Scientists develop lightweight fiber with both strength and toughness
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When it comes to man-made fibers, they can generally be strong or tough, but not both. However, a new material developed by scientists at the University of Bayreuth in Germany is said to have both properties.
In short, strength is the ability to withstand force without permanent deformation, while toughness is the ability to withstand force without breaking. The new fiber reportedly not only combines these two properties, but is also extremely lightweight and fully recyclable.
Each fiber is about the width of a hair and is made up of up to 4,000 much smaller fibers made from an industrial polymer called polyacrylonitrile. These smaller fibers, called fibrils, are produced through an electrospinning process. They are bonded together lengthwise using a small amount of polyethylene glycol bisazide.
The result is that a single fiber is composed of many connected fibrils. The fiber is stretched and heated, then cooled for several hours - still in a stretched state. The finished product is said to have qualities similar to spider silk. A short fiber can be used to lift up to 30 grams repeatedly without breaking or permanently stretching. The researchers now hope that once the technology develops further, the "multi-fiber polyacrylonitrile fibers" could find applications in areas such as textiles, aerospace or medicine.
Chief Scientist Professor Andreas Greiner said: "We are certain that our results open the door to new, forward-looking materials. These are expected to have practical applications in industry in the near future. In In polymer science, our fibers will be able to provide valuable services to further research and development of high-performance functional materials."
A paper on the research was recently published in the journal Science. From Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, RWTH Aachen University, Jülich Research Center, Fraunhofer Institute for Materials and Systems Microstructure in Germany, Jiangxi Normal University in China and ETH Zurich in Switzerland scientists also participated in the study.
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