Who discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

Who discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors

Well-drilling team and "Wapen Master"

In 1974, when the noisy spring came to Lishan again At this time, the annual well drilling project in Xiyang Village began. On this day, production captain Yang Peiyan and deputy captain Yang Wenxue came to the west cliff in the corner of the persimmon garden in the southwest of the village. They looked at the valley entrance of Lishan Mountain for a while, and then looked around the surrounding terrain. Use a hoe to draw a large circle on a piece of ground covered with thistles. This is the location of the wellhead determined for the team to dig a well.

The next day, six young and middle-aged laborers, led by Yang Quanyi, started digging at the circled spot.

The project went smoothly at first, but unexpectedly, two days later, we encountered a layer of soil as hard as stone; when we dug to about 3 meters, another thick layer of red soil appeared. . It is simply incredible that red soil suddenly appeared under a layer of soil 3 meters deep. The farmer guessed: "Is this a brick kiln owned by our ancestors?"

On the fifth day, an even more bizarre sight appeared. Yang Zhifa, who was swinging a hoe, suddenly found a round-mouthed pottery at the foot of the west wall of the shaft. "Ah, an earthen pot!" he exclaimed.

What was dug out in the end was not an earthen pot at all, but a "Wa basin master". In Mandarin terms, a clay statue of a god was dug up.

The news that "a statue of a god was unearthed in Xiyang Village" spread like wildfire in Fangyuan Village, and people came to watch it. The young man jokingly said: "This really corresponds to the folk song in 1958, digging into the Crystal Palace of the Dragon King." The old man looked at it horizontally and vertically and said: "This must be the Eighteen Arhats underground!"...

While everyone was making a fuss over the newly unearthed "Wapen Master", a water conservation worker from the commune named Fang Shumin came to inspect and drill the well.

"How come you have drilled this well for so many days and still no water comes out?" asked the water conservation officer.

"Look, we have created such a thing." The cadre and club member pointed to a figurine head to show him.

"Ah, what is this?" The water conservator was stunned at first. But after carefully observing the well-drilling site, he quickly warned: "This well can no longer be drilled for the time being."

"Look, these square bricks are not the same as those unearthed near the Mausoleum of the First Emperor." Are the bricks from the Qin Dynasty exactly the same!" This conservationist with some knowledge of archeology connected these pottery figurines with the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum 5 miles away for the first time.

"Probably a national treasure"

After receiving the call from the water conservation officer, three comrades from the county cultural center rushed over immediately. There is a man about 40 years old named Zhao Kangmin, who specializes in cultural relics. After carefully inspecting these "Wapen Masters", he said decisively: "What Wabas Master, it is probably a national treasure!" As he said that, he took out a stack of hemp paper he had brought with him and carefully folded the relatively intact ones. The head, body and legs of the figurine were all bandaged and put on the cart. Then he asked the cadres and members to use a sieve to sift through the pile of red soil mixed with pottery fragments next to the wellhead so that every fragment could be collected and sent to the county cultural center together with the crossbow arrowheads. The members who were curious at first and then happy couldn't help asking when they sent Zhao Kangmin back to the county: "Are these gadgets from the Qin Dynasty?" Zhao Kangmin said excitedly: "It's hard to say now. If they are from the Qin Dynasty If so, it’s worth a lot of money!”

The next day, six carts of pottery figurine fragments arrived at the Lintong County Cultural Center. Therefore, the restoration work of the first batch of extra-large pottery figurines, which are rare in all museums around the world, began in a corner of the showroom of this small cultural center next to the famous Huaqing Pool in Lishan Mountain.

Find the pieces together and glue them together with resin glue according to the original stitches. Even the girl's embroidery cannot be more detailed than it. The young archaeologist groped day and night and worked carefully. He wanted to use his own hands to repair the cultural relics. After he found out what was going on, he would report it in writing.

In this way, the information about the discovery of this important cultural relic was not known to the outside world for more than two months.

Reporter's Insight

During this period, a reporter named Lin Anwen, who worked for China News Service, returned to his hometown of Lintong County to visit relatives. In this way, the restoration work that Zhao Kangmin managed poorly and was unknown to the outside world came into the sight of this reporter.

