Briefly describe the fate and mentality of Zhuge Liang, Lu You, Wen Tianxiang, and Wang Anshi, thank you~~Urgent
Zhuge Liang (181-234 AD), Han nationality, named Kongming, also known as Wolong layman. An outstanding prime minister, politician, strategist, essayist, and diplomat of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Historical records record that he was eight feet tall, which is about 1.84 meters today. Zhuge Liang's birthday: Xinyou, Bingshen, Guichou, Dingsi.
Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu County, Langye County (now Yinan, Shandong Province) in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (181 AD). County) an official's home. The Zhuge family is a prominent family in Langxie, and their ancestor Zhuge Feng once served as Sili Xiaowei (chief of the garrison of the capital) during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, whose courtesy name was Jungong, served as the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died of illness when he was 3 years old, and his father died when he was 8 years old (one theory is that he lost his mother when he was 9 years old, and his father when he was 12 years old). Together with his sister and younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed by Yuan Shu as the prefect of Yuzhang, to Yuzhang. . The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, so Zhuge Xuan went to join his old friend Liu Biao, the pastor of Jingzhou.
In the second year of Jian'an (197 AD), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his siblings lost their livelihood, so they moved to Nanyang. The 17-year-old Zhuge Liang, his friend Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Shui Jing, Sima Hui. He saw that Liu Biao was incompetent and not the master of the world, so he settled in Longzhong Mountain, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and lived in seclusion until the time came. This happened in 197 AD. Zhuge Liang has lived in seclusion in Longzhong for ten years. He has made many friends with famous people in the south of the Yangtze River. He "always compares himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi". He loves to sing "Liang Fu Yin" and has friends with Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Sima Hui, Huang Chengyan, Shi Guangyuan and Cui Zhouping. , Xu Shu and other celebrities. His intelligence is recognized by everyone and he has the ambition to bring order to the world. He paid close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knew the world situation well. Known as "Wolong". Marry Huang Chengyan's daughter as his wife.
In the twelfth year of Jian'an (AD 207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times, met with Zhuge Liang, and asked about the plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation at the time incisively and proposed to capture Jing and Yi first. As a base, he reformed politics internally, united with Sun Quan externally, pacified the Yi and Yue in the south, and reconciled with the Rong in the west. Waiting for the opportunity, he sent troops from both directions to the north to unify the country's strategic thinking. This conversation is the famous "Longzhong Dui". After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts suddenly became enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talent was rare, so he sincerely asked Zhuge Liang to come out and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang then went out to assist Liu Bei and joined forces with Sun Yat-sen to fight against Cao Cao. Cao's army was defeated in the Battle of Chibi. The three kingdoms formed a tripartite force and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian'an, Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and captured Hanzhong. In the twenty-sixth year, Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister to preside over the government.
In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong'an. He called Zhuge Liang to pay attention to the funeral and said: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You will be able to stabilize the country and achieve great things. If you have an heir, If you can assist him, you can assist him; if he is not talented, you can become the master of Chengdu." Zhuge Liang cried hurriedly: "I will do my best to assist each other, and I will be loyal to you until I die!" The emperor ascended the throne.
Liu Chan, the later lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was named the Marquis of Wuxiang and led the pastoral care of Yizhou. The Prime Minister's Office was established to handle daily affairs. At that time, all military, political, and financial matters in the country were decided by Zhuge Liang, with strict rewards and punishments. Externally, it formed an alliance with Soochow, and internally, it improved relations with all ethnic groups in the southwest, implemented farming, and strengthened war preparations. In the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Liu Chan led his army to Hanzhong and made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains. Most of them were spent on food but without success. In the twelfth year, he finally became ill due to overwork and died of illness. In the original army of Wuzhang, he entrusted Jiang Wei with his funeral affairs.
Zhuge Liang was an orthodox thinker who upheld feudal principles and advocated Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang did not adhere to Confucian dogma. He respected the king but did not resist the barbarians, and marched into the south. In the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang implemented the best national policy in the Three Kingdoms, and became a model for later generations with his spirit of "devoting his life and dying".
China has portrayed Zhuge Liang as a leader for thousands of years. The embodiment of wisdom, Zhuge Liang's legendary story has been passed down to the world. He was skilled in strategy, resourceful, and good at thinking. He once innovated the "Liannu", which can fire 10 arrows continuously; he also made the "Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse" to facilitate military transportation in the mountains. The Art of War, "Eight Formations".
Wen Tianxiang, courtesy name Song Rui and nickname Wenshan, was born in 1236 in a landlord family in Futian Village, Chunhua Township, Luling, Jiangxi (now south of Ji'an, Jiangxi). He also attached great importance to his children's studies and tried to hire famous teachers to teach him. No matter whether it was cold or hot, Wen Tianxiang would read, write, and talk about the past and the present with his brother in a study full of aphorisms.
When he was 18 years old. , Wen Tianxiang won the first place in the Luling Township School Examination. At the age of 20, he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he was selected as a tribute scholar in Jizhou and went to Lin'an (now Hangzhou) with his father to take the exam.
During the palace examination, he made "imperial examination strategies" that addressed current issues, proposed reform plans, and expressed political ambitions. He was praised by the examiner as "loyal to the emperor and patriotic as strong as iron." Emperor Lizong personally designated him as the number one scholar among 601 Jinshi 4. Unfortunately, Queen Mother's father died of illness, and Wen Tianxiang returned home to mourn for three years.
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), whose courtesy name was Jiefu, later nicknamed Banshan, and whose nickname was Badger Lang, was granted the title of Duke of Jing, and was also known as Wang Jinggong. A native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Shangchiliyang Village, Dongxiang County, Fuzhou), he was an outstanding politician, thinker, and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a family of small officials. Father Yi, also known as Shuizhi, was a military judge in Linjiang and served several prefecture and county magistrates in various places in the north and south throughout his life. Anshi was good at reading, had a strong memory, and received a good education. In the second year of Qingli (1042), he ranked fourth in the Jinshi list of Yangzhen. He successively served as Huainan judge, Yinxian magistrate, Shuzhou Tongpan, Changzhou magistrate, Tidian Jiangdong prison and other local officials. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Shenzong ascended the throne and ordered Anshi to be informed of Jiangning Mansion, and he was summoned to become a Hanlin bachelor. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. From the third year of Xining, he was appointed Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi twice to implement new laws. After Xining resigned as prime minister in the ninth year, he lived in seclusion and died of illness in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province), with a posthumous title of Wen. He was hailed by Lenin as "China's eleventh century reformer".