She Population in She Culture
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the ancestors of the She nationality who lived in the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi once engaged in agricultural production and hunting activities. They explored the land under extremely difficult conditions. In the Tang Dynasty, the central dynasty ruled in Zhangzhou and Tingzhou, Fujian, where the ancestors of the She nationality lived together, and implemented a series of measures to develop the economy, which further developed the economy of the She nationality and made the relationship between the She nationality and the Han nationality increasingly close. The establishment of political power in Zhang Ting in Tang Dynasty greatly accelerated the process of feudalization of She nationality. The feudal rulers deepened the exploitation and oppression of the She nationality, and also implemented a series of ethnic discrimination policies, treating them as "foreigners". She costumes are the intangible cultural heritage of China. She nationality's traditional dress is colorful, and its main feature is reflected in women's dress, which runs through the whole in the form of phoenix, so it is called "phoenix dress". "Phoenix costume" consists of clothing and headdress. The traditional headdress is called "Guan Feng", which consists of silver tongs, a head, silver gold, a Chinese zither, Qixi cards, Qixi children, a silver chain and ancient money from China. Clothing consists of coat, skirt, skirt, foot binding, shoes, etc.
Jacket: the jacket retains the classic cross collar, which is triangular, with red, white, yellow, green and blue stripes in the middle from the edge to the inside; The collar is embroidered with flowers or phoenix patterns in the middle of stripes; Embroider a flower or pattern on the triangle on the left and right sides of the chest; Sleeves are short and small, and they are also five-color stripes from side to side; Arms and lapels are embroidered with various patterns, but casual clothes are not embroidered.
Skirt: The skirt consists of two pieces of cloth, with slits on the left and right sides and buttons tied with the same color cloth. There are regular vertical lines of different lengths under the skirt; The front of the skirt is embroidered with geometric patterns, but casual clothes are not embroidered.
Waist skirt: Waist skirt, commonly known as waist, is a square with a side length of 30 to 35 cm, and a skirt is sewn on the top, left and right. Foot binding: Foot binding is leggings. Integral triangle, tied into an inverted herringbone, with 1 red ribbon sewn at the upper, lower, left and right corners and the lower corner. The top of the ordinary dress is white, and the dressing room is embroidered with five-color stripes at all edges and calves.
Shoes: Shoes are embroidered shoes, made of black cloth. First, flowers and geometric patterns are embroidered on the vamp. Commonly known as "Melody". With the changes of the times and the growth of social communication, the female costumes of She nationality are becoming more and more rigid. The production skills of She costumes and headdresses have been listed in the intangible cultural heritage list at the county level, and the county government put forward the initiative of wearing traditional costumes on the first day of each week, which laid a solid foundation for the inheritance and promotion of traditional costumes. The literature of She nationality in China is composed of traditional folk literature and emerging writers' literature. In the folk literature of the She nationality, the mythical works about Pan Hu, the ancestor of the She nationality, attract people's attention. The works on this theme include the rhymes of ancient mythical songs Pangu Song and Lin Bao Wang Song, as well as the prose styles of mythical songs Gao Xin and The Dragon King and the Third Princess. These works are similar in content and tell the story of Long Lin, the ancestor of She nationality, who married Yincui gorge and gave birth to them because of his outstanding achievements in the war. Narrative folk songs of She nationality include Song of the Last Generation, Eighteen Emperors of Yuan Dynasty, Song of Desolation, etc. , involving the rise and fall of feudal dynasties, civil disasters and other important themes. Novel songs are a special form of She folk literature. Most of them are narrative songs adapted from Han literature works by She singers who know Chinese in the past two centuries, such as The Journey to the West, Legend of the White Snake and Butterfly Lovers. There are also novels and songs based on the historical stories of this nation, such as Zhong Liangbie, Zhong and Lan. The representative works of the folklore of She nationality include A Lang and Yuan Lian, Creation of the Earth, Rattan Bracelet and Bamboo Tube, etc. Folk stories such as "selling charcoal", "Shi Niu" and "picking up gold ingots" circulating in She nationality areas reflect the wisdom and moral concepts of working people.
Pangu Song is an ancient folk myth song of She nationality in China. Also known as the Song of the King, the Song of the Emperor and the Song of the Ancestor of Pan Hu. It is a rhyme myth about the origin of the She nationality and has the original concept of totem worship. In the Western Han Dynasty, a fairy floating on a mound, with two cranes, wandered to Jingning in idle clouds. Seeing the green mountains, green waters and lush trees, he couldn't put it down, so he went to the riverside to build a house and bathe the cranes in the river. After that, he didn't know where to go. In memory of the immortal who came here, later generations called the harmonious water Hexi and built the house on the floating mountain. It is said that everyone who lives here has been healthy for a hundred years. To this end, the She and Han nationalities in Jingning also specially built memorial archways, which became a place name.