"Ah, why is such an important discovery not reported?" the reporter asked, looking at a preliminarily repaired armor figurine and two short brown figurines.

"I haven't fully understood it yet, so how should I report it?" The young archaeologist also made sense.

On June 24, Lin Anwen returned to Beijing after her family leave. The next day, the reporter couldn't restrain his excitement, wrote a report on the situation, and handed it to the editorial department of "People's Daily". This is the first internal written report on this amazing discovery. The reporter is not as meticulous and rigorous as the archaeologists. Based on his own intuitive judgment, he simply titled it "A Group of Qin Dynasty Warrior Pottery Figurines Appeared in the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang". He wrote:

"A group of warrior pottery figurines were unearthed near the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin at the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. The pottery figurines are 1.68 meters tall, wearing military uniforms and holding weapons. They are in accordance with the Qin Dynasty

"Pottery figurines have been unearthed around the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang before, but they were all small kneeling figurines. This is the first time that such real-life statues have been discovered. . What is particularly precious is that this is a group of warriors. Qin Shihuang unified China by force, but the image of Qin Dynasty soldiers is not recorded in history books. These warrior pottery figurines were accidentally discovered by local commune members while digging wells in March and April this year. It is inferred from the unearthed conditions that houses were built on top of the pottery figurines at that time. Later, it was burned by Xiang Yu, the house collapsed, and it was buried for more than two thousand years. This batch of cultural relics was cleaned and excavated by the Lintong County Cultural Center. So far, only part of it has been cleaned up. The excavation work was stopped midway due to the summer harvest. …”

Take prompt measures

Once this internal information was issued, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and leading comrades of relevant central departments quickly learned of this important news. In just a few days, the personal instructions of Comrade ***, Vice Premier of the State Council, arrived at the State Administration of Cultural Heritage:

“It is recommended that the Cultural Affairs Bureau consult with the Shaanxi Provincial Committee to take measures quickly to properly protect this important site. cultural relics. "

The leading cadres and staff of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, who were still in the dark about this important discovery, seemed to have a "sense of dereliction of duty" after seeing this instruction. They quickly picked up the phone. After contacting the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Management Commission, the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Management Commission was also at a loss. So, on July 6, Chen Zhide, director of the Cultural Relics Management Division of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and others came directly with the important instructions from Vice Premier ***. Flying to Xi'an.

After Chen Zhide and others arrived in Xi'an, after talking with relevant leading comrades of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, they were accompanied by comrades from the Provincial Cultural Management Committee and came to the scene the next day. After a small-scale excavation, a group of warrior figurines were found standing in the pit. The experts were indescribably surprised when they arrived at the site. Although they often travel all over the world and have extensive knowledge and experience of cultural relics, at this moment. When they stood in front of these "giants of pottery figurines", they were so excited that they didn't know what to say.

During this inspection, it was officially determined that the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee would appoint comrades with experience in excavation work to form the archaeological work. The team continued to carefully clean up and excavate the site. According to this decision, on July 15, the Qin Terracotta Warriors Archaeological Team composed of the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Administration Commission, the Archaeological Research Institute and other units came to Xiyang Village. Since then, a magnificent page in the history of international archaeology has been unveiled.

The "Eighth Wonder"

The official excavation of the Qin Terracotta Warriors first shocked the country.

