The sexual reproduction of Corydalis is facultative self-pollination, that is, when it encounters continuous rainfall during flowering, only self-pollination and closed pollination are carried out. You can use bees when the weather is fine.

(1) If the flowering period is rainy continuously, the plants of long-stemmed yellow flower (AaBB) pollinate themselves only by self-pollination and closed pollination, and their progeny genotypes are AaBB, AABB and aaBB***, and their phenotypes are purple flower long stalk, yellow flower long stalk and white flower long stalk respectively. If the flowering period is short and rainy, there are only self-pollination and closed pollination, but the weather is not good. Therefore, the genotype of self-bred progeny of dwarf purple plant (AABb) is AaBb, and the genotypes of hybrid progeny are AABb and AAbb, that is, the genotypes of seeds harvested on dwarf purple plant (AAbb) are AAbb, AAbb and AABB.

(2) (1) According to the title, the self-bred offspring of some single-petaled plants always produce about 50% double flowers. According to "making something out of nothing is hidden", the single-petaled flowers of wisteria are dominant and the double flowers are hidden; Theoretically, the ratio of double petals (ee) in the offspring of single-petal plants is about 25% (Ee: EE: EE =1:2:1), but the experimental results show that the EE of the offspring of double-petal plants is 50%, indicating that 23 single-petal plants in the offspring have not survived. Because the genotype of the parent is EE, the genotype of Fl single petal flower is EE. Because the most likely cause of pollen death due to allele and chromosome deletion is that the chromosome deletion of E leads to pollen death, so the male parent can only produce one kind of pollen, so after crossing with the female parent of Ee, EE: EE = 1: 1.

(2) If the root cause of the above experimental phenomenon is the partial deletion of the chromosome where the allele (e, e) is located, and the pollen with chromosome deletion leads to death, according to the above analysis, it should be the death of E pollen, then the relationship between gene and chromosome is shown in the following figure:

③ The picture shows haploid breeding, which requires anther culture in vitro and colchicine treatment. If F2 petals only have double petals, the above conclusion is valid. If F2 petals have single flowers and double flowers, the above conclusion does not exist.

So the answer is:

(1) purple pedicel, yellow pedicel, white pedicel? AABb，AAbb

(2)① Dominance? Ee？

②

③F2 petals only have double petals? F2 petals have single flowers and double flowers.