I've seen the wolf totem.
I. Introduction to the author
Jiang Rong (pen name): 58 years old. Height1.78m. Beijingers. A researcher at a university in Beijing. Main business: political economy, mainly political science. 1967 1 1 Volunteer to jump the queue in the Oroqen grassland in Inner Mongolia. It is the first batch of educated youth who go to the countryside in China. At that time, the nationwide movement of "going to the countryside" had not yet started, and it was Mao Zedong who called for "educated youth going to the countryside" in February 1968. 1978 back to the city. 1979 was admitted to the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. I was 2 1 year old when I went to the countryside. I just graduated from high school and belong to the old three realms. I stayed in that grassland 1 1 year, from 2 1 to 33 years old, the whole youth.
Jiang Rong: "My ancestral name is Jiang. My grandfather's surname is Jiang. My father's surname is not Jiang. My pen name comes from this sentence in A General History of China: "The surname Jiang ... Jiang is a branch of the Qiang nationality in Xirong, which first entered the central region from nomadic people in the western regions. "I think' Rong' is a prairie person, and I admire the spirit of my ancestor named Jiang."
The work Wolf Totem: 197 1 was written by heart in Dongwuzhumuqin Grassland, Ximeng, Inner Mongolia. The first draft of 1997 is in Beijing. Finalized in Beijing at the end of 2003. Published in April 2004. 55 10/00000 words. It took six years from the first draft to the final draft, and there were 25 years before the draft.
Jiang Rong: "My ancestral name is Jiang. My grandfather's surname is Jiang. My father's surname is not Jiang. My pen name comes from this sentence in A General History of China: "The surname Jiang ... Jiang is a branch of the Qiang nationality in Xirong, which first entered the central region from nomadic people in the western regions. "I think' Rong' is a prairie person, and I admire the spirit of my ancestor named Jiang."
The work Wolf Totem: 197 1 was written by heart in Dongwuzhumuqin Grassland, Ximeng, Inner Mongolia. The first draft of 1997 is in Beijing. Finalized in Beijing at the end of 2003. Published in April 2004. 55 10/00000 words. It took six years from the first draft to the final draft, and there were 25 years before the draft.
Second, the author's point of view Hongfeng judgment
In this novel, the author boldly and frankly discusses that "the Han nationality in China is both a farming nation and a herbivore, and they are afraid of and hate wolves in their bones. How can they worship the wolf totem? The Han people in China worship the dragon totem, and the dragon king is in charge of the lifeblood of agriculture. They can only worship, fear and obey. How dare you learn, protect, worship and kill wolves like Mongols? People's totems can really inspire their national spirit and personality. The national character of farming people and nomadic people is too different. "
The author thinks: "The great contribution of nomadic people in China to the Chinese nation and civilization is mainly their spiritual character. Strong and enterprising national character is the pillar to create and support Chinese civilization. The farming people in China are the brains and hands that created the ancient civilization in China, while the character of nomadic people is the backbone of the whole Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. "
In "Rational Exploration —— Lectures and Dialogue on Wolf Totem", the author uses his own historical knowledge to compare and summarize vertically and horizontally, and further expounds the necessity of China's current reform from the perspective of political economy.
(P438) "... The current reform in China is actually a reform that exists in the country, and the current form of reform is irreversible. Figuratively speaking, since "Yanhuang Wolf", "Qin-Han Wolf" and "Sui-Tang Wolf" have been transformed from agricultural existence into "Huaxia Sheep", with the establishment and expansion of new competitive national existence, the "Huaxia Sheep" that has been lagging behind will become a brave and enterprising "modern Chinese civilized wolf", a true Chinese descendant and a more advanced stage of freedom and democracy.
However, in the world, China has the widest farming land, the longest farming history, the largest farming population, the deepest awareness of farming and the narrow space for urbanization. Therefore, it will take a long, painful and even cruel period to change from a "Chinese sheep" to a "civilized wolf". How to treat, arrange and feed people with weak personalities in a more civilized way and transform their weak personalities will become a huge social problem in China. Moreover, the crucial task of the future political system may be invincible for a long time because of the weak national character. These problems must be overcome by a strong and resolute wolf spirit. "
In this article, the author euphemistically uses "farming consciousness" instead of "peasant consciousness". If nothing else, just look at the quality of grassroots leaders now. Most of them are "cadres" of the rural brigade, mixed with Kela. A small district-level leader "Bao Zuo" can be bought for 300,000 RMB. This money comes not only from robbing people of their hard-earned money, but also from bullying, bullying, cheating and greed. These people will never take it out of their pockets. Besides, at present, a truly honest "cadre" will not earn 300 thousand without eating or drinking all his life.