Artists with drawing boards came, and they were glad that the discovery of the Qin Terracotta Warriors had filled a gap in the art history of the Qin Dynasty; old marshals and generals came, and they looked at Wu Gou with a smile and said that the discovery of the Qin Terracotta Warriors was a great opportunity for the study of ancient Chinese art of war. , weapons and military formations, providing the most authentic information and scenes; experienced metallurgists came, pressed the Qin sword with their hands, and exclaimed the absolute superb and unparalleled metallurgy of ancient China; some people who have always admired the art of ancient Greek sculpture Scholars and experts came, changing the conventional wisdom of the past, and believed that the meticulous plastic art of Qin Terracotta Warriors can be called the earliest and most glorious chapter in the history of world sculpture... The news quickly crossed the borders and spread to some friendly countries. Many foreign guests who came to Xi'an specifically stated that they wanted to see the Qin Terracotta Warriors to make their trip to China worthwhile. Many foreign friends call visiting the Qin Terracotta Warriors the "peak event" of their visit to China. And foreign friends who were lucky enough to visit the Qin Terracotta Warriors kept shouting: "China is great!" Mr. Chirac, the mayor, faced the Qin Dynasty terracotta warriors and horses, and he was overjoyed and said: "It turns out that there are seven wonders in the world. After seeing the Qin Terracotta Warriors today, I would say this is the eighth wonder." He slapped his finger again. Gesture, he made a strong supplement without saying anything: "And the Qin Terracotta Warriors should be among the best!"

Over the past 7 years, foreign friends have taken pictures of the Qin Terracotta Warriors, the "eighth wonder" of the world. Those who draw pictures, write interview notes and academic articles, some want to write historical documents and film scripts, some write outlines for feature films based on the excavation of Qin Terracotta Warriors, some volunteer to come and participate in the excavation, and some request to send their sons. Some came to the excavation site to study archeology, and some were willing to contribute their advanced science and technology to the restoration of Qin Terracotta Warriors. ... We also have to allow the Qin Dynasty terracotta warriors and horse warriors to meet with some European countries and their people to thank the people of these countries for their yearning for the Qin Terracotta Warriors.

A miracle, a miracle, indeed a miracle! The area of ​​pit No. 1 that is currently being excavated alone is 14,260 square meters. In this rectangular pit to the west and east are more than 6,400 terracotta warriors and horses that are exactly the same size as real horses. Its formation is a large military formation with 210 people as the forward, 38 columns as the main body, and 3 queues as the flanks and rearguards. Pit No. 2, immediately to the north, has an area of ​​6,000 square meters after preliminary drilling and trial excavation, in which it is estimated that there will be a mixed force of more than 1,000 terracotta warriors (including crossbowmen, chariot soldiers, and cavalry). In Pit No. 3, after drilling and trial excavation, 68 terracotta warriors and horses, mainly military officers, were also discovered. Judging from the entire layout, Pit No. 3 is undoubtedly the headquarters of this underground imperial army. Interestingly, there is another pit of figurines to the north of these three pits. After drilling, this pit is empty. It may be that a sudden disaster occurred in the building, and the prisoners evacuated in a hurry and failed to place the terracotta warriors and horses inside as originally planned, thus forming an "empty city strategy."

Standing on the bank of Xiyang Village, looking at the huge terracotta pits and the imposing military formations, how can you not be "awe-inspiring"! At the same time, one cannot help but marvel at the rich ideas and majestic spirit of Li Si and Zhang Han who were responsible for the design and construction of this great underground civil engineering project at that time! There are more than 7,000 warrior figurines with different costumes, different expressions, heavy colors (the colors often fall off after being unearthed), and holding spears in their hands. It makes people imagine how hard the ancient artists and working people paid for it. O labor and creative wisdom! There is no doubt that when all the terracotta warriors and horses are unearthed, restored, and arranged in the future, we will see a side of the Qin army's lineup that "attacked millions and rode thousands of chariots" more than 2,000 years ago. Just imagine, when we review an ancient army that was ready to go in the second century BC in the time and space of the 20th century, can we say it is not an exciting miracle and spectacle?

People should remember the time when this miracle was discovered: March 29, 1974 AD. People should also thank the discoverers of this miracle: ordinary Chinese farmers Yang Zhifa, Yang Yanxin, Yang Quanyi, Yang Gaojian, Yang Xueyan, Yang Xinman, and Wang Puzhi.

Who discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors?

On March 29, 1974, Xiyang Village, a remote village east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Yanzhai Commune (now Yanzhai Township), Lintong County, Shaanxi Province (now Lintong District, Xi'an City) , several native villagers dug wells in the south of the village to fight drought, and dug out several broken pottery figurines. Since then, an archaeological discovery that shocked the world has been unveiled. Who is the owner of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, and whose burial warriors are the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

Qin Shihuang Who discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

Farmer Yang Zhifa.

