How to prepare the feed for raising geese with straw?
In rural areas, a large number of crop straws, such as corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw and so on. , are produced at the same time of harvesting grain every year. Ammoniated straw can be used to feed livestock and play the role of "returning to the field after abdomen". After ammoniation of straw, the nutritional value of straw can be improved at first, and the crude protein content can be increased by 4 ~ 6% in general. Secondly, it can improve the palatability and digestibility of straw. Generally, the feed intake can be increased by 20-40%, and the digestibility can be increased by 10-20%, thus increasing the milk yield of dairy cows by about 10%. Thirdly, ammoniated straw (urea) has low cost, simple operation and easy popularization.
Second, the method of straw ammoniation
1, ammoniation tank ammoniation method
The specific method is (1) to build an ammoniation tank in the sunny, leeward, high terrain, hard soil, low groundwater level and convenient for production, feeding and management. The swimming pool can be rectangular or round in shape. The size and capacity of the pond depend on the number of ammoniated straw, which depends on the type and quantity of livestock. Generally, each cubic meter of pool can hold about 100 kg of chopped and air-dried straw. A cow weighing 200 kg needs ammoniated straw 1.5~2.0 tons every year. After digging the pool, lay the bottom with bricks or stones, build by laying bricks or stones, and plaster with cement. (2) Pulverize or cut the straw into small pieces of 1.5~2.0 cm. (3) Urea accounting for 3-5% of the straw weight is prepared into a solution with warm water. The amount of warm water depends on the water content of the straw. Generally, the moisture content of straw is about 12%, and the moisture content of straw should reach about 40% by ammoniation, so the amount of warm water per 100kg of straw is generally about 30 kg. (4) Uniformly spraying the prepared urea solution on the straws, and stirring while spraying, or uniformly spraying the urea solution on a layer of straws at one time, and stepping while loading. (5) After the pool water is filled, cover the pool mouth with plastic film, and cover it with soil for sealing.
2, pit storage ammoniation method
(1) Choose a place with high terrain, dry soil, low groundwater level, close to the barn and convenient storage management. The size of the cellar depends on the storage capacity. Pits can be dug underground or semi-underground, and soil pits or cement pits can also be used. However, the cellar must not leak air or water, and the walls of the cellar must be trimmed and smooth. If a cellar is used, an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.08~0.2 mm can be laid on the bottom and four walls of the cellar, or a layer of 10~20 cm thick straw or hay can be laid on the bottom before the raw materials enter the cellar to prevent moisture, and a layer of corn stalks can be discharged around the cellar to prevent the soil on the cellar wall from entering the feed. (2) Cut the straw into small pieces of 1.5~2.0 cm. (3) The aqueous urea solution is prepared as above. (4) The straw is cellar-packed, and urea aqueous solution is sprayed. The method is as above. (5) After the raw materials are put into the cellar, cover the raw materials with a layer of 5-20cm thick straw or broken grass, then cover them with 20-30cm soil and step on them. When the cellar is sealed, the raw materials should be 50~60 cm above the ground to prevent rainwater from infiltrating. Check regularly and repair cracks in time.
3, plastic bag ammoniation method
The size of plastic bags should be convenient to use. Generally, plastic bags are 2.5m long and1.5m wide. It is best to use double plastic bags. Spray the cut straw evenly with the prepared urea aqueous solution (as above), put it into a plastic bag, seal the bag mouth and put it in a sunny and dry place. Please check it frequently during storage. If you smell ammonia at the mouth of the bag, you should prick it again. If the plastic bag is found damaged, it should be sealed with tape in time.
Third, the quality appraisal of ammoniated feed
After the straw is ammoniated for a certain period of time, it can be cut open and fed. The duration of ammoniation depends on the temperature. It takes more than 56 days for the temperature to be lower than 5 degrees; The temperature is 5~ 10 degrees, which takes 28~56 days; The temperature is 10~20 degrees, and it takes 14~28 days; The temperature is 20~30 degrees, which takes 7~ 14 days; It only takes 5~7 days for the temperature to be higher than 30 degrees. The quality of ammoniated straw should be identified before feeding livestock. Generally speaking, the color of ammoniated straw should be apricot yellow, and ammoniated corn straw is brown, soft and fluffy, with obvious hand feeling. Ammoniated straw has the smell of paste and pungent ammonia. The smell of ammoniated corn stalk is slightly different, which has both sour taste of silage and pungent smell of ammonia. If it is found that most of the ammoniated straw is moldy, it cannot be used to feed livestock.
Fourth, the feeding method of ammoniated straw
After pit opening, ammoniated straws that pass the quality inspection need to be dried in a cool and ventilated place for several days before they can be fed after the ammonia smell is eliminated. When releasing ammonia, the ammoniated straw that has just been taken out should be placed far away from the barn and residence, so as not to stimulate the respiratory tract of people and livestock and affect the appetite of livestock. If the humidity of straw is low and the weather is cold, the ventilation time will be longer. When feeding, the ammoniated straw to be fed every day should be taken out 2~3 days before feeding, and the rest should be sealed to prevent the ammoniated straw with high water content from going moldy and deteriorating in a short time.