The common faults of the Chinese nation are jealousy, selfishness, laziness and strong dependence. What is talent? If the leader uses you, you are a talent; If the leader doesn't need you, you are full of classics. In the eyes of leaders, you are mediocre. "Say you can't, say no, you can't, you can't accept it."
It is written in many places in the book that nomadic people on horseback have the character of "wolves" and farmers who are self-sufficient in agricultural production are "sheep". What followed was the "wolf" culture, such as wolf way, wolf soul, cool wolf, thinking like a wolf and missing the wolf.
Third, reading.
As can be seen from the book, the author's writing materials are based on grassland life, sorted out from life diaries and reading notes, and this book is also the author's memory and attachment to grassland life. The author has extensive literary knowledge, especially historical knowledge, which was "stolen" from two boxes of "closed books".
1, poor little wolf
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 27 (5) Watch the little wolf. "... In recent days, the little wolf always dragged Stark Chan to the northwest and ran to the place where the mother wolf's voice was the densest that night. ..... ""The little wolf sniffed and walked to a clump of thatched needles ... His eyes shone with surprise. He smelled and smelled, and he really wanted to bury his whole head in the grass. Little Wolf suddenly raised his head and looked at the sunset glow in the western sky. Howl pharynx pharynx, mournful, not the kind of excitement and joy when the first voice, but full of desire and impulse for maternal love and ethnic groups, crying out all the pain of the prisoner's life in chains for several months ... ""At this time, the little wolf actually raised a hind leg and peed on the needle grass. ..... Stark Chan make enough strength, suddenly dragged the little Wolf a tumble. This drag, the little wolf's half-bubble urine suppressed back, ... The little wolf was flustered, his eyes hung upside down, and he flew into a rage. Suddenly, he squatted on his hind legs and broke out suddenly, like a real wolf pouncing on Stark Chan. Stark Chan instinctively recoiled, but tripped over the grass. The little wolf opened his mouth and gave Stark Chan a hard bite on the calf. ..... I can't wait to bite off a piece of meat to get rid of it. " Hongfeng sympathizes with the little wolf here. Stark Chan, the novel character, tugged at the little wolf before he finished urinating, and the little wolf bit Stark Chan. Don't say that when the wolf urinates, someone pulls it, someone scares it, and even people will yell. Then it's even more cruel.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 27 (6) Stop being bitten by Xiao Lang and operate on Xiao Lang. "Stark Chan let the wolf smell the vice first, and then let it play with pliers for a while. Little Wolf relaxed his vigilance against the pliers ... Click to cut off the tips of four sharp teeth, which will remove about a quarter of the whole sharp teeth ... Two people thought that "the wolf's jaws clamped the teeth" must be similar to "the jaws were pulled out", and they were ready to tie them up and fight, but the operation was finished in less than a minute ... "Stark Chan and Yankee took advantage of Little Wolf's trust in them to win. Wolves are still not as clever as anyone. No matter how clever and cute the wolf is, it is not a plaything in people's hands. Anger!