The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses was accidentally discovered by local farmer Yang Zhifa in March 1974 when he was digging a well. They loaded the excavated figurine heads and pottery fragments into two carts, took them to the county at starry night, and handed them over to the county cultural center. The curator was indeed an expert. After carefully looking at it, he judged that it was a cultural relic from more than 2,000 years ago. He was overjoyed and immediately accepted the cultural relic. In order to thank these two farmers, he touched all over his body, took out all his salary for that month, more than 30 yuan, and gave it to the Yang brothers.

Yang Zhifa was later appointed as the honorary curator of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, with a monthly salary of 8,000 yuan. He was over 70 years old.

If Yang Zhifa sat in the museum for ten days a month, he would be a good person for Chinese and foreign tourists. If you sign, you will also receive an additional 5,000 yuan

subsidy. Who is the real owner of the Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors?

In 1974, a rare pit of Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses was discovered in Xiyang Village, Lintong County, Xi'an. After careful exploration and research, it was determined that the pit of figurines was buried in the tomb of Qin Shihuang, and the life-size pottery figurines in the pit were the heroic troops who followed Qin Shihuang to conquer all directions and unify the six kingdoms. However, a man named Chen Jingyuan disagreed with this view. He raised various doubts that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses belonged to Qin Shihuang.

So, in his mind, who is the real owner of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

Question 1: The pit of terracotta warriors is so far away from the Qin Mausoleum. Does it belong to Qin Shihuang?

It was early November 1974. Chen Jingyuan went to the Nanjing Museum for business. The comrades at the museum told Chen Jingyuan the news about the discovery of the terracotta warriors and horses. Chen Jingyuan, who has always had a strong interest in the Qin Mausoleum, went to Xi'an to investigate.

Chen Jingyuan is an ordinary scholar in architecture who worked in the Jiangsu Provincial Land and Resources Bureau before retiring. In the tent of the archaeological team at the Terracotta Warriors and Horses excavation site, Chen Jingyuan was lucky enough to meet Professor Yuan Zhongyi, the leader of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses archaeological team and the former curator of Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Warriors and Horses. However, it was from this meeting that the differences in academic views between Chen Jingyuan and Yuan Zhongyi began.

Chen Jingyuan discovered a major doubt during this inspection in Xi'an: the shortest distance from Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum to the Terracotta Warriors Pit is 1.5 kilometers. If the width of the Terracotta Warriors Pit itself is added in, the distance is even further. Logically speaking, who would place a burial pit so far away? Lishan is a geomantic treasure land. In addition to the Qin Mausoleum, other tombs are often found in the surrounding area. Since the density of tombs in this area is relatively high, how can we be sure that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were buried with Qin Shihuang?

He wrote out these questions and forwarded them to the archaeological team, hoping to get a convincing explanation, but he did not receive a reply.

So why hasn’t Yuan Zhongyi replied? In fact, in Yuan Zhongyi's opinion, he had already answered Chen Jingyuan's questions when he and Chen Jingyuan met for the first time. Yuan Zhongyi said that the Qin Mausoleum covers a vast area. In addition to the underground palace, it is also surrounded by an inner city and an outer city. Although the Terracotta Warriors and Horses appear to be far away from the Qin Mausoleum outside the outer city, their distance is proportional in terms of area. Chen Jingyuan was still unwilling to accept this explanation. Finally, he found several more strong pieces of evidence.

Question 2: Why did Qin Shihuang leave his iron weapons unused and choose to be buried with backward bronze weapons?

In Pit No. 1 and No. 2 of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, a large number of infantry were arranged in neat rows and large squares around the chariots. Chen Jingyuan deduced from this that the chariots were the main force of this army.

However, from the Yin and Zhou Dynasties until the Spring and Autumn Period, as the scale of war continued to expand, the weaknesses of chariot warfare were gradually exposed, and the left side was often taken care of but not the right side.

So, would Qin Shihuang still use a large number of backward chariots in battles?

