics:
First of all, this village has a long history. According to the preserved village genealogy, Ming 'ao Village and Xiayuan Village were built in the late Tang Dynasty, with Linfeng Village, Huatan Village, Cangpo Village and Zhouzhai Village in the Five Dynasties, furong village Village, Xia Lang Village, Heyang Village and Qukou Village in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Yantou Village, Pengxi Village, Zhang Yu Village, Tangwan Village and Xikou Village in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Second, the planning is rigorous and harmonious. Almost every village has a walled gate, and the water system and streets of the whole village are in good order, including houses, courtyards, sacrifice centers, cultural centers, leisure centers and public gardens.
Third, the types of buildings are rich. Houses, ancestral halls, pavilions, pavilions, academies, fences and gates are all available.
Fourth, the architectural style is simple. There are not many deep houses in nanxi river ancient village, and there are no carved beams and painted buildings. Houses built with pebble logs are simple and real, natural and clear, natural and interesting, harmonious and cordial.
Fifth, a strong sense of environmental protection. Whether it is the site selection, planning and layout of villages or the design and construction of single buildings, it shows the strong environmental awareness and aesthetic ability of nanxi river ancestors, highlighting an environmental atmosphere in which man and nature live in harmony and blend with each other.
Sixth, the clan culture is outstanding. Each village is a relatively closed social unit, with a clan as the unit, usually one village with one surname or more villages with one surname. For example, Li lives in Cangpo and Fangxiang, Chen lives in Furong and Tanxia, and the flower beds are Zhu, Pengxi and Heyang are Xie, Ming 'ao and Hu. At the same time, each clan has its own strict patriarchal system; There are ancestral temples and other ancestral buildings, and the surname is compiled once every fifteen or sixteen years by heavenly stems and earthly branches.
Xianxia Yidao Ancient Village
The well-preserved Shipu ancient post road on Xianxia ancient road has a certain scale, and there are courtyards along the ancient road.
Tou, Guan, Luting, bridges, ancient villages and other historical and cultural remains are rich, and many intangible cultural heritages such as original ecological traditional crafts and miscellaneous dialects are preserved along the route, which is suitable for applying for world cultural heritage.
Taishun Langqiao Ancient Village
In history, many celebrities and sages moved to Taishun, a mountainous and inaccessible "Xanadu", to avoid disasters and chaos, and created local civilization with mountain and rural characteristics, leaving valuable historical and cultural heritage. Taishun covered bridge is one of the most outstanding representatives.
"Covered Bridge", as its name implies, is a bridge with eaves. Taishun in history has scattered villages and remote traffic. It is difficult for people to see people who walk more than ten miles. According to the "traffic planning" of Taishun ancestors, a rain pavilion for people to rest should be built at a certain distance on the roadside (slate road). Building eaves on the bridge can not only protect the bridge built of wood from the sun and rain, but also play the role of rain pavilion. Some covered bridges have temporary living rooms.
Dongxi Bridge was built 434 years ago, and the North Bridge has a history of 329 years. There is only a mile between the two bridges. Although the difference is a hundred years, it is said that it was built by Zhang Mentor in Jingning County. Because the appearance and internal structure of the two bridges are very similar, she is like a sister, so she is called "Bridge Sister". Both of them adopt double arch (the upper arch adopts square arch and the lower arch adopts round nine arch), and form a stable bridge based on the mechanical principles of penetration, overlapping, separation, support, jacking and extrusion. The arch toes at both ends are supported on the abutment on both sides, and the abutment is stacked on the cliffs on both sides with granite bricks. The two arches of the bridge also support the triangular wooden frame to strengthen the lateral force. In order to prevent wind and rain erosion, this structure is extremely ingenious. Bridge experts believe that among many wooden beams, there is no dummy wood, and each one has its own function. The ancients used trigonometry to build covered bridges, so nails and tenons were not needed for the main part. It seems simple, but they have withstood the test of typhoons and flash floods for three or four hundred years and are still safe and sound. This is the greatest science.
In addition, there is a little-known feature of Sixi Sister Bridge, that is, the horizontal moving average line of the two bridges is only a few meters apart during the dry season, and the three streams in the east, south and north meet in the middle of "Shangjiangyang" when flash floods occur. At this time, the water level is gentle, which counteracts the impulse of running water, thus greatly reducing the danger of bridge collapse. They have the functions of mutual restraint and mutual concern, making them "healthy and long-lived". Therefore, the Sister Bridge is unique in the world in terms of site selection, science, art and historical structure.