Chapter 31 of Wolf Totem (1) Bao Shungui shows that Stark Chan, the little wolf, once again took advantage of his trust. "Stark Chan took out two pieces of meat from his bag, picked up an old chopping board, quietly walked to the wolf's hole, put the chopping board next to the hole, and then shouted, Little Wolf, Little Wolf, let's eat." "Little Wolf swished out of the hole and grabbed the meat. Stark Chan quickly pushed open the chopping board, covered the wolf hole and jumped out of the wolf circle. ……"
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 33 (2) The little wolf who moved to the field was pulled by an ox cart. The little wolf would rather be strangled by an ox cart than be led by an ox cart on the road. "The wolf was surprised and angry, struggling desperately, scratching with four claws, suddenly turning over, quickly getting up, trotting a few steps, and quickly doing the resistance action with four claws. The ox cart drove into the driveway and picked up speed. The little wolf got stuck in his neck, staggered away for more than ten meters, and was pulled by an ox cart. The rope dragged the wolf like a dead dog, and the grass roots scraped off a layer of wolf hair. When the little wolf is dragged to the ground, its back neck will not exert force, but the place where it exerts force is the fatal throat. Leather collar stretched tightly, sticking out his tongue and rolling his eyes. The little wolf opened his mouth, struggled desperately and stamped his paws ... ""The little wolf is still fighting, and the hard sand road is like coarse sandpaper, grinding his paws and bleeding profusely. " "Stubborn little Wolf has been dragged for four or five miles. Half of the hair on its back neck has been worn off, and blood is oozing from its skin. The thick and tough claws on its four claws have been smoothed by the hard sand in the driveway. ..... Then, a large piece of red mist blood bead suddenly spurted from the mouth of the little wolf, and finally the little wolf was strangled by the collar. " Poor, poor, poor little wolf "... The little wolf is dying, his mouth keeps spraying blood, and it hurts to scratch Stark Chan's hand with his blood claw, ..." This action is obviously to let Stark Chan pass him a yard.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 33 (3) Xiao Lang's strong perseverance, "Little Wolf just recovered from the brink of death, regardless of the pain of four claws, stubbornly standing in the sand, four legs kept shaking with pain, his mouth was still dripping with blood, but his neck was still stuck, and he continued to make a posture of supporting the ground to guard against the sudden start of the ox cart. It stared at the wolf's eyes and assumed a posture of fighting to the death, even though it was a bald man with four claws and four legs and was crushed by an ox cart. ..... "Little Wolf is a tough guy.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 35 (4) ... The little wolf went completely crazy in the bloody battle, biting the ground, biting the felt, biting everything it could touch, and desperately tossing his head to earn chains. ..... I don't know how long it took, but the little wolf finally tried his best and slowly collapsed. "Little Wolf once again made a final struggle for himself and returned to his parents and brother. "... the little wolf glared at the blood, swallowed the blood bite by bite, and there was a lot of blood everywhere, such as fur robe, thick felt and wolf pen, which seemed to be more than the blood that killed a pony, and the blood had frozen into ice. ..... "Can't bear to see.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 35 (5) "The little wolf who lost too much blood staggered to stand up, walked to the edge of the wolf's fence, scratched several large pieces of snow outside the fence with his claws, and opened his mouth to eat. ..... "This shows that the wolf's wound has been infected with a high fever. "Stark Chan sat down in despair. The little wolf struggled to prop up his two front legs and barely sat in front of him, his mouth half open, his tongue half sticking out, and his saliva dripping with blood. He looked at Stark Chan like an old wolf, as if he had something to say to him, but he couldn't make a sound. "Little Wolf asked Stark Chan to let him go with his remaining strength. "Stark Chan suddenly stood up, ran to the yurt, quietly grabbed half of the iron brazing, then turned around, hid the iron brazing behind him, and strode to the little wolf. The little wolf is still sitting in a hurry, his legs are shaking worse and he is about to fall down. Stark Chan quickly turned to the little wolf's back, held high the iron drill, exhausted all his strength, and smashed it at the back of the wolf's head. Little Wolf didn't make a sound, and fell to the ground softly, like a real Mongolian hyena, and persisted until the last moment ... ". "The whole family's dogs and puppies, I don't know what happened, all came running. When they saw the little wolf lying dead on the ground, they came up to smell it and ran away in fear. Only Jiro growled angrily at the two masters. " Wolf, humanity, dog. Who is the most emotional?
In this part, Hongfeng thinks that if Chen Zhen is really "researching", there is no need to bind the wolf cruelly, so it is wrong to understand the wolf. The true wolf nature can't be displayed in this situation, and it's impossible to really understand the wolf's habits. Only by dancing with wolves in a friendly way can we get the truest wolves equally. Wolves are the most affectionate and caring; More than wolves, puppies, kittens, chickens, etc. Everyone has love and emotional lines.