Chen Jingyuan pointed out that after Qin Shihuang came to power, successive years of war forced him to optimize and adjust the structure of the army, using a large number of cavalry and infantry to make it lighter and easier to fight. Judging from this point, the army in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit should not be Qin Shihuang's army, and it must be older.

In this regard, Yuan Zhongyi believes that just because a chariot appears in a pit of terracotta warriors, it cannot be denied that it belongs to Qin Shihuang. At present, there is no clear written record that the Qin State banned chariots. Although the chariot has its limitations, when two armies are fighting, its advantages in speed and impact are unmatched by infantry and cavalry. The military formation in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is an example of the organic combination of chariots, cavalry and infantry.

Chen Jingyuan obviously did not agree with this explanation. He pointed out another doubtful point: many bulky bronze weapons were found in the pit of warriors. Qin Shihuang, a king who was good at conquering and unifying the six countries, would let go Instead of using advanced iron weapons, should we choose to be buried with backward and bulky bronze weapons? This is obviously contrary to common sense.

Regarding this point of view, Yuan Zhongyi believes that there is a process for iron weapons to replace copper weapons, because the popularization of smelting technology takes a certain amount of time. Therefore, judging from the current archaeological data, the weapons unearthed in the Qin Dynasty are basically copper weapons, and there are very few iron weapons. Only two or three pieces have been unearthed in the entire Qin Mausoleum. Therefore, it is inconsistent with the actual situation to think that iron weapons replaced copper weapons.

Question 3: Qin Shihuang’s powerful master didn’t even wear a helmet?

Chen Jingyuan’s doubts are not over yet: Since Qin Shihuang’s army is a strong force that can unify the six countries, it should also be first-class in terms of equipment. However, these terracotta warriors in the pit of terracotta warriors Without any helmet protection. It is unimaginable that this kind of crude weapon can win victory on the battlefield of close combat.

Indeed, archaeologists discovered a stone armor pit near the Qin Mausoleum. From the assembled stone helmets, we seem to see the mighty and heroic appearance of the Qin army. The strange thing is that since the Qin army is equipped with helmets, why doesn't anyone in the terracotta warriors wear them?

Yuan Zhongyi believed that the Qin people were born in the wilderness of the northwest, were martial in nature, and lived mixed with nomadic peoples. Moreover, at that time, Shang Yang formulated a set of strict laws for Qin that no other country could tolerate: as long as Qin soldiers captured an enemy's head, they could obtain a first-level title, a farm and a house, and several servants. Perhaps driven by this kind of interest, the martial Qin army simply took off their heavy helmets and heavy armor and rushed to the battlefield to kill. "Historical Records" also describes this behavior of the Qin army: The Qin army on the battlefield turned out to be bare-chested and shirtless, and even took off his only armor.

Chen Jingyuan’s doubts about the Terracotta Warriors and Horses did not end there.

Question 4: Do the strange writings on the terracotta warriors and horses imply that the terracotta warriors and horses belong to the Queen Mother Qin Xuan?

In 1975, a picture in the "Brief No. 1 of the Test Excavation of Qin Terracotta Pit in Lintong County" caught Chen Jingyuan's attention. This picture is a regional representation of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, with a strange text engraved on it: . Although Chen Jingyuan is no stranger to Qin characters, this is the first time he has seen such strange characters.

In the "Trial Excavation Briefing" written by the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Archaeological Team, experts explained this word as the word "spleen". Chen Jingyuan disagreed. He read through the "Jin Wen Bian" compiled by Rong Geng and the "Gu Zhen Compilation" compiled by Xu Wenjing, and found that there are many ways to write the word "base" that forms the right half of the word "spleen". But among the many glyphs, none of them fit the character in the pit.

It was this word that led to Chen Jingyuan’s astonishing discovery of the owners of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses.