Ammoniated straw is only suitable for feeding ruminants such as cattle and sheep, but not for feeding monogastric livestock such as horses, mules, donkeys and pigs. When ammoniated straw was fed for the first time, domestic animals did not adapt. On the first day of feeding ammoniated straw, 1/3 ammoniated straw and 2/3 non-ammoniated straw were mixed, and then gradually increased. After a few days, livestock are no longer willing to eat non-ammoniated straw. The feeding amount of ammoniated straw can generally account for 70~80% of cattle and sheep's diet, and livestock can only drink water after feeding ammoniated straw for half an hour or 1 hour. Hungry livestock should not be fed in large quantities. In areas where conditions permit, some high-carbohydrate feed can be properly matched with a certain amount of minerals and silage to give full play to the role of ammoniated straw and improve the utilization rate. If livestock poisoning is found, you can feed 500 grams of vinegar.
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2003-7-2
With the rapid development of China's livestock and poultry breeding industry, feed grain is increasingly scarce, and relying solely on edible feed for breeding is costly, inefficient and sometimes even losing money. Regrettably, however, most resource-rich straws were abandoned or burned. The production and application of compound biochemical essence to produce efficient bio-protein straw feed for breeding has low cost and high benefit, which conforms to the national conditions and has a very broad market prospect.
Making efficient bio-protein straw feed with compound biochemical essence and developing aquaculture are the planned projects promoted by FAO, and also the key projects promoted by the Ministry of Science and Technology from 65438 to 0999. The compound biochemical essence is developed from the essence of ammonification, saccharification, softening and fermentation of enzyme feed. The high-efficiency bio-protein straw feed refined by compound biochemistry does not need to introduce strains. A proper amount of water and compound biochemical essence are added to rice and wheat straw and various non-toxic crushed materials such as weeds, bean stalks, peanut shells, corn stalks and various leaves and vines. A few days later, after biochemical action on straw powder, a large amount of bacterial protein can be produced, which becomes a high protein, full nutrition and efficient biological feed rich in low molecular carbohydrates and free amino acids, which is the favorite of livestock and poultry. This high-efficiency complete feed has low cost and high benefit, and the total cost of making 1 kg straw feed is only 6 cents.
After fermentation, the crude protein of high-efficiency bio-protein straw feed refined by compound biochemistry can be increased by more than 10%. Hemicellulose is degraded by more than 45%. The fermented straw feed is sweet in acid, unique in flavor, high in nutritional value, deeply loved by livestock and poultry, good in palatability and increased in feed intake. Livestock and poultry feel slightly drunk after eating, and their activities decrease. Through observation, the livestock and poultry who eat this feed have shown great growth advantages and disease resistance, improved digestibility and gained weight quickly, and achieved obvious economic benefits. Compared with other feeds, the growth rate of livestock and poultry fed with this feed is generally more than twice as fast, and some even as high as twice.
Through trial feeding test, the use of biological straw feed can obviously improve the reproductive rate of livestock and poultry, the litter rate of pigs can be increased by about 40%, and the laying rate of laying hens can be increased by about 20%. According to statistics, the daily gain of fattening pigs with straw feed is more than 1.5 kg, the feed/meat ratio is 3.5: 1, and the feed cost per 1 .0-1.3 yuan, while the feed cost of feeding one kg of pigs is higher than that of 2 yuan. Fattening cattle with straw feed can gain more than 2kg a day. The feed cost of each head 1. 1- 1.4 yuan is much lower than that of traditional fattening cattle, and the meat produced is tender and delicious. Especially in the current situation of low pork price and weak market, it is a way for the aquaculture industry to get out of the predicament by using compound biochemical essence to make high-efficiency protein biological straw feed for pigs.
The production of high-performance protein bio-straw feed with compound biochemical essence has the following characteristics: ① The raw materials are widely available. ② The production season is long. Because this method uses microorganisms for fermentation, the dosage of preparation can be flexibly adjusted according to different seasons, and it can be produced all year round. (3) It is easy to manufacture and does not compete with agriculture. To make straw feed by biological fermentation, just mix several trace elements, several nontoxic chemical conditioners, straw powder and water in a certain proportion, and then put them into a cement tank or a fermentation container such as a vat or plastic for sealed fermentation. ④ The biological straw feed is nontoxic and harmless, and has long storage time. The compound biochemical refined straw feed is nontoxic, because the raw materials are nontoxic and harmless. The fermented straw feed contains acidic substances produced by beneficial bacteria due to significant changes in nutritional components, which keeps the feed in a slightly acidic state, thus inhibiting the growth and reproduction of spoilage bacteria, and the feed can be preserved for a long time.