2. The wolf's temperament is masculine
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 15 (3) "The wolf was running wildly, and suddenly he couldn't hear the sound of hooves behind him, so he braked in panic. ..... Batu's gun rang, ... I saw a pool of blood between the yellow grass and the rubble, but the big wolf disappeared ... They had to follow the blood step by step. " "Batu said: I broke one of the wolf's front legs. You see, the wolf only has three paw prints when he takes a step, and his injured leg can't touch the ground. ..... How can a three-legged wolf outrun a four-legged horse? ……"。 "Now the blood is broken, and the two chased for more than an hour. On a piece of grass beach, both of them froze: a wolf with white beard stubble was kneeling on the ground, and his leg bones and wolf skin tendons still had wolf tooth marks. Batu said, Look, the wolf thinks it's in the way and runs to mow the grass. It bit off its injured leg by itself. ..... "The wolf is strong-willed and indomitable.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 32 (3) "Two jeeps finally drove the wolf to a long flat slope. No ravines, no hilltops, no potholes, no landforms that wolves can use. Two jeeps honked at the same time, which was earth-shattering and deafening. When the giant wolf runs, his limbs spasm and his soul is out of body experience. The poor giant wolf finally couldn't run fast, and the speed dropped obviously, so he couldn't even spit out the foam. No matter how the two drivers honk their horns, they can't scare the speed of the wolf. " "... the giant wolf ran half a mile and almost ran out of the alveoli. It suddenly stopped, with its last strength, turned and squatted down, posing for the final position. ""Two jeeps braked three or four meters away from the giant wolf. Bao Shungui grabbed the gun and jumped out of the car. He stood for a few seconds. Seeing that the wolf was motionless, he got up his courage, put on his bayonet, picked up his gun and walked slowly towards the wolf. The giant wolf twitched all over, his eyes were distracted and his pupils were dilated. Bao Shungui approached the wolf, but the wolf did not move. He stabbed the wolf in the mouth with a bayonet, but the wolf still did not move. Bao Shungui laughed and said, We chased this wolf silly. Then he reached out his palm and touched the giant wolf's head like a dog. This may be the first person in Mongolian grassland who dared to touch the wolf's head in the wild for thousands of years. The giant wolf still didn't respond. When Bao Shungui touched the wolf's ear again, the giant wolf collapsed to the ground like a thousand-year-old stone beast ... "The strong giant wolf finally became a plaything in people's hands. From this article, I seem to see the heroic scene of several ferocious bandits "sacrificing" a soldier on the battlefield.
Some wolves would rather collapse in their own nests than leave a complete wolf skin.
3, the wolf said the horse
Chapter 5 (2) of Wolf Totem ... is a world-famous Ujimuqinma among Mongolian war horses in history, which was called Turkic Horse in history. They all have beautiful body frames, and they are hard-working, hungry and thirsty, cold-resistant in summer, fast running and strong. However, these horses have one fatal weakness. They are all horses, but there is a lack of fierce and aggressive girls (stallions) who can take the initiative to attack the wolf. In Mongolian grassland, every large herd of horses has more than a dozen horse families, large and small, and each family has a girl. Those girls who have knee-length manes and even mop the floor and are taller than other horses are the real head horses and killers in the herd. As soon as they met the wolf, the horses immediately formed a circle under the command of the mare and pony, and the big horse was outside. All the girls are fighting the wolves head-on outside the circle. They let go of their long manes, groaned and growled, stood up on their hind feet, hung over the wolf's head like a hill, then swooped down with their front feet and smashed the wolf's head with their two huge front feet. Once the wolf escapes, the girl will bow her head and chase him, even scratching and biting. The biggest, fiercest and most violent girl can bite a wolf, throw it into the sky, fall to the ground, then scratch and kill it. On the grassland, no matter how fierce the wolf is, it is no match for the girl. No matter day or night, Erpockmarked guards the horses warily. Even if the horses are frightened by wolves, lightning and mountain fires, Ermaz will protect his family, minimize the casualties of his wife and children, and lead the horses to safety. "Ermayina is also a bloody person.
Fourth, the inspiration from wolves.
Watching Sina's network serialization attracted many netizens to follow the posts, and the applause and abuse gradually became louder and louder, and then they held their own opinions and argued clearly. No matter what comments there are on the Internet, Hongfeng just wants to talk about her views on environmental protection here.
Deserts, oases, rivers, rivers and seas, heaven and earth, droughts and floods all follow the principle of balance in nature. Man can't conquer nature. If human beings break the laws of nature, they will naturally punish human beings and return to a new balance. Balance-imbalance-balance.
Rainfall is closely related to the amount of water in rivers, lakes and seas, which is a big cycle. The water on the ground evaporates into the air to form a cloud, and the cloud is subjected to the action of cold and hot air to produce rain, and the rain falls to the surface through runoff to form groundwater, thus completing a large cycle. The decrease of wetlands will affect the decline of groundwater level, river surface and temperature. Form dry weather and sandstorms.