In 1976, Chen Jingyuan ran to Xi'an after learning about the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Xi'an. In the office of the Xi'an Cultural Management Committee, the person in charge carefully took out a Qin Dynasty barrel tile and showed it to Chen Jingyuan. This tile is also engraved with a strange character. Chen Jingyuan does not recognize the character on the left, but the character "month" on the right can still be easily identified. Chen Jingyuan returned to Nanjing, where he lived, with the copied characters. However, in the next two years, he was at a loss when faced with the vast sea of ​​ancient characters.

By chance, Chen Jingyuan met Professor Duan Xizhong, an expert on ancient writing at Nanjing Normal University, in the library. After careful inspection, Professor Duan believes that the character on the left side of the barrel tiles in the Qin Dynasty is a variant of "mi" (bi). This should be two single characters, pronounced "Miyue". This eliminated the long-standing confusion in Chen Jingyuan's mind. The word "Mi" was no stranger to him. The Queen Mother Qin Xuan, the grandmother of Qin Shihuang and the concubine of King Qin Huiwen, had the surname "Mi". Therefore, Chen Jingyuan concluded that the owner of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses was not Qin Shihuang, but his grandmother, Queen Mother Qin Xuan. Yuan Zhongyi believes that words cannot be broken down in this way. After a word is broken down, its meaning will be completely different.

Question 5

The people of Qin were black, so why are the clothes of the terracotta warriors colorful?

The expert's explanation seemed to disappoint Chen Jingyuan, but he also presented an unexpected piece of evidence - the people of Qin valued black, but the clothes of the warriors and warriors were colorful.

During the excavation, some paint remained on many of the figurines, and judging from the location and color of the paint, their clothes were colorful. During the time when Qin Shihuang lived, the theory of the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth was very popular. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty advocated the virtue of fire. After Qin Shihuang destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, he thought that his water had conquered the fire of the Zhou Dynasty, so he regarded the virtue of water as an object of worship. In the Qin Dynasty, the color corresponding to water in the Five Elements was black. Qin Shihuang also promulgated "Shanghei" as a decree. In this case, it is difficult to explain the colorfully dressed warriors unearthed from the pit of warriors if they were placed in the era of Qin Shihuang, but if they were placed in the era of Empress Dowager Xuan, they will be reasonably explained.

However, Yuan Zhongyi believes that the fact that the Qin Dynasty still favored black only shows that the people of Qin value black and require black clothes to be worn on important occasions. It does not mean that the people of the country cannot wear clothes of other colors. Chen Jingyuan felt that Yuan Zhongyi lacked direct and strong evidence. So, faced with Chen Jingyuan’s repeated questions, what was Yuan Zhongyi thinking?

Question 6

Why was Ge buried with him found in the silt layer?

Yuan Zhongyi said that many weapons of the Qin Dynasty were unearthed in Pit No. 1. Among them, the surface of a weapon called "Ge" was clearly engraved with the inscription "Lü Buwei Ge, prime minister for five years".

Lu Buwei was the prime minister of Qin Shihuang, and one of his responsibilities was to be responsible for the production of weapons. Chen Jingyuan pointed out that in the archaeological report of the Terracotta Warriors Pit, five weapons with the words "Xiangbang Lu Buwei" were mentioned, and other weapons had no clear age marks. For example, some Qin Dynasty weapons called "beryllium" were unearthed from the pits of the figurines. These weapons were only marked with "seventeenth year" and "eighteenth year". It is difficult to judge which historical period they belong to based on this alone. Lu Buwei only served for 10 years and died when Qin Shihuang was 12 years old. Therefore, the copper beryllium marked "Sixteenth Year" definitely does not refer to "Lü Buwei's Sixteenth Year". From this, it can be inferred that except for the five weapons engraved with the inscription "Lü Buwei, Prime Minister", the other weapons without clear dates should not be Made during the Qin Shihuang era.

Yuan Zhongyi pointed out that inscriptions with the word "Temple Worker" can be seen on many weapons. Temple Works is a national institution established by Qin Shi Huang to manufacture weapons, chariots and horses. This clearly shows that the terracotta warriors and horses were built during the Qin Shi Huang period and their owner is Qin Shi Huang.