She people in Jingning have lived in Shan Ye for generations and are well versed in observing landscapes. Their buildings are naturally surrounded by mountains and rivers with beautiful scenery; The aristocratic family is a four-in-one courtyard, with a small bridge in front of it and flowers in the backyard. There is no other paradise. Baisuimen is the place where she people live, but it is also the place where she people create culture and inherit civilization. Over the years, Centennial Gate has become a totem and symbol of She culture. There are still traces of "star worship" in the totem belief of She nationality, which further illustrates the star prototype of Pan Hu's image. The so-called stars, originally the general name of natural celestial bodies, are also one of the basis for ancestors to mark the direction, divide the starry sky and make calendars. With the rise of Taoist culture, the stars are gradually endowed with concrete images of gods and enter people's belief world. Judging from the trace of "star worship" of the She nationality, we can't easily conclude that the She nationality follows the Heavenly King Calendar, but the She nationality has been in contact with the Han nationality for a long time and basically assimilated. She nationality has its own language, but it is proficient in Chinese and has followed the astronomical calendar of Han nationality since ancient times. In ancient China, the scientific and technological achievements of the Han nationality were brilliant.
Han nationality has a long tradition of astronomical observation. As early as the legendary era, there were hereditary officials in charge of astronomy who were responsible for observing astronomical phenomena. Later generations continued, and institutions such as stargazing platform, observatory, Tiantai, Division and Qin were set up to observe the astronomical phenomena and calculate the calendar. Therefore, the observation and record of solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, stars, comets, sunspots and other astronomical phenomena in China literature is the earliest and most complete in the world. The earliest record of solar eclipse occurred in the Xia Dynasty about 4000 years ago. About 3000 years ago, there was an exact record of solar eclipse in the Oracle bones of Shang Dynasty. There are many records of solar and lunar eclipses in ancient books since the Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and also in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. "Zhou Li" has Feng, "Palm ten has two years old, ten has February, ten has two days, and ten has eight stars". During the Warring States Period, Gander wrote eight volumes of astrology, and Shishen wrote eight volumes of astronomy, which were later collectively referred to as Shigan astrology, and recorded the positions of 120 stars, making it the earliest catalogue in the world. Ancient astronomers divided Sunday into three walls and twenty-eight nights, and used this area to determine the location of celestial bodies and phenomena. In the pre-Qin period, Han ancestors drew star maps, and the earliest preserved objects were two 28-night star map carvings unearthed in the Five Dynasties. Other famous ones are the astronomical map of Suzhou stone carvings in Song Dynasty and the star map of Dunhuang in Tang Dynasty. Geomantic omen has a long history in China, and was called "geomancy" in ancient times. It is the choice and treatment of people's living or burial environment, so as to achieve the purpose of avoiding misfortune. Its core idea is the harmony between man and nature, which is mainly related to the location, orientation, construction and layout of palaces, houses, villages and cemeteries. The organizer said that many people associate Feng Shui with superstition. In fact, Feng Shui is a discipline of discovering and utilizing nature.
Ancient Han people attached great importance to geomantic omen, so did She people. Like weddings, funerals and easy living, we must ask Yi Xue Feng Shui master to predict divination, so as to break the disaster ahead of time. In the words of modern people, it is a place with good feng shui. People living here can help people prosper and make future generations rich and outstanding. In ancient times, it met the standard of a treasure trove of geomantic omen: behind it is a mountain, on the left is a green dragon, on the right is a white tiger, in front of it is a mountain, and in the middle is a hall, with tortuous water flow. Feng Shui tells people to conform to the laws of nature and optimize the natural environment. In 2008, the "she medicine" project in Jingning, Zhejiang Province was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list approved by the State Council. Because she people live in remote and remote mountainous areas with scattered villages for a long time, the traffic is inconvenient and the economy is backward. In order to survive and reproduce under the specific historical conditions and geographical environment, the She nationality has learned the skills of preventing and treating diseases and accumulated rich medical experience. It has its own system, unique disease concept, disease classification and special treatment, which embodies the cultural characteristics of She medicine and has unique curative effect on some diseases.
In 2006, Zhejiang Provincial Health Department launched the project "Investigation and Arrangement of She Folk Medicine in China". The research group lasted for more than 6 years, visited and investigated the main settlements of She nationality in China, and sorted out the basic characteristics of She nationality medicine according to a large amount of information obtained from the investigation.
