Structure of leaf cells of Osmunda japonica Thunb.
(2) We call convex lens-shaped pores formed between guard cells stomata. Guard cells are thinner on the ventral side and thicker on the dorsal side. When absorbing water, the guard cells expand and the two cells separate, while when the guard cells lose water, the stomata open and close. In gas metabolism such as respiration and transpiration, stomata become channels for air and water vapor, and their throughput is regulated by the opening and closing of guard cells, which has important physiological significance and is called.
(3) Veins contain mechanical tissues that support the leaves, so that the leaves stretch in the air, which is conducive to receiving light and carrying out photosynthesis. Veins also contain conduits for transporting water and inorganic salts and sieve tubes for transporting organic matter, which have transport functions. These vascular bundles are distributed to all parts of the leaf through the petiole. They are called the "skeleton" of leaves and have the functions of support and transportation.
(4) In the leaf structure, mesophyll near the upper epidermis is palisade tissue, with dense cell arrangement, more chloroplasts and darker color; Near the lower epidermis is the spongy tissue of mesophyll, with loose cell arrangement, few chloroplasts and light color. These characteristics of cell arrangement are beneficial to photosynthesis of leaves.
(5) The protective structures with closely arranged cells in the figure are ① upper epidermis and ⑤ lower epidermis, both of which are composed of a layer of colorless and transparent cells with a translucent and impermeable stratum corneum on the outer wall.
So the answer is: (1) fence organization; Sponge tissue; Mesophyll; (2) stomata; Gas exchange; Guard cells; (3) support; Transmission; (4) the fence layer; Sponge layer; (5) upper epidermis; Lower epidermis; Corneal layer