Chen Jingyuan took out a photo to support his point of view. This photo revealed a little secret when "Lü Buwei Ge" was unearthed - it was not unearthed on the floor tiles of the figurine pit, but on the ground outside the pit. The floor tiles were found some distance from the silt layer. If "Ge" is in the same era as the pit of figurines, why did it not appear on the floor tiles of the pit, but instead ran to the silt layer 29 cm to 250 cm away from the floor tiles?

In this regard, Experts on terracotta warriors and horses said that the bronze gun was originally held by the terracotta warriors in a suspended position. In the past 2000 years, the silt layer may have formed in the pit due to the influx of large amounts of water due to natural causes such as ground seepage and flooding. One day, the suspended copper Ge lost its carrier and fell to the mud layer. Experts have given an almost perfect explanation to this issue, and the discussion about who is the owner of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses seems to have a clear result.

Although the archaeological work of the pit of warriors has not yet ended, as the process continues to advance, the fog shrouding the Qin Mausoleum will gradually fade away, and what will be presented to everyone will be a magnificent collection. underground kingdom.

The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses were discovered recently

In March 1974, farmers in Xiyang Village, Lishan Town, Lintong County, while digging a well 1.5 kilometers east of the tomb, discovered several The broken, life-size pottery figurines made of clay were rediscovered after exploration and trial excavation by the Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Team. Hello, who is the owner of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

Formerly Qin Shihuang. Now it's Chinese.

In March 1974, Mr. Yang Zhifa, a villager in Xiyang Village east of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin, was digging a well to fight drought. He discovered a large-scale settlement between Xiahe Village and Wula Village, three miles east of the Mausoleum. The largest terracotta warriors and horses pit in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was excavated by archaeologists and revealed the treasure of Qin warriors buried more than 2,000 years ago.

In 1975, the state decided to build a museum on the original site of the pit. On October 1, 1979, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shi Huang began to be displayed to domestic and foreign visitors.

Terracotta Warriors and Horses

At around 1:00 pm on June 13, 2009, the third large-scale excavation of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Pit No. 1 of Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum began. Later, another large-scale excavation was unearthed in the northern middle section of Pit No. 1. The painted terracotta warriors and horses were unfortunately oxidized and discolored soon after they were unearthed.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are one of the greatest discoveries in the history of world archaeology. Four pits of the warriors and horses have been discovered.

The Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum is the largest ancient military museum in China.

In 1981, the State Council of the People's Republic of China designated the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang as a national key cultural relic protection unit. The first comprehensive archaeological survey of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum began.

In 1982, archaeologists drew the first floor plan of the cemetery. After detection, it was found that the cemetery covers an area of ​​56.25 square kilometers, equivalent to nearly 78 Forbidden City, which caused a sensation in the archaeological community.

In 1987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were hailed as the "Eighth Wonder of the World." The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin made all Chinese people proud. People all over the world are amazed!

In December 2012, the collaborative research between the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum and the School of Archaeology, University of London, was listed as one of the most outstanding archaeological research results in 2012.

On March 9, 2015, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang were exhibited at the Tokyo National Museum and other places to further spread Chinese culture and promote Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.

In April 2015, with the approval of the state, Pit No. 2, which had been sealed for many years, will be officially excavated for the second time.

Please adopt if you are satisfied. Who built the Qin Terracotta Warriors?

According to "Historical Records": Qin Shihuang began building the cemetery when he ascended the throne at the age of 13. Prime Minister Li Si presided over the planning and design, and General Zhang Han supervised the construction. The construction took 38 years.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum is the burial pit of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum, located 1,500 meters east of the cemetery. The burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are located from west to east, with three pits arranged in a "pin" shape. The earliest discovery was the No. 1 Terracotta Warriors Pit, which is rectangular, 230 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south, and about 5 meters deep. It has a total area of ​​14,260 square meters. It has slope doorways on all sides and a terracotta warriors and horses pit on the left and right sides. It is now called Pit No. 2 and Pit No. 3. The layout of the pit is reasonable and the structure is unique. At the bottom of the pit, which is about 5 meters deep, an east-west load-bearing wall is erected every 3 meters. The terracotta warriors and horses stalls are in the passage holes.