Another big cycle is the biological chain, and each species in nature has its own division of labor and performs its duties. Just like the people in the book, wolves, sheep, antelopes, horses, otters, swans, geese, water, grass and so on.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 25 (3) ... If there were no wolves, the quality of horses would decline. Without wolves, horses will become lazy and fat and can't run. In the world, Mongolian horses are already very short. Without speed and endurance, Mongolian horses can't sell at a good price, and the army cavalry dare not use them as war horses. Also, if there were no wolves, horses would develop too fast. Think about it, a group of horses will increase 100 foals a year. If most foals can survive, a group of foals will increase by 20% or 30% every year, and the proportion of foals will increase even more with the increase of new mares of childbearing age every year. In this way, after three or four years, the number of horses will double. Under normal circumstances, horses can't be sold until they are four or five years old, so a large number of horses under four or five years old can only be kept. Uliji said that horses are the most destructive animals on the grassland. Besides ferrets and rabbits, horses are the biggest saboteurs on the grassland. Mongolian horses eat a lot, and a horse eats the grass of dozens and hundreds of sheep a year. At present, herders suspect that horses are robbing cattle and sheep pastures. If the whole herd is open and developed without control, then in a few years, there will be no grass for cattle and sheep to eat, and the grassland with momentum will gradually become a desert ... "This is a very traditional, simple and ancient transformation relationship, which is why people have not learned it well so far.
It was man who drove the wolf away from the grassland, and it was man who occupied the wolf's habitat. From wolves to animals and advanced animals that should live under the same blue sky, it is advanced animals like people that push animals to the point of no return. How many species have left us.
On the day of the Three Gorges diversion and flood discharge, Hongfeng watched the stiff muscles piled up on the host's face on TV and listened to the speech with surging mood. Hongfeng is equally excited, equally excited and in a different mood. Hongfeng looked at the historical and cultural sites flooded everywhere, and her heart rose with the rising water level. Historical sites, ancient water level records, historical and cultural traces, will never be repeated. Who can imagine how many generations of animal and plant species living on both sides of the strait can survive?
The book also mentioned the water storage capacity of grassland many times. The problem of carrying capacity is not only the grassland, but also the case described in Wolf's book. At present, it is universal, the population is expanding, and agricultural land is dedicated to building socialism. Left and right, east and west, south and north, whoring and prostitution ... are the opposites of one-to-one correspondence. While building, there is also destruction.
Fifth, make the world full of love.
"Wolf Totem" Chapter 26 (2) "On the grassland, the story of the mother wolf caring for and protecting her cubs is very widespread: in order to teach the wolf cubs to hunt, the mother wolf often takes risks to capture the lambs alive; In order to protect the wolf cubs in the cave, I will not hesitate to fight hard with the hunters; For the safety of the pups, they often transfer them to caves night after night; In order to feed the wolf, he often eats himself almost until his stomach is broken, and then spits all the food in his stomach to the wolf; For the benefit of the wolf clan, the female wolf who lost the whole nest will feed her sister or cousin's children with her own milk. Bi Lige once said that a long time ago, there was an old hunter on the Oroqen grassland. He had seen three female wolves raise a litter of wolves with milk. That spring, he went to the deep mountain to find the wolf cub cave, and found three female wolves lying in a half circle to feed seven or eight wolf cubs. Every female wolf has two or three cubs beside her belly, and he and the hunters can't bear to dig that nest any more. The old man once said that Maguan, a Mongolian grassland hunter, never cut wolf cubs, and many wolf cubs, godmothers and wet nurses survived. Wolf cubs can't finish drinking milk, and they have a good foundation. Therefore, the Mongolian wolf is the biggest, strongest and smartest wolf in the world ... Stark Chan wanted to say that this is not all. A wolf's maternal love can even go beyond his own race and support himself. Behind the ferocity of the female wolf, there is the most incredible and touching fraternity in the world. "
Whenever Hongfeng hears reports of animals attacking people on TV, she thinks that this is the difference between people, advanced animals and ordinary animals, and puts all the mistakes on ordinary animals. Shouldn't advanced animals reflect? But the love of individual advanced animals is not as good as that of wolves.
Fill the world with love. We shouldn't sing for the sake of singing. We should dedicate our love, love ourselves, love our relatives, love our land, love our living space, and love the vibrant ordinary life around us.
"Gently lift your face/dry your tears/This heart will always belong to you/Tell me that I am no longer lonely/Look into your eyes deeply/Don't need more words/Hold your hand tightly/This warmth hasn't changed/We share joy/We share patience/We share the same expectation/We * * * wind and rain/We * * * pursue/We cherish the same love/No matter what you and I used to do.