Unique theory: "malnutrition theory" and "six gods theory" are the main theories of She nationality medicine to prevent and treat diseases. Dr. She also divided "malnutrition" into malnutrition in a narrow sense and malnutrition in a broad sense. Malnutrition in a narrow sense is also called "infantile malnutrition". Wind, cold, malnutrition, food and other factors cause many miscellaneous diseases, which are generally called "malnutrition". The Six Spirits consist of heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney and gallbladder. Her doctor thinks that if they fall, they will get sick. The theory of "miliaria" has formed a whole set of methods to treat miliaria. In addition, she also has a unique understanding of injury and rheumatism. These theoretical foundations form the naming and classification of diseases and the diagnostic methods of She medicine.
Characteristic therapy: including external therapy, malnutrition therapy, traditional bonesetting, detoxification and diuretic therapy, dietotherapy, psychotherapy and other common remedies. External treatment is still widely used, such as scraping, picking, kneading, pumping, blowing, kneading and ironing. All kinds of hair-trigger skills can often get rid of the disease at hand. The method of bone setting is to use bare-handed reduction, mashed fresh she medicine for external application, and fixed fir bark. In addition, there are secret recipes for snake injury, rheumatism, jaundice hepatitis, pneumonia and osteomyelitis. Her doctor also said that "medicine and food are homologous". Almost every household often uses poultry and livestock with herbs to eat. According to statistics, there are about 100 kinds of food with dietotherapy function. According to records, Jingning She Qingqu Liquor, which is almost lost and extremely precious, is a model of adopting the principle of "homology of medicine and food" in She medicine, but the people who have mastered the secret recipe have not spread it so far.
Characteristics of drug use: she medicine is basically a wild plant medicine. She doctors believe that she medicine can be divided into yin and yang, and pay great attention to the balance of yin and yang in medication. She medicine is a warm yang medicine, which grows on the hillside of Chaoyang. Yin medicine for treating ADHD and inflammation grows in Yinshan gully; Drugs that are neither cold nor hot nor cold are called "harmony" drugs, which have a balanced and nourishing effect, and "harmony" drugs grow at a low ebb. She medicinal materials have their variety characteristics, mainly fresh and ready-made, and their processing skills focus on drug introduction and habits of accessories and other drugs.
Tradition: She people are sick, mostly based on ancestral prescriptions, taking She medicine or taking other traditional treatment methods. Therapeutic technology is regarded as a treasure, passed from man to woman, and it is also a custom for women and children to pass on to their daughters-in-law. It is passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth, forming its own system. She doctors, who have a skill, generally focus on skills, still engage in farming, or are semi-agricultural and semi-medical, and also receive meager remuneration. The She proverb "No wine is hard to talk about" says that she people are hospitable, good at drinking and often entertain guests with their own wine. When a guest arrives at She's house, the host usually does not make tea first, but respectfully holds a big bowl of rice wine in his hands and invites the guest to taste it. This is the highest hospitality etiquette in She's house. Throughout the year, the She family brews rice wine and builds houses with "Shangliang wine"; Eat "birthday wine" on your birthday; Drink "engagement wine" when engaged; If you marry a woman, you must eat "marriage wine"; You should eat "relatives' wine" when you get married. It's really impossible without wine. She rice wine is generally brewed by ordinary families.
The production technology of Jingning She nationality Qingqu liquor, which mysteriously exists in the famous family of She nationality, has been passed down for more than 1200 years since the second year of Tang Yongtai, which is precious. Its brewing process is very particular, but the cutting formula has been passed down from generation to generation by the descendants of Lei family of She nationality, and the secret is kept secret. The preparation method selects 66 kinds of high-quality natural herbs and wild fruits, and adds auxiliary materials such as wine making, distilled liquor, green yeast, brown sugar and the like. After eight steps (selecting medicine, processing, decocting, mixing, sealing the altar, soaking in spring, cultivating soil and shrinking), it is carefully made. The body of Qingqu liquor is naturally pure golden yellow and green, and the liquor is bright and transparent, such as mountain jasper; The fresh and elegant mountain grass is mild and elegant, with smooth entrance, unique style and good overall quality. 1984, the State Council announced the establishment of the only Jingning She Autonomous County in China. The descendants of the She nationality commemorate their ancestors. After a long period of excavation, sorting and research and development, Jingning She's green qu liquor was comprehensively evaluated in quality and upgraded in brand, named "Baishimen 1984 She's green qu liquor", which inherited the health-preserving culture and promoted the national spirit.